Supplementary Information
Phelps, J., Webb, E.L. 2015. "Invisible" wildlife trades: Southeast Asia's undocumented illegal trade in wild ornamental plants. Biological Conservation 186:296-305.
Table A1. Ornamental plant species lists by market, including number of units encountered and percentage of trade *
Species / Chedi Sam Ong / Jatujak / Dansingkorn / Mukdahan / All MarketsOrchidaceae
Acampe papilosa (Lindl.) Lind. / 0 / 2 (0) / 0 / 0 / 2 (0)
A. praemorsa (Roxb.) Blatt & McCann / 0 / 6 (0.01) / 0 / 0 / 6 (0.01)
A. spp. / 2 (0.02) / 214 (0.39) / 12 (0.06) / 22 (0.18) / 250 (0.27)
Acanthephippium striatum Lindl. / 0 / 4 (0.01) / 0 / 0 / 4 (0)
Acriopsis liliifolia (J.Koenig) Ormerod / 3 (0.04) / 0 / 3 (0.02) / 0 / 6 (0.01)
A. spp. / 5 (0.06) / 32 (0.06) / 6 (0.03) / 0 / 43 (0.05)
Adenoncos parviflora Ridl. / 0 / 4 (0.01) / 0 / 0 / 4 (0)
Aerides crassifolia C.S.P.Parish ex Burb. / 0 / 2 (0) / 0 / 5 (0.04) / 7 (0.01)
A. falcata Lindl. & Paxton / 0 / 106 (0.19) / 10 (0.05) / 0 / 116 (0.12)
A. flabellate Rolfe ex Downey / 0 / 8 (0.01) / 0 / 0 / 8 (0.01)
A. houlettiana Rchb.f. / 0 / 158 (0.29) / 46 (0.25) / 0 / 204 (0.22)
A. multiflora Roxb. / 0 / 213 (0.39) / 4 (0.02) / 0 / 217 (0.23)
A. odorata Lour. / 29 (0.35) / 49 (0.09) / 23 (0.12) / 0 / 101 (0.11)
A. retusa (L.) Blume / 0 / 2 (0) / 0 / 0 / 2 (0)
A. rosea Loddiges ex Lindl. & Paxt. / 2 (0.02) / 69 (0.13) / 29 (0.16) / 0 / 100 (0.11)
A. spp. / 174 (2.07) / 2427 (4.41) / 1729 (9.28) / 1658 (13.53) / 5988 (6.35)
Agrostophyllum spp. / 38 (0.45) / 2 (0) / 45 (0.24) / 6 (0.05) / 91 (0.1)
Anoectochilus spp. / 0 / 301 (0.55) / 0 / 0 / 301 (0.32)
Apostasia spp. / 0 / 6 (0.01) / 0 / 0 / 6 (0.01)
Appendicula / Podochilus spp. § / 35 (0.42) / 50 (0.09) / 0 / 0 / 85 (0.09)
Arachnis labrosa (Lindl. ex Paton) Rachb.f. / 0 / 1 (0) / 0 / 0 / 1 (0)
Arundina graminifolia (D. Don) Hochr. / 0 / 25 (0.05) / 10 (0.05) / 150 (1.22) / 185 (0.2)
Ascocentrum ampullaceum (Roxb.) Schltr. / 36 (0.43) / 75 (0.14) / 1 (0.01) / 0 / 112 (0.12)
A. curvifolium (Lindl.) Schltr. / 212 (2.53) / 319 (0.58) / 211 (1.13) / 10 (0.08) / 752 (0.8)
A. garayi Christenson / 0 / 891 (1.62) / 13 (0.07) / 134 (1.09) / 1038 (1.1)
A. pusillum Aver. / 0 / 256 (0.47) / 0 / 0 / 256 (0.27)
