Supplementary file 1: References for 200 included trials
[1-200]
1. Adamo KB, Rutherford JA, Goldfield GS: Effects of interactive video game cycling on overweight and obese adolescent health. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, & Metabolism = Physiologie Appliquee, Nutrition et Metabolisme 2010, 35:805-815
2. Atabek ME, Pirgon O: Use of metformin in obese adolescents with hyperinsulinemia: a 6-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology 2008, 21:339-348
3. Bean MK, Mazzeo SE, Stern M, Bowen D, Ingersoll K: A values-based Motivational Interviewing (MI) intervention for pediatric obesity: Study design and methods for MI Values. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2011, 32 (5):667-674.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2011.04.010
4. Berkowitz RI, Fujioka K, Daniels SR, Hoppin AG, Owen S, Perry AC, Sothern MS, Renz CL, Pirner MA, Walch JK, et al: Effects of sibutramine treatment in obese adolescents: A randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine 2006, 145 (2):81-90
5. Burgert TS, Duran EJ, Goldberg-Gell R, Dziura J, Yeckel CW, Katz S, Tamborlane WV, Caprio S: Short-term metabolic and cardiovascular effects of metformin in markedly obese adolescents with normal glucose tolerance. Pediatric Diabetes 2008, 9:567-576
6. Carrel AL, Clark RR, Peterson SE, Nemeth BA, Sullivan J, Allen DB: Improvement of fitness, body composition, and insulin sensitivity in overweight children in a school-based exercise program: a randomized, controlled study. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 2005, 159:963-968
7. Chang C, Liu W, Zhao X, Li S, Yu C: Effect of supervised exercise intervention on metabolic risk factors and physical fitness in Chinese obese children in early puberty. Obesity Reviews 2008, 9 Suppl 1:135-141
8. Clarson CL, Mahmud FH, Baker JE, Clark HE, McKay WM, Schauteet VD, Hill DJ: Metformin in combination with structured lifestyle intervention improved body mass index in obese adolescents, but did not improve insulin resistance. Endocrine 2009, 36:141-146
9. Daniels SR, Long B, Crow S, Styne D, Sothern M, Vargas-Rodriguez I, Harris L, Walch J, Jasinsky O, Cwik K, et al: Cardiovascular effects of sibutramine in the treatment of obese adolescents: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Pediatrics 2007, 120:e147-157
10. Danielsson P, Janson A, Norgren S, Marcus C: Impact sibutramine therapy in children with hypothalamic obesity or obesity with aggravating syndromes. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2007, 92:4101-4106
11. Duckworth LC, Gately PJ, Radley D, Cooke CB, King RF, Hill AJ: RCT of a high-protein diet on hunger motivation and weight-loss in obese children: an extension and replication. In Obesity (Silver Spring, Md). pp. 1808-1810; 2009:1808-1810.
12. Elmahgoub SM, Lambers S, Stegen S, Van Laethem C, Cambier D, Calders P: The influence of combined exercise training on indices of obesity, physical fitness and lipid profile in overweight and obese adolescents with mental retardation. European Journal of Pediatrics 2009, 168:1327-1333
13. Freemark M, Bursey D: The effects of metformin on body mass index and glucose tolerance in obese adolescents with fasting hyperinsulinemia and a family history of type 2 diabetes. Pediatrics 2001, 107:E55
14. Golley RK, Magarey AM, Baur LA, Steinbeck KS, Daniels LA: Twelve-month effectiveness of a parent-led, family-focused weight-management program for prepubertal children: a randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics 2007, 119:517-525
