Study Guide For Chapters 7-10
- How is the fetal skull different from the adult skull?
- What are the names of various sutures that connect the cranial bones?
- Why is the hyoid considered to be unique?
- Where is the pituitary gland located?
- What are intervertebral discs and why are they important?
- What are various abnormal curvatures of the vertebral column called?
- What are the different types of joints that we learnt in class? Review the slides to learn the material.
- What bones make up the orbit of the eye?
- What is the heel bone and why is it important?
- Why are foramens important? Which is the largest foramen in the body?
- What are the components of the pectoral and pelvic girdle?
- Learn the various components of the knee joint to understand a synovial joint. Understand the importance of the various components in maintaining the structure and functionality of the knee.
- What is synovial fluid and how is it formed?
- Learn the various movements of the muscles and joints, such as adduction, abduction, extension, flexion, etc.
- How does accumulation of uric acid in joints affect one’s health?
- Learn the histology of muscle cells. What connective tissue layers surround muscle fibers, fascicles and entire muscles?
- Study the various regions of microfibrils that give rise to striations in striated muscles. Understand the importance of each region. What is the functional unit of a microfibril?
- To what extent can various types of muscles regenerate?
- Study the physiology of muscle contraction. What is meant by excitation-contraction coupling? How can the maximum contraction be achieved?
- What are the components of the triad in skeletal muscles? What are the functions of the various components in muscle contraction?
- What is the sequence of events in muscle contraction? What happens at the neuromuscular junction when a nerve impulse arrives? Know where the receptors for acetylcholine are located, and how the signal is terminated after a muscle has contracted
- What is myoglobin and why is it important for muscles?
- How does recovery oxygen uptake restore metabolic conditions in a fatigue muscle?
- What is creatine phosphate and what is its role in muscles?
- How do muscle cells obtain ATP for their actions? What are the products of aerobic and anaerobic respiration in muscle cells?
- What model describes movement of muscle filaments during muscle contraction? Understand how the filaments move to achieve muscular contraction.
- Learn the various classes of levers and understand how these relate to various types of muscular movement in the body. What is meant by mechanical advantage and mechanical disadvantage in a lever system?
- Study how muscles act as prime movers, synergists, antagonists and fixators.
- What are suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles? How are tongue muscles named?
- What role do the diaphgram and intercostals muscles play in respiration?