Study Guide. LET 2-3 MIDTERM, 17-18
(U4C1L3:V2) Choose the word that best matches the definition below.
"A state of complete mental, physical, and social well being."
-Health
(U4C1L3:V3) Choose the word that best matches the definition below.
"To estimate or weighthe relative importance of every component of health."
-Balance
(U4C1L3:V4) Choose the word that best matches the definition below.
"One’s response to his/her environment."
-Behavior
(U4C1L3:V5) Choose the word that best matches the definition below.
"A state or condition of being physically sound and healthy."
-Fitness
(U4C1L3:V6) Choose the word that best matches the definition below.
"The amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water one degree Celsius; a measurement of energy."
-Calories
(U4C1L3:V7) Choose the word that best matches the definition below.
"Correction or regulation of oneself for the sake of improvement."
-Self-discipline
(U4C1L4:G13) Another name for fiber in a diet is ______.
-Roughage
(U4C1L4:G3) Choose the word that best matches the definition below.
"Substances found in food that allow the body to function properly."
-Nutrients
(U4C1L4:Q1) You eat a balanced diet with more than enough carbohydrates, fats, and proteins to provide energy to your body. However, even with regular exercise you usually feel fatigued. Your doctor recommends that you take a multi-vitamin.
What do you think his reason would be for recommending a multi-vitamin?
-Vitamins and minerals in multi-vitamins help release energy from food, and they help regulate bodily processes.
(U4C1L4:Q2) You are giving a presentation on nutrition to your JROTC class. You explain that vegetarians should eat more servings of beans, rice, nuts, peanut butter, and bread in their diets. One of your classmates in the audience asks, "What for?"
What should you tell him is the primary reason that vegetarians should increase their intake of these foods?
-"Because they contain the amino acids needed to produce the complete proteins that the body needs to function properly."
(U4C1L4:G4) What are the two types of vitamins?
-Fat soluble and water soluble
(U4C1L4:Q4) After completing her physical, Wanda's doctor told her that she should eat more fiber to help balance her body's sugar levels. When you see her in the cafeteria, she asks you if you could help her eat the right foods.
Of the following foods, which would you tell her to eat to increase her fiber intake?
-Vegetables, fruits, beans, and whole wheat bread
(U4C1L4:Q3) Read the following sentence and decide which of the options (A-D) is correct.
The human body needs fiber to aid digestion, regulate temperature, carry vitamins and minerals to the parts of the body, and helps remove waste from the kidneys.
-Replace "fiber" with "water"
(U4C1L4:G12) ______is the chemical process by which the body produces energy and maintains vital functions.
-Metabolism
(U4C1L4:G15) What is a protein?
-Nutrients that are made of amino acids and that maintain body tissues and supply energy to the body
(U4C1L4:G17) What is the purpose of fiber in a diet?
-It has no calories, but it is roughage that aids the digestive system in the movement of food
(U4C1L4:G18) Elements found in the environment that help regulate the bodily processes are ______.
-Minerals
(U4C1L4:G21) Nutrients that occur naturally in plant and animal tissue and are required for proper functioning of the body are______.
-Vitamins
(U4C1L4:G22) ______is coarse food made mostly of carbohydrates, such as bran or lettuce, that serves to stimulate and aid the movement of food through the intestines.
-Fiber
(U4C1L4:G20) Name the five food groups in MyPlate.
-Fruits, vegetables, protein, grains, and dairy
(U4C1L4:G1) A carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen compound produced by green plants and used by the body to provide energy is a(n) ______.
-Carbohydrate
(U4C1L4:G5) Standards developed by the U.S. government for the regulation of vitamin and mineral requirements are called ______.
-Referenced Daily Intakes (RDI)
(U4C1L4:G6) A fat that does not melt at room temperature and can raise the blood cholesterol level is called a ______.
-Saturated fat
(U4C1L4:G10) ______in a diet has no calories but is roughage that aids the digestive system in the movement of foods.
-Fiber
(U3C8L1:Q1) Which of the following options (A-D) illustrate the correct sequence of activities in service learning?