15. Janicke DM, Lim CS, Perri MG, Bobroff LB, Mathews AE, Brumback BA, Dumont-Driscoll M, Silverstein JH: The Extension Family Lifestyle Intervention Project (E-FLIP for Kids): design and methods. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2011, 32:50-58
16. Jansen E, Mulkens S, Jansen A: Tackling childhood overweight: treating parents exclusively is effective. International Journal of Obesity 2011, 35:501-509
17. Jelalian E, Lloyd-Richardson EE, Mehlenbeck RS, Hart CN, Flynn-O'Brien K, Kaplan J, Neill M, Wing RR: Behavioral weight control treatment with supervised exercise or peer-enhanced adventure for overweight adolescents. Journal of Pediatrics 2010, 157:923-928.e921
18. Kay JP, Alemzadeh R, Langley G, D'Angelo L, Smith P, Holshouser S: Beneficial effects of metformin in normoglycemic morbidly obese adolescents. Metabolism: Clinical & Experimental 2001, 50:1457-1461
19. Lau PWC, Yu CW, Lee A, Sung RYT: The physiological and psychological effects of resistance training on Chinese obese adolescents. Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness 2004, 2:115-120
20. Magarey AM, Perry RA, Baur LA, Steinbeck KS, Sawyer M, Hills AP, Wilson G, Lee A, Daniels LA: A parent-led family-focused treatment program for overweight children aged 5 to 9 years: the PEACH RCT. Pediatrics 2011, 127:214-222
21. McDuffie JR, Calis KA, Uwaifo GI, Sebring NG, Fallon EM, Frazer TE, Van Hubbard S, Yanovski JA: Efficacy of orlistat as an adjunct to behavioral treatment in overweight African American and Caucasian adolescents with obesity-related co-morbid conditions. Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology 2004, 17:307-319
22. Mellin LM, Slinkard LA, Irwin CE, Jr.: Adolescent obesity intervention: validation of the SHAPEDOWN program. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 1987, 87:333-338
23. O'Connor J, Steinbeck K, Hill A, Booth M, Kohn M, Shah S, Baur L: Evaluation of a community-based weight management program for overweight and obese adolescents: the Loozit study. Nutrition & Dietetics 2008, 65:121-127.http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-0080.2008.00222.x
24. Ornstein RM, Copperman NM, Jacobson MS: Effect of Weight Loss on Menstrual Function in Adolescents with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology 2011, 24 (3):161-165.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2011.01.002
25. Ounis OB, Elloumi M, Amri M, Zbidi A, Tabka Z, Lac G: Impact of diet, exercise and diet combined with exercise programs on plasma lipoprotein and adiponectin levels in obese girls. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine 2008, 7:437-445
26. Resnicow K, Taylor R, Baskin M, McCarty F: Results of go girls: a weight control program for overweight African-American adolescent females. Obesity Research 2005, 13:1739-1748
27. Rudolf M, Christie D, McElhone S, Sahota P, Dixey R, Walker J, Wellings C: WATCH IT: a community based programme for obese children and adolescents. Archives of Disease in Childhood 2006, 91:736-739
28. Saelens BE, Grow HM, Stark LJ, Seeley RJ, Roehrig H: Efficacy of increasing physical activity to reduce children's visceral fat: A pilot randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Pediatric Obesity 2011, 6 (2):102-112.http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17477166.2010.482157
29. Senediak C, Spence SH: Rapid versus gradual scheduling of therapeutic contact in a family based behavioural weight control programme for children. In Behav Psychother. pp. 265-287; 1985:265-287.
