Submitted As a Part of Project for the Bachelor of Techonology in Computer Science And

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PROJECT REPORT ON

VEHICLE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

SUBMITTED AS A PART OF PROJECT FOR THE BACHELOR OF TECHONOLOGY IN COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO:

ABHINAV GUPTA (101/06)Ms. SUNITA NAGRA

ABHINAV KAPOOR (102/06)LECTURER CSE/IT DEPT.

DEEPAK BHARDWAJ (111/06)

GITESH GUPTA (117/06)

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGY,

BADDI DISTT. SOLAN (H.P.)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Our journey towards achieving the destination for the design and development of ‘This Project’ has finally come to a fruitful culmination. Our efforts and whole hearted cooperation of our lecturer has ended on a successful note. During this journey we faced numerous unforeseen problems and unknown challenges. Many people met us during this endeavour and enriched us with their support and knowledge both personally and professionally that resulted in the project being for better than it could possibly have been without them.

We are deeply indebted to our teacher ‘Ms. Sunita’, whose inspiration and invaluable guidance has been unfailingly available to us at all stages of our practical.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

• Acknowledgement 02
• Candidate Declaration 04
• Project Selection 05
• Introduction 06
• Requirements 07
• Language Selection 08
• Feasibility Study 19
• Design Phase 22
• Coding Of Project 26
• Bibliography 42
• Limitations Of Project 43

CANDIDATE DECLARATION

It is here by certified that the work which is being presented here, VEHICLE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM in C++ and file is fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science And Engineering Department under Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla (H.P.), is an authentic record of our own work carried out during the 4TH Semester as part of the System Analysis And Design project work, under the supervision of

Ms. Sunita Nagra

Lect. CSE/IT Dept.

PROJECT SELECTION

Today the world is considered as a competitive world where everybody seeks for accuracy in least time.

Earlier paper work was the means to keep various records. It was very time consuming and not even that accurate. So, we decided to design and develop the Project called VEHICLE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM which eliminates the paper work and provides better option to the people for their Vehicle records. It deals with the maintenance of the records of the different categories of vehicles and their owners. The user of this program can add records of the vehicles and their owners, view these records and can also edit them.

INTRODUCTION

The project ‘Vehicle Management System’ deals with the maintenance of the records of the different categories of vehicles and their owners. The user of this program can add records of the vehicles and their owners, view these records and can also edit them.

This project is basically aimed for the Road and Transport Office which have large number of records of different types of vehicles to be maintained. The project makes it easier to search these records and edit them. The project has a very user friendly interface and all the operations that can be performed in the project are self explanatory. It reduces the effort required to manually maintain all these records.

This project will really reduce the laborious record keeping.

REQUIREMENTS

A computer system with the following specifications:

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:

• 100 MB Hard Disk
• 256 MB RAM
• DVD R/W
• VGA Monitor
• 110 Keys Keyboard
• Optical Mouse
• Printer

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:

• Operating System (Windows XP/Vista)
• MS-Office
• Turbo C/C++ Compiler

LANGUAGE SELECTION

In our projectVEHICLE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM we are usingC++language which supports object oriented programming style. It provides the ability to build the classes and objects. The main advantages of OOPS are

1. Data Encapsulation.
2. Data hiding and Access Mechanism.
3. Automatic initialization.
4. Operator Overloading.

Language that supports programming with objects are said to be object-oriented programming language.

Object Oriented programming language incorporates all of object based programming features along with two additional features, namely inheritance and dynamic binding.

The C++ supports all these features. It works with classes, objects, inheritance, and dynamic binding; however some of these are not included in the project.

BENEFITS OF OOPS:

It offers several benefits to both the programmer and the user. It contributes to the solution of many problems associated with the development and quality of software products. The new technology promises greater programmer L productivity, better quality of software and lesser maintenance cost.

FEATURES OF OOPS:

• Emphasis is on data rather than procedure.
• Programs are divided into what are known as procedure.
• Data structure are designed such that they characterize the objects.
• Functions that operate on data of an object are tied together in the data structures.
• Data is hidden and cannot be accessed by external functions.
• Objects may communicate with each other through functions.
• New data and functions can be easily added whenever necessary.
• Follows bottom-up approach in program design.