-Orientation and Training + Meaningful Service + Structured Reflection = Service Learning
(U3C8L1:Q2) Read the following paragraph and select the correct option (A-D):
You are working on a service learning project to provide tutoring to elementary school students. You have volunteered to perform the role of Debriefer for your team because you like to take notes and organize information.
-Replace Debriefer with Recorder
(U3C8L1:Q3) Which of the following options (A-D) is not a characteristic of meaningful service?
-Includes an extensive fund-raising component
(U3C8L1:Q4) Which of the following options (A-D) is not an example of a type of structured reflection for a service learning project?
-Project Proposal
(U3C8L1:G1) An environment where one can learn and develop by actively participating in organized service experiences within one's community is called ______.
-Service learning
(U3C8L1:G3) What are the five team positions found in the structured teamwork of service learning?
-Facilitator, Recorder, Reporter, Timekeeper, and Debriefer
(U3C8L1:G5) What is the purpose of a learning log?
-To record reflections, experiences, observations, goals, etc.
(U3C8L1:G4) ______, or taking time to observe, analyze, and integrate actions with learning, is an important part of the learning process and of service learning.
-Reflection
(U3C8L1:G6) What is the difference between service learning and community service?
-Community service is dispensed by a judge as punishment for law breaking. Service learning addresses essential needs in a community and the projects are self-directed.
(U3C8L1:G7) What are the benefits for students who participate in service learning?
-Learns more; earns better grades; attends school regularly; behaves better; becomes more civic minded; gains appreciation of others; sees the school-life connection; has higher self-esteem; learns life skills for after graduation
(U3C8L1:G9) Service learning is a kind of ______learning strategy.
-Active and experiential
(U3C8L1:G10) Reflecting, or taking time to observe, analyze, and integrate actions with learning, is an important part of the learning process and of ______learning.
-Service
(U3C8L2:V1) Choose the term that best completes the sentence below.
An instructional strategy that promotes active learning, where problems form the focus, and learning stimulus and problem solving skills are utilized, is known as ______.
-Problem-based learning
(U3C8L2:V2) Choose the term that best completes the sentence below.
In field education, you perform the service as a part of a(n)______program designed primarily to enhance understanding of a field of study, while providing substantial emphasis on the service.
-Training
(U3C8L2:V3) Choose the term that best completes the sentence below.
Service learning opportunities can use ______principles to incorporate scholastic programs with the curriculum.
-Field education
(U3C8L2:V4) Choose the term that best completes the sentence below.
______is gaining practical knowledge, skills, or practice from direct observation of or participation in events in a particular activity.
-Experiential learning
(U3C8L2:Q1) You are discussing potential service learning projects with Debra, a fellow JROTC Cadet. Debra needs some work done on her car and suggests offering a free car repair clinic to students as a service learning project since several other Cadets know how to work on cars. How do you respond to Debra's suggestion?
-Remind Debra that service learning needs to address a school or community need that relates to the JROTC curriculum. Since car repair isn't part of the curriculum, it would not be an appropriate project.
(U3C8L2:G3) What is experiential learning?
-Learning that helps students gain practical knowledge, skills, or practice from direct observation or participation in an activity or event
(U3C8L2:G2) A teacher-planned introductory project designed to introduce students to service learning and provide them with a meaningful experience is also called a(n) ______project.
-Exploratory
(U4C2L1:F3) What is the Good Samaritan Law?
-A law that protects most people from lawsuits if medical complications arise after they have administered first aid correctly
(U4C2L1:F4) Which statement is inaccurate about Universal Precautions?
-Do not worry about changing gloves between treating victims because speed is most important.
(U4C2L1:F5) What are the "ABCs" of evaluating an injury?
-"A" is for open the airway; "B" is for assess breathing; "C" is for assess circulation
(U4C2L1:F7) After school one day you enter a classroom to get something you left behind and see the teacher lying on the ground unconscious. What is the first thing you do after calling for help?
-Check breathing and heartbeat
(U4C2L1:F8) Which set of life-saving steps is placed in the correct order of evaluation?
-Consciousness, breathing/heartbeat, bleeding, shock, fractures, burns, head injury
(U4C2L1:F9) Calling an emergency number for professional medical help is often the most important thing you can do in an emergency. Which example is something you do not want to do when calling 911?
-Hang up after receiving directions to care for your victim.