30. Srinivasan S, Ambler GR, Baur LA, Garnett SP, Tepsa M, Yap F, Ward GM, Cowell CT: Randomized, controlled trial of metformin for obesity and insulin resistance in children and adolescents: improvement in body composition and fasting insulin. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2006, 91:2074-2080
31. Sun M-X, Huang X-Q, Yan Y, Li B-W, Zhong W-J, Chen J-F, Zhang Y-M, Wang Z-Z, Wang L, Shi X-C, et al: One-hour after-school exercise ameliorates central adiposity and lipids in overweight Chinese adolescents: a randomized controlled trial. Chinese Medical Journal 2011, 124:323-329
32. Taveras EM, Gortmaker SL, Hohman KH, Horan CM, Kleinman KP, Mitchell K, Price S, Prosser LA, Rifas-Shiman SL, Gillman MW: Randomized controlled trial to improve primary care to prevent and manage childhood obesity the high five for kids study. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 2011, 165 (8):714-722.http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.44
33. Tsang TW, Kohn M, Chow C, Singh MF: A randomised placebo-exercise controlled trial of Kung Fu training for improvements in body composition in overweight/obese adolescents: the "martial fitness" study. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine 2009, 8:97-106
34. Warschburger P, Fromme C, Petermann F, Wojtalla N, Oepen J: Conceptualisation and evaluation of a cognitive-behavioural training programme for children and adolescents with obesity. International Journal of Obesity & Related Metabolic Disorders: Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity 2001, 25 Suppl 1:S93-95
35. Wilson AJ, Prapavessis H, Jung ME, Cramp AG, Vascotto J, Lenhardt L, Shoemaker JK, Watson M, Robinson T, Clarson CL: Lifestyle modification and metformin as long-term treatment options for obese adolescents: study protocol. BMC Public Health 2009, 9:434
36. Albala C, Ebbeling CB, Cifuentes M, Lera L, Bustos N, Ludwig DS: Effects of replacing the habitual consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages with milk in Chilean children. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2008, 88:605-611
37. Andelman MB, Jones C, Nathan S: Treatment of obesity in underprivileged adolescents. Comparison of diethylpropion hydrochloride with placebo in a double-blind study. Clinical Pediatrics 1967, 6:327-330
38. Aragona J, Cassady J, Drabman RS: Treating overweight children through parental training and contingency contracting. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 1975, 8:269-278
39. Bacon GE, Lowrey GH: A clinical trial of fenfluramine in obese children. Current Therapeutic Research, Clinical & Experimental 1967, 9:626-630
40. Barkin SL, Gesell SB, Poe EK, Ip EH: Changing overweight Latino preadolescent body mass index: the effect of the parent-child dyad. Clinical Pediatrics 2011, 50:29-36
41. Bathrellou E, Yannakoulia M, Papanikolaou K, Pehlivanidis A, Pervanidou P, Kanaka-Gantenbein C, Tokou I, Tsiantis J, Chrousos GP, Sidossis LS: Parental involvement does not augment the effectiveness of an intense behavioral program for the treatment of childhood obesity. Hormones 2010, 9:171-175
42. Bauer S, de Niet J, Timman R, Kordy H: Enhancement of care through self-monitoring and tailored feedback via text messaging and their use in the treatment of childhood overweight. Patient Education & Counseling 2010, 79:315-319
43. Berkowitz RI, Wadden TA, Gehrman CA, Bishop-Gilyard CT, Moore RH, Womble LG, Cronquist JL, Trumpikas NL, Katz LEL, Xanthopoulos MS: Meal replacements in the treatment of adolescent obesity: a randomized controlled trial. Obesity 2011, 19:1193-1199
44. Berkowitz RI, Wadden TA, Tershakovec AM, Cronquist JL: Behavior therapy and sibutramine for the treatment of adolescent obesity: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003, 289:1805-1812
45. Berry D, Savoye M, Melkus G, Grey M: An intervention for multiethnic obese parents and overweight children. Applied Nursing Research 2007, 20:63-71
46. Boutelle KN, Cafri G, Crow SJ: Parent-only treatment for childhood obesity: A randomized controlled trial. Obesity 2011, 19 (3):574-580.http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/oby.2010.238
47. Bravender T, Russell A, Chung RJ, Armstrong SC: A "novel" intervention: a pilot study of children's literature and healthy lifestyles. Pediatrics 2010, 125:e513-517
48. Brownell KD, Kelman JH, Stunkard AJ: Treatment of obese children with and without their mothers: changes in weight and blood pressure. Pediatrics 1983, 71:515-523
49. Chandra RK: Obesity in childhood--a clinical trial of low-calorie "limical". Indian Journal of Pediatrics 1968, 35:23-26
50. Chanoine JP, Hampl S, Jensen C, Boldrin M, Hauptman J: Effect of orlistat on weight and body composition in obese adolescents: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association 2005, 293 (23):2873-2883.http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.293.23.2873
51. Coates TJ, Jeffery RW, Slinkard LA, et al.: Frequency of contact and monetary reward in weight loss, lipid change, and blood pressure reduction with adolescents. In Behav Ther. pp. 175-185; 1982:175-185.