STRUCTURE OF A C++ PROGRAM:

//hello.cpp(program name)

//this program displays the message hello world

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

{

cout<"HELLO WORLD";

getch();

}

The components of C++ program are

Comments

Comments are used for better understanding of the program understanding. The comment entries starts with a // symbol and terminate at the end of the line.

#include directive

The #include directive instructs the compiler to include the contents of the file enclosed within angular brackets into the source file.

Function

A function is defined by function name and a function body. In above program main() is function name. All programs must have a function called main(). A function body is surrounded by curly braces {}. The braces delimit a block of program statements.

FUNDAMENTAL DATA TYPES:

OPERATORS:

Arithmetic operators:

C++ language have five arithmetic operators Addition(+), subtraction(-), multiplication(*), division(/) and a new modulo(%) operator. The modulo operator returns the remainder when an integer is divided by another. Modulo operators only works with integers.

Relational operators:

LOGICAL OPERATORS:

1.AND(&): It combines two conditional expressions and evaluates true only if both conditionals are fulfilled.

2.OR(||): It combines two conditional expressions, and evaluates to true if any one of the condition is fulfilled.

3.NOT(!): It is a unary operator and takes only one operand. The effect of the ! is that the logical value of its operand is reversed.

CONDITIONAL CONSTRUCTS:

• Simple if statement
• if else statement
• nested if else statement
• switch case constructs.

LOOP CONSTRUCTS:

• while loop
• do while loop
• for loop.

CLASS:

Class is group of objects that share common properties and relationships. In C++ a class is a new data type that contains member variables and member 0 functions that operate on the variable. A class is defined with a keyword class.

ACCESS SPECIFIERS:

A body of class contains three access specifiers:

• private
• public
• protected

OBJECT:

An object is an entity that can store data and, send and receive messages. It is an instance of a class.

CONSTRUCTORS:

Aconstructor is a member function whose task is to initialize the objects of its class. Its name is same as the class name.

DESTRUCTORS:

A destructor is used to destroy the objects that have been created by a constructor. Its name is same as constructor but it starts with a tilde (~) sign.

OPERATOR OVERLOADING:

It is a language feature that allows the operator to be given more than one definition. The types of the arguments with which the operator is called, determines which definition will be used.

The process of overloading involves the following steps:

• Create a class that defines the data type that to be used in the overloading operation.
• Declare the operator function operatorop () in the public part of the class.
• Define the operator function to implement the required operation.

INHERITANCE:

A relationship between classes such that the state and implementation of an object or module should be private to that object or module and only accessible via its public interface.

Types of inheritance:

• Single Inheritance
• Multiple Inheritance
• Hierarchical Inheritance
• Multilevel Inheritance
• Hybrid Inheritance

POLYMORPHISM:

A property by which we can send the same message to the object of several different classes, and each object can respond in different way depending on its class. We can send such a message without knowing to which of the classes object belongs. In C++, polymorphism is implemented by means of virtual function and dynamic binding.

Virtual Function:

A virtual function is a function that is declared as virtual in base class and is redefined by a derived class. For declaring a function virtual we use the keyword virtual.

Dynamic Binding:

It means that the code associated with a given procedure call is not known until the time of call at run-time.

Encapsulation:

The wrapping up of data and function into a single unit (called class) is known as encapsulation. It a most striking feature of a class. The data is not accessible to outside world.

Data Abstraction:

Abstraction refers to the act of representing essential features without including the background details or explanations. Since the classes use the concept of data abstraction, they are known as Abstract Data Types (ADT).

POINTERS:

A pointer is variable that can hold the address of other variable, structures and functions that are used in the program.

FUNCTIONS:

A function is a set of instructions to carry out a particular task. Defining a function means writing an actual code for function which does a specific and identifiable task.

FILES:

A file is a group of related records treated as a unit. In file handling we use stream class.

Details Of Stream Classes:

Functions For Manipulation of File Pointers:

File Modes:

FEASIBILITY STUDY

Depending upon the results of the initial investigation, the survey is expected to a more detailed feasibility study. A feasibility study is test of system proposal according to its workability, impact on the organization, ability to meet users need and effective use of resources. It includes main questions:

1. What is the user’s need?
2. What resources are available for given candidate system?
3. What is the likely impact of the candidate system on the organization?