(U4C2L1:Q1) You are preparing a first aid lesson about evaluating a patient. You can't find your First Aid Manual, but you remember these steps. Performing the steps in order can mean the difference between life and death. Arrange the steps in the correct order.
1. Ask "Are you OK?"
2. If the victim is conscious, ask where it hurts
3. Watch for response. If there is no response, check breathing
4. If the victim is awake and choking, begin treatment for clearing the airway
5. Gently shake or tap the victim on the shoulder
- 1,5,3,2,4
(U4C2L1:Q2) Read the following paragraph and decide which option (A-D) is correct.
The Good Samaritan Law is designed to protect the rescuer and requires people to assist others in distress. It protects rescuers from lawsuits as long as they act in good faith, without compensation and administers first aid correctly and without malicious misconduct or gross negligence.
-Change "requires" to "encourage"
(U4C2L1:Q3) A construction worker fell off a ladder onto a pile of tools and equipment. Even though he is bleeding and probably has some broken bones, he is conscious and calm. When a co-worker asks, he gives him permission to provide first aid.
What would you recommend the co-worker do next to keep the victim calm and prevent him from going into shock?
-Remain calm, act quickly, and tell the victim that he's going to be OK.
(U4C2L1:Q4) While walking across a playground, you observe a child fall off a slide and hit her head on the asphalt. When you get to her she is not bleeding, but she seems confused and is staggering as she walks, so you make her sit down. Just as you get emergency services on your cell phone, she tells you that she's dizzy and then vomits. Then she starts to fall asleep. You tell the 911 operator your name, location, and everything that happened.
What should you expect the operator to tell you next?
-"Try to keep her awake."
(U4C2L1:G1) What is the first step in administering first aid?
-Evaluating the injured
(U4C2L1:G3) T or F: If there is more than one person injured in an accident, you evaluate the injuries and help the person who is most seriously injured first.
-True
(U4C2L1:G4) What are some of the symptoms of head injuries?
-Pupils of different sizes; slurred speech; staggering when walking; convulsing
(U4C2L1:G5) What is first aid?
-Immediate care given to an injured or ill person to keep him or her alive or stop further damage until qualified medical treatment can be administered
(U4C2L1:G6) CPR stands for ______.
-Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
(U4C2L2:F4) Which statement below is not true about rescue breathing?
-Give two quick breaths every five seconds
(U4C2L2:F5) During a family gathering your uncle starts complaining he feels nauseous and can't seem to catch his breath. The symptoms he described could be _____.
-A heart attack
(U4C2L2:F6) In what category should "Difficulty in Breathing" be placed?
-Stroke
(U4C2L2:Q3) Read the following paragraph, and decide which option (A-D) is correct.
The ABCs of life-saving reminds rescuers of the first things to check on an injured person. They stand for Airway, Bleeding, and Circulation. The Heimlich maneuver clears a choking victim's airway. Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation helps restore breathing. CPR helps restore circulation (heartbeat).
For the best and safest results, classes from a qualified instructor are recommended before performing mouth-to-mouth resuscitation or CPR on an injured person.
-Replace "bleeding" with "breathing"
(U4C2L2:Q4) You turned on a medical show on TV, but the show was almost over. A reporter was talking to an emergency medical service person about the action he took to help a stroke victim. The EMS person was saying, "I did 30 chest compressions followed by two breaths. After three sets, I felt a pulse and knew the victim was going to be okay."
What procedure was he describing?
-Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
(U4C2L2:G1) Another name for mouth-to-mouth resuscitation is ______.
-Rescue Breathing
(U4C2L2:G2) A ______occurs when blood vessels that deliver oxygen-rich blood to the brain ruptures or when a blood clot forms and blocks the flow of blood in the brain.
-Stroke
(U4C2L2:G3) What is the Heimlich maneuver?
-A technique for clearing the clogged air passageway of a choking victim. The technique uses an upward push to the abdomen to clear the airway and expel an object stuck in the airway of a choking victim
(U4C2L2:G7) What is an Automated External Defibrillator used for?
-To treat victims of sudden cardiac arrest by measuring heart rhythms and administering a shock when necessary
(U4C2L3:F3) Capillary bleeding does not usually need attention because it typically stops by itself.