52. Coppins DF, Margetts BM, Fa JL, Brown M, Garrett F, Huelin S: Effectiveness of a multi-disciplinary family-based programme for treating childhood obesity (The Family Project). European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2011, 65:903-909.http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2011.43
53. Davis AM, James RL, Boles RE, Goetz JR, Belmont J, Malone B: The use of TeleMedicine in the treatment of paediatric obesity: feasibility and acceptability. Maternal & Child Nutrition 2011, 7:71-79.http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8709.2010.00248.x
54. Davis JN, Tung A, Chak SS, Ventura EE, Byrd-Williams CE, Alexander KE, Lane CJ, Weigensberg MJ, Spruijt-Metz D, Goran MI: Aerobic and strength training reduces adiposity in overweight Latina adolescents. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 2009, 41:1494-1503
55. Demol S, Yackobovitch-Gavan M, Shalitin S, Nagelberg N, Gillon-Keren M, Phillip M: Low-carbohydrate (low & high-fat) versus high-carbohydrate low-fat diets in the treatment of obesity in adolescents. Acta Paediatrica 2009, 98:346-351
56. Diaz RG, Esparza-Romero J, Moya-Camarena SY, Robles-Sardin AE, Valencia ME: Lifestyle intervention in primary care settings improves obesity parameters among Mexican youth. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 2010, 110:285-290
57. Doyle AC, Goldschmidt A, Huang C, Winzelberg AJ, Taylor CB, Wilfley DE: Reduction of overweight and eating disorder symptoms via the Internet in adolescents: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Adolescent Health 2008, 43:172-179
58. Duffy G, Spence SH: The effectiveness of cognitive self-management as an adjunct to a behavioural intervention for childhood obesity: a research note. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry & Allied Disciplines 1993, 34:1043-1050
59. Duggins M, Cherven P, Carrithers J, Messamore J, Harvey A: Impact of family YMCA membership on childhood obesity: a randomized controlled effectiveness trial. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine: JABFM 2010, 23:323-333
60. Dunshea-Mooij C, Wall C, King C: "Games Galore"; a feasibility study to investigate the effect of a physical activity and a nutrition education programme for 10-14 year old New Zealand overweight and obese children. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society of New Zealand 2003, 28:71-74
61. Ebbeling CB, Leidig MM, Sinclair KB, Hangen JP, Ludwig DS: A reduced-glycemic load diet in the treatment of adolescent obesity. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 2003, 157:773-779
62. Edwards C, Nicholls D, Croker H, Van Zyl S, Viner R, Wardle J: Family-based behavioural treatment of obesity: Acceptability and effectiveness in the UK. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2006, 60 (5):587-592.http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602353
63. Elloumi M, Makni E, Ounis OB, Zbidi A, Lac G, Tabka Z: Six-minute walking test to assess exercise tolerance in Tunisian obese adolescents over two-months individualized program training. Science et Sports 2007, 22:289-292.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scispo.2007.09.001
64. Epstein LH, et al.: Effects of family-based behavioral treatment on obese 5-to-8-year-old children. Behavior Therapy 1985, 16:205-212.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894%2885%2980046-0
65. Epstein LH, McKenzie SJ, Valoski A, Klein KR, Wing RR: Effects of mastery criteria and contingent reinforcement for family-based child weight control. Addictive Behaviors 1994, 19:135-145
66. Epstein LH, Nudelman S, Wing RR: Long-term effects of family-based treatment for obesity on nontreated family members. Behavior Therapy 1987, 18:147-152.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894%2887%2980038-2
67. Epstein LH, Paluch RA, Beecher MD, Roemmich JN: Increasing healthy eating vs. reducing high energy-dense foods to treat pediatric obesity. Obesity 2008, 16:318-326
68. Epstein LH, Paluch RA, Gordy CC, Dorn J: Decreasing sedentary behaviors in treating pediatric obesity. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 2000, 154:220-226
69. Epstein LH, Paluch RA, Gordy CC, Saelens BE, Ernst MM: Problem solving in the treatment of childhood obesity. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology 2000, 68:717-721