A. spp. / 0 / 88 (0.16) / 0 / 0 / 88 (0.09)
Brachycorythis acuta (Rchb.f.) Summerh. / 0 / 7 (0.01) / 0 / 0 / 7 (0.01)
B. neglecta H. Pedersen / 0 / 28 (0.05) / 0 / 0 / 28 (0.03)
B. spp. / 0 / 20 (0.04) / 0 / 0 / 20 (0.02)
Brachypeza laotica (Seidenf.) Seidenf. / 0 / 1 (0) / 0 / 0 / 1 (0)
Bromheadia aporoides Rchb.f. / 0 / 0 / 0 / 3 (0.02) / 3 (0)
B. sp. (sect. Aeschynanthoides) / 0 / 7 (0.01) / 0 / 0 / 7 (0.01)
B. spp. / 0 / 111 (0.2) / 4 (0.02) / 0 / 115 (0.12)
Bulbophyllum affine Lindl. § / 0 / 1 (0) / 0 / 0 / 1 (0)
B. annandalei Ridl. / 0 / 1 (0) / 0 / 0 / 1 (0)
B. apodum J.J. Verm. & P. O’Byrne / 0 / 5 (0.01) / 0 / 0 / 5 (0.01)
B. appendiculatum (Rolfe) J.J. Sm. / 0 / 0 / 2 (0.01) / 0 / 2 (0)
B. auratum (Lindl.) Rchb. f. / 0 / 22 (0.04) / 0 / 0 / 22 (0.02)
B. bicolor Lindl. / 0 / 1 (0) / 0 / 0 / 1 (0)
B. blepharistes Rchb.f. / 148 (1.76) / 169 (0.31) / 106 (0.57) / 77 (0.63) / 500 (0.53)
B. capillipes Parish & Rchb.f. / 0 / 7 (0.01) / 0 / 0 / 7 (0.01)
B. clandestinum Lindl. / 0 / 58 (0.11) / 0 / 0 / 58 (0.0)
B. comosum Collett & Hemsl. / 0 / 2 (0) / 0 / 0 / 2 (0)
B. corolliferum J.J. Sm. / 0 / 5 (0.03) / 0 / 0 / 5 (0)
B. crassipes Hook.f. / 0 / 17 (0.03) / 0 / 0 / 17 (0.02)
B. dayanum Rchb.f. / 0 / 103 (0.19) / 0 / 0 / 103 (0.11)
B. dhaninivatii. Seidenf. / 0 / 1 (0) / 0 / 0 / 1 (0)
B. dissitiflorum Seidenf. / 0 / 5 (0.01) / 0 / 0 / 5 (0.01)
B. flabellum-veneris (J. Koenig) Aver. / 0 / 8 (0.01) / 0 / 0 / 8 (0.01)
B. gracillimum (Rolfe) Rolfe / 0 / 1 (0) / 0 / 0 / 1 (0)
B. grandiflorum Blume / 0 / 48 (0.09) / 0 / 0 / 48 (0.05)
B. hirtum (Sm.) Lindl. ex Wall. / 0 / 3 (0.01) / 0 / 0 / 3 (0)
B. lasiochilum Parish & Rchb.f. / 0 / 24 (0.04) / 0 / 0 / 24 (0.03)
B. lemniscatoides Rolfe / 0 / 6 (0.01) / 0 / 0 / 6 (0.01)
B. aff. limbatum Lindl. / 0 / 1 (0) / 0 / 0 / 1 (0)
B. lindleyanum Griff. / 0 / 56 (0.1) / 0 / 0 / 56 (0.06)
B. lobbii Lindl. / 0 / 1 (0) / 0 / 0 / 1 (0)
B. longissimum (Ridl.) JJ.Sm. / 0 / 13 (0.02) / 0 / 0 / 13 (0.01)
B. macranthum Lindl. / 0 / 0 / 8 (0.04) / 0 / 8 (0.01)
B. micropetaliforme Leite / 2 (0.02) / 0 / 0 / 0 / 2 (0)
B. muscarirubrum Siedenf. / 0 / 5 (0.01) / 0 / 0 / 5 (0.01)
B. odoratissimum (J.E.Sm.) Lindl. / 0 / 27 (0.05) / 0 / 0 / 27 (0.03)
B. orectopetalum Garay, Hamer & Siegerist / 0 / 3 (0.01) / 0 / 0 / 3 (0)