Three consideration are involved in feasibility analysis, Economical, Technical and Operational?

Technical Feasibility:

Technical Feasibility concern around the existing computer system(hardware, software etc.) and to what extent it supports the proposed addition.

The technical needs of the system may vary considerably, but might include:

• The facility to produce output in a given time.
• Response time under certain conditions.
• Ability to process a certain volume of transaction at

particular speed.

• Facilitate to communicate data to distant location.

Economical Feasibility:

Economic analysis is the most frequently used method for evaluating the effectiveness of the candidate system. More commonly known as cost/benefit analysis, the procedure is to determine the benefits and saving that are expected from a candidate system, and compare them with costs.

Operational Feasibility:

People are inherently resistant to change. And computers are known to facilitate change. An estimate should be made of how strong reaction the user staff is likely to have towards the development of computerized system. The system should be simple to operate so that layman can also understand what system is, and how he can be benefited from the system.

SYSTEM REQUIREMENT

PURPOSE:

The purpose of this document is to describe all the external requirements for a manual management system. It also describes the interface for the system.

SCOPE:

This document is only one that describes the requirements of the system. It is meant for use by the developers and will also be the basis for validating the final delivered system. Any change made to the requirement in future will have to go through a formal change approval process the developer is responsible for asking the clarification where necessary and will not make any alterations.

DESIGN PHASE

The most creative and challenging phase of SYSTEM DEVLOPMENT LIFE CYCLE is SYSTEM DESIGN. Theterm design describes a final system and the process by which it is developed. It refers to the technical specification that will be applied in implementing the candidate system. It also includes the construction of program and program testing.

The key question here is: HOW THE PROBLEM SHOULD BE

SOLVED?

Design Phase is basically of two types:

• Traditional Design Phase
• Object-Oriented Design Phase

But we normally follow the traditional design in the form of DFDs…

DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS:

DFD is known as a BUBBLE CHART. It has purpose of clarifying the system requirements and identify major transformations that will become programs in system design. DFDs consists of a series of lines represents data flow.

DFD SYMBOLS:

The following are the symbols that re used in making a DFD:

• An open rectangle is data store-data at rest, or a temporary repository of data.
• A square defines a source of destination of system data.
• An arrow identifies data flow-data in motion. It is pipelined through which information flows.
• A circle or bubble represents a process that transforms incoming data flow into outgoing data flows.

Primitive Symbols Used for Constructing DFDs:

FUNCTION SYMBOL:

A function is represented using a circle. This symbol is called a ‘Process’ ora ’Bubble’. Bubble represents a process that transforms incoming data flow(s) into outgoing d\ata flow(s).

EXTERNAL ENTITY SYMBOL:

An entity is represented using a rectangle, which signifies a source or destination of data. The external entities are those physical entities external to the software system, which interact with the system by inputting data to the system or by consuming the produced by the system.

DATA FLOW SYMBOL:

A data flow is represented using an arrow, which signifies data in motion. It represents the data flow occurring between two processes or between an entity and a process, in the direction flow arrow.

DATA STORE SYMBOL:

A data store is represented using a two parallel lines or a open rectangle, which signifies data at rest or a temporary repository of data. It represent a logical file, which represent data structure, or a physical line on disk.

DEVELOPING THE DFD MODEL OF A SYSTEM

To develop a higher-level DFD model, process a decomposed into their sub-processes and the data flow among these sub-processes are identified.

To develop a data flow model of a system, the most abstract representation of the problem is worked out and then higher-level DFDs developed.

Level 0:

The level 0 is the most abstract representation of the system. It represents the entire system as a single bubble. This bubble is labelled according to the main function of the system. The various external entities with which the system interacts and the data flows occurring between the system and the external entities are also represented.

The name level 0 is well justified because it represents the context in which the system is to exist. The level 0 diagram is also known as context diagram.

Level 1:

To develop the level 1 DFD, examine the high-level function requirement. If there are between three or seven high level functional requirements, then these can be represented directly as bubbles, otherwise they need to be combined, between them examine the input data to these functions and the data output by these functions and represents them in the diagram.

CONTEXT FREE DIAGRAM