Summer Review Problems Ap Chemistry

SUMMER REVIEW PROBLEMS AP CHEMISTRY

Name ______

Answer the following questions. For those that are calculated, be sure to answer in the correct number of significant figures and include the proper unit. Show your work!!!

1. What is the difference between weight and mass? What are the SI units for each?

2. Fill in the blanks: 1L = ______dm3 = ______cm3 = ______m3

3. Consider the mass 3400 g.

a. Write this number using 3 significant figures.

b. Write this number two different ways to 4 significant figures.

4. What is the number of significant figures in each of the following?

a. 5622 kg ______b. 7.200 s ______

c. 0.479 mm ______d. 0.00043 mm ______

e. 6030 L ______f. 10.8740 mL ______

g. 2 379 300 cm ______h. 9.081 x 1014 km ______

5. Round each of the following numbers to three significant figures and express each in scientific notation.

a. 0.004472 g ______

b. 251 890 mL ______

c. 68, 991.84 mg ______

d. 103,000 s ______

6. Carry out the following operations and express the answer with the appropriate number of significant figures.

a. 2.35178 g + 57.02 g = ______

b. 43.97 0C – 880C = ______

c. 120 cm x 862.4 cm = ______

d. 56.139 g/4.70 mL = ______

7. Classify each of the following as a pure substance or mixture. If it is a mixture, specify if it is heterogeneous or homogeneous.

a. granite ______

b. sterling silver ______

c. uranium ______

d. milk ______

e. blood ______

8. Convert the following:

a. 2.52 x 109 g to kg ______

b. 0.0772 cm to mm ______

c. 315 s to ns ______

9. Calculate the volume of a 365 g sphere of lead metal that has a density of 11.34 g/cm3.

10. Convert the following:

a. 908 K to 0C ______b. 273 0C to K ______

11. If a person has 253 mg of cholesterol per 100. mL of blood and a total blood volume of 5.3 L, how many grams of cholesterol does the person have in their blood?

12. Describe how you would separate and recover into four separate containers the following four components of a mixture: liquid water (H2O(l)) + iron fillings (Fe(s)) + sodium chloride dissolved in water (NaCl (aq)) + beach sand grains (SiO2 (s))

13. A solid white substance A is heated strongly in the absence of air. It decomposes to form a new white substance, B, and a gas, C. The gas has exactly the same properties as the product obtained when carbon is burned in an excess of oxygen. Based on these observations, can you determine whether solids A and B and the gas C are elements or compounds? Explain your conclusions for each substance.

14. Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in the following:

a. 79197Au ______

b. strontium-90 ______

c. 32S2- ______

15. Bronze is an alloy that typically contains 88.0% by mass copper and the remainder is tin. If 175 g of copper are available, how many grams of tin are required to combine with the copper to form this alloy?

16. In nature, strontium consists of four isotopes with masses and percent abundances of 83.9134 amu (0.50%), 85.9094 amu (9.9%), 86.9089 amu (7.0%), and 87.9056 amu (82.6%). Determine the atomic mass of Sr.

17. What is the cost of gasoline in US $ per gallon for fuel in the United Kingdom that costs £1.65 per liter? (1 £ = $1.28)

18. Write formulas for the following substances:

a. magnesium sulfate ______

b. ammonium iodide ______

c. chlorine monoxide ______

d. silicon tetrabromide ______

e. barium chloride ______

f. lithium peroxide ______

g. copper (I) carbonate ______

h. calcium nitrite ______

i. hydrobromic acid ______

j. chromium (II) phosphate ______

k. potassium permanganate ______

l. sulfuric acid ______

m. nitrogen tribromide ______

n. iron (III) hydroxide ______

o. zinc arsenate ______

p. hypochlorous acid ______

q. lead (IV) selenide ______

19. Name the following compounds. You may need to use Roman Numerals with some of the cations. Acids are noted with (aq) .

a. CuSO4 ______

b. NCl3 ______

c. Rb3N ______

d. HI (aq) ______

e. NaClO4 ______

f. (NH4)2C2O4 ______

g. Hg2(NO3)2 ______

h. HClO4 (aq) ______

i. N2Cl4 ______

j. MnO2 ______

k. H2S (aq) ______

l. FePO4 ______

m. CsH ______

i. HC2H3O2 (aq) ______

j. HClO2 (aq) ______

k. Mg(NCS)2 ______

l. P4O10 ______

m. Rb3P ______

n. Fe2S3 ______

o. CrSO4 ______

p. Sn(HS)4 ______

q. CoSiF6 ______

20. Write a balanced chemical equation for each of the following. Classify each as either synthesis, combustion, decomposition, single replacement, or double replacement.

a. The reaction of magnesium oxide with iron to form iron (III) oxide and magnesium.

b. Sodium azide, NaN3, breaks down into its elements.

c. Magnesium and nitrogen gas are heated to form a compound.

d. Butane, C4H10, burns in excess air, O2.

e. Nitrogen gas reacts with hydrogen gas to form ammonia, NH3.

f. Hydrochloric acid reacts completely with sodium hydroxide.

g. Aluminum displaces zinc in zinc bromide.

h. Sodium iodide decomposes into its elements.

i. Solutions of cobalt (II) nitrate and calcium hydroxide are combined to form a precipitate of cobalt (II) hydroxide.

j. Chlorine gas is bubbled through a solution of lithium bromide.