B. patens King / 0 / 1 (0) / 0 / 0 / 1 (0)
B. cf. peninsulare Seidenf. / 0 / 0 / 1 (0) / 0 / 1 (0)
B. picturatum Lodd. ex Lindl. / 0 / 6 (0.01) / 0 / 0 / 6 (0.01)
B. planibulbe (Ridl.) Ridl. / 0 / 71 (0.13) / 16 (0.09) / 0 / 87 (0.09)
B. psittacoglossum Rchb.f. / 0 / 148 (0.27) / 0 / 0 / 148 (0.16)
B. pulchellum Ridl. / 0 / 2 (0) / 0 / 0 / 2 (0)
B. cf. pulchellum J.J. Sm. / 0 / 1 (0) / 0 / 0 / 1 (0)
B. refractum Rchb.f. / 0 / 75 (0.14) / 0 / 0 / 75 (0.08)
B. repens Griff. / 0 / 22 (0.04) / 0 / 0 / 22 (0.02)
B. retusiusculum Rchb.f. / 0 / 1 (0) / 0 / 0 / 1 (0)
B. sicyobulbon C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f. / 0 / 0 / 3 (0.02 / 0 / 3 (0)
B. smitinandii Seidenf. & Thorut / 0 / 1 (0) / 0 / 0 / 1 (0)
B. subtenellum Seidenf. / 0 / 1 (0) / 0 / 0 / 1 (0)
B. sukhakulii Schoser & Senghas / 0 / 0 / 1 (0.01) / 0 / 1 (0)
B. sutepense (Rolfe ex Downie) Seidenf. / 0 / 2 (0) / 0 / 0 / 2 (0)
B. tricorne Seidenf. & Smitin. / 0 / 25 (0.05) / 0 / 0 / 25 (0.03)
B. wallichii Rchb.f. / 0 / 2 (0) / 0 / 0 / 2 (0)
B. wendlandianum (Kraenzl.) Dammer / 0 / 10 (0.02) / 0 / 0 / 10 (0.01)
B. sp. (sect. Cirrhopetalum) / 0 / 58 (0.11) / 0 / 0 / 58 (0.06)
B. sp. (sect. Racemosae) / 0 / 2 (0) / 0 / 0 / 2 (0)
B. spp. / 0 / 216 (2.34) / 1667 (3.04) / 180 (0.97) / 146 (1.00)
Calanthe rubens Ridl. / 0 / 20 (0.04) / 0 / 0 / 20 (0.02)
C. vestita Lindl. / 0 / 1 (0) / 20 (0.11) / 0 / 21 (0.02)
C. spp. / 441 (5.26) / 125 (0.23) / 6 (0.03) / 0 / 572 (0.61)
Chamaeanthus brachystachys Schltr. / 0 / 0 / 1 (0) / 0 / 1 (0)
Ceratostylis pleurothallis (Par. & Rchb.f.) Seidenf. / 0 / 0 / 4 (0.02) / 0 / 4 (0)
C. spp. / 0 / 1 (0) / 0 / 0 / 1 (0)
Chiloschista lunifera (Rchb. f.) J.J. Smith / 0 / 2 (0) / 0 / 0 / 2 (0)
C. parishii Rchb.f. / 120 (1.43) / 8 (0.01) / 51 (0.27) / 0 / 186 (0.2)
C. ramifera Seidenf. / 0 / 0 / 3 (0.02) / 0 / 3 (0)
C. usneoides (D. Don) Lindl. / 0 / 0 / 7 (0.04) / 0 / 7 (0.01)
C. viridiflava Seidenf. / 0 / 38 (0.07) / 0 / 0 / 38 (0.04)
C. spp. / 20 (0.24) / 423 (0.77) / 51 (0.27) / 17 (0.14) / 511 (0.54)
Cleisomeria pilosulum (Gangep.) Seidenf. & Garay / 0 / 5 (0.01) / 0 / 0 / 5 (0.01)
C. spp. / 0 / 16 (0.03) / 0 / 0 / 16 (0.02)
Cleisostoma arietinum (Rchb.f.) Garay / 0 / 317 (0.58) / 145 (0.78) / 120 (0.98) / 582 (0.62)
