Supplemental Table 8. Studies Reporting the Prevalence of Lung Disease in Multiple Sclerosis

Supplemental Table 8. Studies reporting the prevalence of lung disease in multiple sclerosis

Study
(Year) / Region/
Sub-Region / Source/ Population / Prevalence Day/Period / Diagnostic Criteria: MS/ Established By / Diagnostic Criteria: lung disease/ Established By / Crude Overall Prevalence
(95%CI) / Age-Standardized Overall Prevalence
(95%CI) / Crude Prevalence
(95%CI) / Standardized Prevalence (95%CI) / Quality Score
Males / Females / Males / Females
Bergamaschi40 (2009) / Italy/
Pavia / MS Centre of the Neurological Institute Mondino of Pavia/ Only neurological centre in Pavia / 2001 / McDonald criteria and regular check-ups at the MS centre / ECRH II questionnaire. Asthmatic status defined as the presence of an attack of asthma in the last 12 months and/or current use of asthma medication. Epidemiologist blinded to person's status determined the classification / Asthma
4/200 = 2% / NR / NR / NR / NR / NR / 5/8
Buchanan35
(2006) / United States / Randomly selected from NMSS membership / Oct 2004-Jan 2005 / Mailed Survey / Telephone survey/ Mailed survey / Asthma
Urban
9.4%
Adjacent rural 8.5%
Remote rural 8.8% / NR / NR / NR / NR / NR / 2/9
Christiansen10
(2010) / Denmark / DNRP / 1977-2006 / ICD-10 G35.9, ICD-8 340 (prior to 1993) / ICD codes not specified / COPD: 86/13,963 = 0.62% / NR / NR / NR / NR / NR / 6/8
Dallmeijer36
(2009) / Netherlands/ Amsterdam / Newly diagnosed MS, source NR / NR / NR / CIRS (self-report) / Respiratory
8/146 = 5.48% / NR / NR / NR / NR / NR / 2/9
Edwards14
(2004) / England/ Nottingham / Outpatient MS clinic / NR / MS outpatient clinic database / Registry/Clinical Database/Chart Review / Asthma:
51/658 = 7.75% / NR / NR / NR / NR / NR / 2/8
Finlayson37
(2013) / United States/
Illinois / Community-dwelling recruited from advertisements / NR / Self-report / Self-report / Respiratory problems
19/178 = 9.55% / NR / NR / NR / NR / NR / 2/9
Fleming41
(1994) / United States / Hospitalized Medicare MS population,
age ≥ 65 years / 1989 / ICD-9-CM code 340 as primary or secondary discharge diagnosis / Administrative data code (code NR) / Chronic airway obstruction NEC
4.58/100, Respiratory failure
1.30/100 / NR / NR / NR / NR / NR / 4/8
Hemminki42 (2012) / Sweden / Swedish Hospital Discharge Register / 1964 (some regions) 1986 (nationwide)-2006/ person years calculated from 2000 onwards / Swedish Hospital Discharge Register
ICD9
340l
ICD10
G35 / Swedish Hospital Discharge Register / COPD: 45/33,398 person years = 0.13% / NR / NR / NR / NR / NR / 5/8
Horton17
(2010) / Canada/
Manitoba
United States/
Ohio / Participants recruited from 2 different MS clinics / Oct 2008-Oct 2009 / McDonald 2005; diagnosed by neurologist at MS clinic / The Self-Administered Comorbidity Questionnaire (validated questionnaire).
Validated by medical records data. / Chronic lung disease: 41/404= 10.2% by questionnaire, 32/404= 7.9% by medical records diagnosis / NR / NR / NR / NR / NR / 5/8
Jadidi18
(2013) / Sweden / M&H Co Database, incident MS / 1987-2009 / ICD-8
340
ICD-9
340
ICD-10
G35 / Administrative data codes / COPD
59/7,664 = 0.77% / NR / NR / NR / NR / NR / 5/8
Kang19
(2010) / Taiwan / NHIRD population,
age ≥15 years / 2007 / At least two claims with
ICD-9-CM code
340 in 2007, under care of certified neurologist / ICD-9-CM
COPD
493.2, 496
Allergic asthma 493.0, 493.9
Pulmonary circulation disorders
415, 416.0-416.9, 417.9,
At least one hospitalization or two ambulatory claims / COPD
11/898 = 1.2%, Allergic asthma: 40/898 = 4.5%, Pulmonary circulation disorders 91/898 = 10.1% / NR / NR / NR / NR / NR / 4/8
Karimi43
(2013) / Iran/Tehran / Sina Hospital Department of Neurology/MS patients diagnosed within 2 years prior to study / NR / Sina Hospital Department of Neurology/MS patients diagnosed within 2 years prior to study not treated with corticosteroids or immunomodulatory therapy / Face-to-face interviews / Asthma
1/40 = 2.5% / NR / NR / NR / NR / NR / 3/8
Langer-Gould20
(2010) / United States/ Northern California / KPNC population / 1994- 2005 / Algorithm based on diagnostic codes entered by neurologists and GPs , MS-specific medications, MRI (codes/criteria not specified) / At least two administrative data codes/ KPNC (codes not specified) / Asthma (without COPD) 146/5296 = 2.8% / NR / NR / NR / NR / NR / 6/8
