Mr. Pagnozzi’s
Study Guide Mid-Term Exam
Honors Chemistry
January 2011
For the mid-term exam, you should be able to complete the following. Begin by reviewing your homework, tests and quizzes, notes, and handouts. Use your text as a reference.Start studying early!
Chapter 1: The Enterprise of Chemistry
1.State the steps of the scientific method in the correct order.
2.Define and differentiate between a hypothesis, a theory, and a law.
3.Identify quantitative data.
4.Identify qualitative data.
Chapter 2: Data Analysis
1. State the seven SI base units.
2. Convert from one SI unit to another, using dimensional analysis.
3. Identify the numerical value of the prefixes centi-, kilo-, milli-.
4. Record the most accurate measurement that can be made with an instrument.
5. Identify the number of significant digits in a number.
6. State the rule for significant when using multiplication, division, addition, and subtraction.
7. Write the correct number of significant figures for a value obtained by addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division.
8. Convert from a decimal or whole number to scientific notation.
9. Convert from scientific notation to a whole number or decimal.
Chapter 3: Properties and Change
1.Define mass.
2.Define matter.
3.Differentiate between element, compound and a mixture.
4. Know the difference between and extensive and an intensive property
5.Differentiate between a homogeneous mixture and a heterogeneous mixture.
6.Identify a physical change.
7.Identify a chemical change.
8.Define the Law of Conservation of Mass.
Chapter 4: Structure of the Atom
1. Define the term atom.
2. Identify the location, mass and charge of the three subatomic particles.
3. Explain the continuous and discontinuous theories of matter.
4. State law of multiple proportions.
5. State the law of definite proportions.
6. Using the law of multiple proportions to explain the difference in molecules of NO2, NO, and NO3.
7. State the ratio of atoms in a compound.
8. State Dalton's atomic theory.
9. Identify the flaws in Dalton's atomic theory.
10. Explain the experiments the following scientists performed and their results:
•William Crookes
•JJ Thomson
•Ernest Rutherford
•Robert Millikan
•James Chadwick
•Neils Bohr
11. Identify and label a model of a Bohr atom.
12. Identify and label a wave mechanic model of an atom.
13. Define the term electron orbit.
14. Identify the probable location of an electron in a Bohr atom.
15. Identify the probable location of an electron in a wave mechanic model of an atom.
16. Define what is meant by "ground state" of an atom.
17. Define what is meant by "excited state" of an atom.
18. Explain what happens as an atom goes from a ground state to an excited state, then back to a ground state.
19. Identify the crest, trough, wavelength and frequency of a wave.
Know how to use formulas for calculating properties of a wave. i.e.;c =ν λ andE = hν,
20. Explain what a bright line spectrum is.
21. Describe why each element has its own unique spectrum of light.
22. Determine the atomic number of an element.
23. Define the term "atomic mass unit."
24. Determine that atomic mass and mass number of an element.
25. Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom.
26. Define the term isotope.
27. Identify the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an isotope.
28. Define the term ion.
29. Identify/define a cation and an anion.
30. Identify the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an ion.
Chapter 5: Electronsin Atoms
1.Identify the principal quantum number of an element.
2.Define the term orbital.
3.Identify the maximum number of electrons that can exist at any orbital.
4.Identify the orbitals which exist at each energy level, (n2)
5.Identify the number of sublevels that exist at each energy level.
6.State the total number of electrons that can exist at each energy level (2n2)
7.Know the rules for filling electron orbitals. (diagonal rule, one in each orbital first...)
8.Give the electron configuration for an atom.
9.Identify an atom given its electron configuration.
10. Identify the valence electrons for an atom given its electron configuration.
Chapter 6: The Periodic Table and Periodic Law
1. Describe Mendeleev's early periodic table. "
2. Explain the flaws of Mendeleev's periodic table.
3. Explain how Moseley revised the periodic table.
4. Identify the periods in the periodic table, by number.
5. Identify the groups or families of the periodic table, by name and properties.
6. State the properties of each group or family.
7. Give the number of valence electrons for each group or family.
8. State the general location of metals, non-metals, and semi-metal or metalloids on the periodic table.
9. State the general properties of metals, non-metals, and semi-metal or metalloids.
10. Explain hydrogen's placement in the periodic table.
Chapters7 and 8 and 9: Chemical Bonding :Ionic and Covalent
1. Define the term chemical bond and the octet rule
2. Explain the role of valence electrons in a chemical bond.
3. Define an ionic bond.
4. Define a covalent bond.
5. Draw the Lewis dot structure for an atom.
6. Determine the charge of an ion.
7. Using the VESPR model, determine the shape of a molecule.
8. Identify a bond as polar or nonpolar based on electron sharing.
9. Given the charges of the ions, write the formula for an ionic compound.
10. Given the formula of an ionic compound, determine the charges of the ions that formed the bond.
11. Given electronegativity values, predict the type of bond (nonpolar covalent, polar, ionic)
12. Using Roman numerals, name an ionic compound whose metal ion has more than one possible charge.I.e. Fe (III) vs Fe (II)
13. Name a covalent or molecular compound using the Greek prefix system. (mono, di, tri…..)
14. Know shapes, electron pair geometry, and bond angle of the following molecules: linear, tetrahedral, bent and pyramidal
1
Chapter 8 and 9: Chemical Names and formulas
- Given name , write formula
- Given formula , write name
- Rules for ionic compounds
- Know charges of cations and anions based on position on periodic table
- Use Roman Numerals to indicate charge of transition metal cations
- Use “Criss-Cross” methods to determine formula of an ionic compound
- Name molecular compounds (composed of nonmetals only using mono ,di, tri etc.
- Identify the reactants and products in a chemical reaction.
- Write a word equation for a chemical reaction.
Chapter 10: Chemical Reactions
- Write and balance a chemical equation.
- Classify a chemical reaction as synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, or double replacement
- Define reactions in aqueous solutions
For the exam you will need:
1) Periodic table (I will supply if you don’t have one)
2) Memorizenames of atoms, polyatomic molecules and their charges
3) Memorizenames of ions with more than one charge
4) MemorizeList of Greek prefixes
5) Generate “diagonal rule” for electron configuration
6) Calculator
7) Sharp # 2 PENCILS!!!! Mandatory!!!! 2 points off, if none
1