C. crochetii (Guillaumin) Garay / 0 / 95 (0.17) / 0 / 0 / 95 (0.1)
C. chantaburiense Seidenf. / 0 / 1 (0) / 0 / 0 / 1 (0)
C. complicatum (Seidenf.) Garay / 1 (0.01) / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 (0)
C. filiforme (Lindl.) Garay / 0 / 1 (0) / 0 / 0 / 1 (0)
C. fuerstenberianum Krzl. / 0 / 2 (0) / 0 / 8 (0.07) / 10 (0.01)
C. kerrii Seidenf. / 0 / 0 / 1 (0.01) / 0 / 1 (0)
C. racemiferum (Lindl.) Garay / 1 (0.01) / 15 (0.03) / 0 / 0 / 16 (0.02)
C. rolfeanum (King & Pantling) Garay / 0 / 0 / 60 (0.32) / 0 / 60 (0.06)
C. simondii (Gagnep.) Seidenf. / 0 / 12 (0.02) / 0 / 0 / 12 (0.01)
C. subulatum Blume / 0 / 0 / 1 (0.01) / 0 / 1 (0)
C. williamsonii (Rchb. f.) Garay / 1 (0.01) / 2 (0) / 0 / 0 / 3 (0)
C. spp. / 131 (1.56) / 680 (1.23) / 103 (0.55) / 124 (1.01) / 1038 (1.1)
Coelogyne calcicola A.F.G. Kerr. / 0 / 120 (0.22) / 0 / 0 / 120 (0.13)
C. cumingii Lindl. / 0 / 1 (0) / 0 / 0 / 1 (0)
C. eberhardtii Gagnep. / 0 / 1 (0) / 0 / 0 / 1 (0)
C. fimbriata Lindl. / 0 / 23 (0.04) / 0 / 0 / 23 (0.02)
C. fuscecens Lindl. / 0 / 50 (0.09) / 0 / 0 / 50 (0.05)
C. lacteata Rchb.f. / 0 / 1 (0) / 0 / 0 / 1 (0)
C. lawrenceana Rolfe / 0 / 15 (0.03) / 0 / 0 / 15 (0.02)
C. nitida Lindl. / 0 / 36 (0.07) / 0 / 0 / 36 (0.04)
C. ovalis Lindl. / 0 / 8 (0.01) / 0 / 0 / 8 (0.01)
C. pulverula Teijsm. & Binn. / 0 / 4 (0.01) / 0 / 0 / 4 (0)
C. rochussenii de Vriese / 0 / 1 (0) / 0 / 0 / 1 (0)
C. trinervis Lindl. / 0 / 4 (0.01) / 0 / 0 / 4 (0)
C. viscosa Rchb.f. / 0 / 2 (0) / 0 / 0 / 2 (0)
C. spp. / 125 (1.49) / 496 (0.9) / 153 (0.82) / 107 (0.87) / 881 (0.93)
Crepidium calophyllum (Rchb.f.) Szlach. § / 0 / 10 (0.02) / 0 / 0 / 10 (0.01)
C. mackinnonii (Duthi) Szlach. / 0 / 3 (0.01) / 0 / 0 / 3 (0)
C. spp. / 0 / 10 (0.02) / 0 / 0 / 10 (0.01)
Cymbidium aloifolium (L.) Sw. / 0 / 0 / 25 (0.13) / 11 (0.09) / 36 (0.04)
C. ensifolium (L.) Sw. / 0 / 15 (0.03) / 0 / 0 / 15 (0.02)
C. dayanum Rchb.f. / 0 / 0 / 2 (0.01) / 0 / 2 (0)
C. findlaysonianum Wall. ex Lindl. / 0 / 0 / 58 (0.31) / 0 / 58 (0.06)
C. lowianum Rchb.f. / 0 / 9 (0.02) / 0 / 0 / 9 (0.01)
C. mastersii Griff. ex Lindl. / 0 / 4 (0.01) / 0 / 0 / 4 (0)
C. tracyanum L. Castle / 0 / 2 (0) / 0 / 0 / 2 (0)
C. spp. / 195 (2.33) / 511 (0.93) / 216 (1.16) / 168 (1.37) / 1090 (1.16)