-False
(U4C2L3:F5) What should you not do if direct pressure and bandages don’t stop the bleeding?
-Remove the old dressing and replace it with a clean one.
(U4C2L3:F8) If you were using pressure points to control bleeding what would you do if the victim said they could no longer feel their injured limb?
-Decrease the pressure on the pressure point
(U4C2L3:Q3) A car accident victim crawled from her car to the side of the road. When you arrive on the scene, you see that her foot has been cut off and is bleeding in heavy, bright red spurts causing a puddle of blood to form.
What will you probably have to do next?
-Apply a tourniquet to stop the bleeding.
(U4C2L3:G1) Heavy or uncontrollable bleeding from blood vessels is called ______.
-A hemorrhage
(U4C2L3:G2) Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to all parts of the body are called ______.
-Arteries
(U4C2L3:G3) Blood vessels that carry blood from all parts of the body to the heart are called ______.
-Veins
(U4C2L3:G5) Bleeding that is characterized by a steady flow of dark blood is called ______bleeding.
-Venous
(U4C2L3:G6) Bleeding that is characterized by bright red blood that spurts with each heartbeat is ______bleeding.
-Arterial
(U4C2L3:G8) T or F: Tourniquets should only be used under extreme circumstances because they can kill the limb they are used on.
-True
(U4C2L3:G12) If a sterile dressing or clean cloth is not available, what do you use to apply pressure to a wound to control bleeding?
-Use clothing or your hands or your fingers - whatever is cleaner
(U4C2L3:G21) How do you notify rescue personnel that a victim has a tourniquet?
-Mark the victim's forehead with a "T"
(U4C2L3:G22) How do you treat a chest wound?
-Wrap the wound tightly in plastic wrap or foil and have the victim sit up or lay on the injured side
(U4C2L3:G29) T or F: Victims with open abdominal wounds may be thirsty, so they should be given ice chips or water.
-False
(U4C2L4:F5) What is the difference between a sprain and a strain?
-Sprains happen to tendons or ligaments, and strains happen to muscles
(U4C2L4:F6) What type of injury is consistent with these symptoms?
- Sharp pain
- Extreme tenderness when the area is touched
- Slight swelling
- Difficulty moving or using the affected part
- Strain
(U4C2L4:F7) Fill in the blank.
RICE Procedures
Rest: The victim stays off or minimizes using the injured part.
Ice: Apply ice for 20-30 minutes every two to three hours during the first 24-48 hours of the injury
? : Use an elastic bandage on the injured part for the first 18-24 hours to prevent swelling
Elevation: Elevate the injured part above the heart for the first 24 hours to reduce internal bleeding and swelling
-Compression
(U4C2L4:F9) A ______occurs when a joint comes apart and stays apart with the bone ends no longer in contact.
-Dislocation
(U4C2L4:G1) Which of the following is a symptom of shock?
-Skin is pale or blue and cold to the touch.
(U4C2L4:G2) T or F: Fainting is a mild form of shock.
-True
(U4C2L4:G3) What is an open fracture?
-One in which the sharp edges of the bone cut through the skin
(U4C2L4:G10) Describe the symptoms of a victim who is in shock.
-Skin is cold and clammy
(U4C2L4:G15) What is the most important action to take when dealing with a fracture?
-To immobilize injured bones to prevent further damage
(U4C2L5:V1) A caustic substance is capable of destroying or eating away something by electrical action.
-Disagree with definition
(U4C2L5:V2) Systemic reactions affect the body in general; acting throughout the body after absorption or ingestion.
-Agree with definition
(U4C2L5:V3) Scalding is the freezing of the skin by a substance that is cold in temperature.
-Disagree with definition
(U4C2L5:V4) To flush is to cleanse or wash out with running water or another liquid.
-Agree with definition
(U4C2L5:V5) Compresses are folded clothes or pads applied so as to press upon a body part to stop bleeding or cool a burn.
-Agree with definition
(U4C2L5:V6) If something is mottled it is marked with irregular spots or splotches of different colors or shades of color.
-Agree with definition
(U4C2L5:V7) Bases are chemical compounds with a slippery or soapy feel that react with acids to form salt, have a pH value above 7, and are used as cleaning materials.