Lindegard22
(1985) / Sweden / Native Swedes born 1911-1940 in Gothenburg / 1970-1979 / ICD
340, 341 inpatient records / ICD
Asthma
493
Pneumonia
480-486 / Asthma
Young males
5.7%
Older males 9.3%
Young females
0.0%
Older females
5.3% / NR / Asthma
Young males
5.7%
Older males 9.3% / Asthma Young females 0.0%
Older females
5.3% / NR / NR / 4/8
Marrie24a
a(2008)
Marrie34a
b(2011) / United States / NARCOMS Registry population (volunteers) / October 2006 / Self-report / Online/Mailed Survey / Chronic lung disease
1,147/8,856= 13.0%
At MS Onset 429/8,731= 4.9%
At MS Diagnosis 585/8,731= 6.7% / NR / NR / NR / NR / NR / 5/9
Marrie25
(2013) / Canada/
Manitoba / Entire Manitoba population / Data: April 1, 1984 – March 31, 2006
Prevalence: October 1, 2005 / ICD-9 / Chronic lung disease
ICD-9 ICD-10
≥1 hospital or ≥2 physician or ≥2 prescription claims in a 5 year period
(case definition validated against medical records) / NR / 15.6% (14.3–17.0) / NR / NR / NR / NR / 8/8
Nuyen27
(2006) / Netherlands / DNSGP / 2001 / ICPC code N86 / Consultation with GP during (1-year period). Respiratory disease ICPC codes
R91, R93, R95, R96, R99 / Respiratory
8/241 = 3.3% / NR / NR / NR / NR / NR / 5/8
Pedotti44
(2009) / Italy/ Lombardy region / Lombardi Regional Health Service Register/MS patients registered for the first time in 2003 calendar year / 2003 / McDonald 2001/ Medical expenses for a diagnosis of MS (ICD-9-CM code 340) at public, private hospitals and outpatient clinics / Telephone Interview: Italian version of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey/Responses assessed by a neurologist and allergologist blinded to the
interviewee status / Asthma
17/345 = 4.9% / NR / NR / NR / NR / NR / 6/9
Ponsonby45
(2006) / Australia/
Tasmania / Residents of Tasmania: <60 years old, with at least 1 grandparent born in Tasmania / March 1999- June 2001 / Neurological review/Poser and MRI / Interviews/ Standardized Questionnaires / Asthma ever
34/136 = 25.0%
Current 17/136= 12.5%
Before MS onset
28/136 = 20.6%
Asthma at or after MS onset 6/136 = 4.4% / NR / NR / NR / NR / NR / 5/9
Sahraian46
(2013) / Iran/
Tehran / MS Research Centre, Sina University Hospital / Dec 2007-April 2008 / McDonald 2005/Neurologist / Physician diagnosed asthma with prescription of anti-asthmatic medication (inhalers, aerosols or tablets). Exclusion: asthmatic attacks triggered by anxiety, cold or dry air, strenuous exercise, smoke and chest infection / Allergic asthma
1/195 = 0.5% / NR / NR / NR / NR / NR / 4/9
Sheu47
(2013) / Taiwan / LHID 2000 Database of Taiwan, incident MS enrolled in registry of catastrophic illness, and age >18 years / Jan 2002-Dec 2009 / ICD-9-CM code
340 and certified
by neurologist
(Poser) / LHID Database.
Codes not
specified / COPD
9/316= 2.9% / NR / NR / NR / NR / NR / 5/8
Tremlett33
(2002) / Wales / Diagnosis of MS recorded after 1993 and registered in database 1995-1999 / 1993-1999 / Administrative data codes/ GPMD (code not specified) / GPMD/Diagnosis and prescription of a medication for
Asthma. Patients with COPD or intrinsic asthma
(i.e. non-atopic) were excluded. / Asthma
7/320 = 2.2% / NR / NR / NR / NR / NR / 6/8

NR: Not Reported, ECRH II: European Community Respiratory Health Survey, NMSS: National Multiple Sclerosis Society, DNRP: Danish National Registry of Patients, CIRS: Cumulative Illness Rating Scale, NEC: Not Elsewhere Classifiable, M&H Co Database: Migration and Health Cohort Database (contains over 15 linkable Swedish national registers), NHIRD: National Health Insurance Research Database, COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, KPNC: Kaiser Permanente Northern California, NARCOMS: North American Research Committee on Multiple Sclerosis, DNSGP: Dutch national survey in general practice, LHID 2000 Database: National Health Insurance Research Database, GPMD: General Practice Morbidity Database.

a- Self-reported diagnoses of MS previously validated in random sample of study population against medical records and physician report; b – reported in another manuscript using the same study population