Dendrobium acerosum Lindl. § / 0 / 2 (0) / 6 (0.03) / 0 / 8 (0.01)
D. aciculare Lindl. / 0 / 15 (0.03) / 0 / 0 / 15 (0.02)
D. aduncum Wall. ex. Lindl. / 0 / 2 (0) / 0 / 0 / 2 (0)
D. cf. aduncum Wall. ex. Lindl. / 0 / 2 (0) / 0 / 0 / 2 (0)
D. albosanguineum Lindl. & Paxton / 17 (0.2) / 180 (0.33) / 4 (0.02) / 0 / 201 (0.21)
D. angulatum Lindl. / 3 (0.04) / 1 (0) / 6 (0.03) / 0 / 10 (0.01)
D. anosmum Lindl. / 0 / 49 (0.09) / 19 (0.1) / 73 (0.6) / 141 (0.15)
D. aphyllum (Roxb.) C.E.C.Fisch. / 0 / 12 (0.02) / 14 (0.08) / 0 / 26 (0.03)
D. bellatulum Rolfe / 0 / 290 (0.53) / 0 / 0 / 290 (0.31)
D. blumeii Lindl. / 0 / 22 (0.04) / 2 (0.01) / 0 / 24 (0.03)
D. brymerianum Rchb.f. / 0 / 20 (0.04) / 0 / 0 / 20 (0.02)
D. brymerianum Rchb.f. / 0 / 51 (0.09) / 30 (0.16) / 0 / 81 (0.09)
D. calicopsis Ridl. / 1 (0.01) / 1 (0) / 0 / 0 / 2 (0)
D. capillipes Rchb.f. / 0 / 577 (1.05) / 21 (0.11) / 9 (0.07) / 607 (0.64)
D. cariniferum Rchb.f. / 0 / 91 (0.17) / 1 (0.01) / 28 (0.23) / 120 (0.13)
D. carnosum Blume & Bijdr. / 0 / 1 (0) / 0 / 0 / 1 (0)
D. chittimae Seidenf. / 0 / 2 (0) / 3 (0.02) / 0 / 5 (0.01)
D. christyanum Rchb.f. / 0 / 119 (0.22) / 23 (0.12) / 110 (0.9) / 252 (0.27)
D. chrysanthum Wall. ex Lindl. / 0 / 2 (0) / 0 / 0 / 2 (0)
D. chrysotoxum Lindl. / 317 (3.78) / 2270 (4.13) / 438 (2.35) / 699 (5.7) / 3724 (3.95)
D. connatum (Blume) Lindl. / 0 / 10 (0.02) / 0 / 0 / 10 (0.01)
D. crepidatum Lindl. & Paxton / 0 / 2 (0) / 38 (0.2) / 65 (0.53) / 105 (0.11)
D. crumentaum Sw. / 0 / 1 (0) / 3 (0.02) / 0 / 4 (0)
D. crystallinum Rchb.f. / 0 / 5 (0.01) / 0 / 7 (0.06) / 12 (0.01)
D. cumulatum Lindl. / 0 / 8 (0.01) / 0 / 0 / 8 (0.01)
D. cuspidatum Lindl. / 0 / 2 (0) / 0 / 0 / 2 (0)
D. delacourii Guillaumin / 0 / 252 (0.46) / 0 / 14 (0.11) / 266 (0.28)
D. devonianum Paxton / 0 / 5 (0.01) / 10 (0.05) / 0 / 15 (0.02)
D. draconis Rchb.f. / 0 / 242 (0.44) / 0 / 32 (0.26) / 274 (0.29)
D. eliotianum P. O'Byrne / 2 (0.02) / 20 (0.04) / 0 / 0 / 22 (0.02)
D. ellipsophyllum Tang & F.T. Wang / 0 / 6 (0.01) / 0 / 0 / 6 (0.01)
D. cf. ellipsophyllum Tang & F.T. Wang / 0 / 1 (0) / 0 / 0 / 1 (0)
D. falconeri Hook. / 0 / 184 (0.33) / 52 (0.28) / 139 (1.13) / 375 (0.4)
D. farmeri Paxton / 8 (0.1) / 7 (0.01) / 3 (0.02) / 0 / 18 (0.02)
D. findlayanum C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f. / 0 / 664 (1.21) / 58 (0.31) / 55 (0.45) / 777 (0.82)
D. formosum Roxb. ex. Lindl. / 14 (0.17) / 102 (0.19) / 94 (0.5) / 0 / 210 (0.22)
D. friedericksianum Rchb.f. / 0 / 1 (0) / 0 / 0 / 1 (0)
D. friedericksianum Rchb.f. / 0 / 9 (0.02) / 0 / 0 / 9 (0.01)
D. gibsonii Paxton / 0 / 1 (0) / 0 / 0 / 1 (0)
D. gratiosissimum Rchb.f. / 0 / 67 (0.12) / 81 (0.43) / 1 (0.01) / 149 (0.16)
D. griffithianum Lindl. / 2 (0.02) / 7 (0.01) / 0 / 0 / 9 (0.01)
D. hercoglossum Rchb.f. / 0 / 10 (0.02) / 0 / 0 / 10 (0.01)
D. heterocarpum Wall. ex Lindl. / 0 / 32 (0.06) / 0 / 0 / 32 (0.03)
D. hymenanthum Rchb.f. / 0 / 0 / 1 (0.01) / 0 / 1 (0)
D. cf. incurvum Lindl. / 0 / 2 (0) / 0 / 0 / 2 (0)
D. indivisum Seidenf. / 0 / 87 (0.16) / 0 / 0 / 87 (0.09)
D. infundibulum Lindl. / 0 / 0 / 11 (0.06) / 0 / 11 (0.01)
D. jenkinsii Wall. ex Lindl. / 0 / 11 (0.02) / 155 (0.83) / 34 (0.28) / 200 (0.21)
D. keithii Ridl. / 1 (0.01) / 3 (0.01) / 19 (0.1) / 0 / 23 (0.02)
D. lampongense J.J. Smith / 0 / 4 (0.01) / 0 / 0 / 4 (0)
D. lamyaiae Seidenf. / 0 / 22 (0.04) / 0 / 0 / 22 (0.02)
D. leonis Rchb.f. / 0 / 2 (0) / 0 / 0 / 2 (0)
D. lindleyi Steud. / 151 (1.8) / 2468 (4.49) / 240 (1.29) / 540 (4.41) / 3399 (3.61)
D. linguella Rchb.f. / 0 / 2 (0) / 0 / 0 / 2 (0)
D. lituiflorum Lindl. / 0 / 10 (0.02) / 3 (0.02) / 0 / 13 (0.01)
D. moschatum (Buch.-Ham.) Sw. / 0 / 2 (0) / 8 (0.04) / 0 / 10 (0.01)
D. nathanielis Rchb.f. / 0 / 7 (0.01) / 0 / 0 / 7 (0.01)
D. nobile Lindl. / 0 / 77 (0.14) / 12 (0.06) / 5 (0.04) / 94 (0.1)
D. ochreatum Lindl. / 0 / 15 (0.03) / 0 / 0 / 15 (0.02)
D. oligophyllum Gagnep. / 0 / 18 (0.03) / 0 / 0 / 18 (0.02)
D. pachyglossum Par. & Rchb.f. / 20 (0.24) / 0 / 25 (0.13) / 0 / 45 (0.05)
D. pachyphyllum (Kuntze) Bakh.f. / 0 / 200 (0.36) / 34 (0.18) / 0 / 234 (0.25)
D. palpebrae Lindl. / 3 (0.04) / 8 (0.01) / 1 (0.01) / 0 / 12 (0.01)
D. parciflorum Rchb.f. ex. Lindl. / 0 / 27 (0.05) / 0 / 0 / 27 (0.03)
D. parcum Rchb.f. / 0 / 15 (0.03) / 0 / 0 / 15 (0.02)
D. parishii H.Low / 0 / 181 (0.33) / 85 (0.46) / 25 (0.2) / 291 (0.31)
D. pendulum Roxb. / 0 / 14 (0.03) / 0 / 83 (0.68) / 97 (0.1)
D. penguanum Lindl. / 0 / 345 (0.63) / 0 / 0 / 345 (0.37)