GENETICS STUDY GUIDE

1)What is a gene? ______

2)What is an allele? ______

3)Explain the difference between a gene and an allele. ______

4)Who is the Father of Genetics? ______

5)What are the two types of crosses that we can give him credit for solving? ______and ______

6)What does the Law of Segregation mean? ______

7)What does the Law of Independent Assortment mean?

______

8) Do all crosses follow the rules established my Mendel’s work with Pea Plants? ______

Give some examples!

  1. ______
  2. ______
  3. ______

9)What does probability mean? ______

10)What is the formula we use to figure out probability? ______

  1. What is the probability of having a boy or a girl? ______
  2. What is the probability of having a boy and a girl? ______
  3. What are the three different ways you can write a probability?

______

11)What does the term Heterozygous mean? ______

12)What does the term Homozygous mean? ______

13)Using A’s, what is the genotype for a person that is….

  1. Heterozygous ______
  2. Homozygous dominant ______

14)What is the actual difference between dominant and recessive alleles? HINT: mRNA ______

15)Why do we use capital and lower case letters to represent the alleles? ______

16)What is a genotype? ______

17)What is a phenotype? ______

18)What is a Punnet square? Why do we use it? ______

19)What is a gamete? ______

20)What is actually being represented by the letters that we put for the mother and father? ______

21)What is represented by the inside boxes? ______

22)What does the F1 stand for? ______

23)What does the F2 stand for? ______

24)What is the type of inheritance we see in Snap Dragons? ______

  1. What color are the Heterozygous? ______
  2. Why? ______
  3. How can you be sure you choose the right type of dominance? ______

25)What do we call it when many allele sets control a trait? ______

26)What is an example of this? ______

27)What is the type of dominance that controls Blood type? ______

28)Fill out the table

Blood Type / Genotype Possibilities
A
B
AB
0

29)What is the normal genotype of a female ______

30)What is the normal genotype of a male ______

31)What do we call traits that are carried on the X chromosome? ______

32)What is an example of a sex-linkedGenotype of a Female? ______Male? ______

33)How many alleles to men have for Sex Linked Traits? ______

a)WHY? ______

34)Give an example of a sex-linked trait. ______

35)What are Sex Limited Trait’s? ______

36)Give an example for one in each Sex (gender)

a)______

b)______

37)Does the environment effect gene expression? ______

a)What are some examples?

i)______

ii)______

iii)______

PUNNETT SQUARE PRACTICE

Make Sure you include all 6 steps!

38)Tongue curling is dominant to not being able to curl tongue.

a)What is the phenotypic and genotypic ratio of a dominant male with a recessive female?

b)What is the ratio of a heterozygous male with a heterozygous female

39)If Black is dominant to white in rats, what would the genotype be of a rat that is white?

  1. Why is it white ( be specific)______
  2. What would the rat look like if its genotype was Ww? ______

40)In gerbil coat color, black is dominant and brown is recessive. Black male mates with a brown female and produces 10 offspring. Four offspring are black and 6 offspring are brown.

  1. What genotype is the father? ______
  2. What is a test cross? ______
  3. Prove it with a Punnet square!

41)In Snapdragons red flowers are dominant to white flowers. Cross a red flower and a white flower.

a)What type of dominance is this?

b)Cross any two of the offspring of the above cross.

i)What is the new phenotype ratio? ______

42)A father has sickle cell anemia, and marries a woman that has normal blood cells. What are the chances of their child having Sickle Cell anemia? ______

a)Show the cross!

43)A certain couple had a child with O blood type, but they are A type and B type.

a) Is this possible?Explain!

44)Another couple had a child the same day at the same hospital. They are A and AB… Could this child with 0 type be theirs?

45)Color Blindness is a genetic disorder. The mother is a carrier for the disorder and the father is normal, what are the chances that the son will be colorblind? ______

a)What kind of inheritance is this? ______

b)Can a women be colorblind? ______

c)Explain: ______

46)A man is normal but marries a woman that is a carrier for hemophilia… What are the chances that their child will have hemophilia?

47)In guinea pigs, the allele for rough coat (R) is dominant to the allele for smooth coat (r), and the allele for black fur (B) is dominant to the allele for white fur (b). Mate a heterozygous rough black guinea pig and a smooth white guinea pig.

a)What are the possible eggs and sperm? (FOIL) ______X ______

b)What are the Phenotype ratios?

56)In the following pedigrees

a)Label each generation and individual

b)Label each individual with the corresponding genotype

c)State whether the condition is dominant or recessive.

d)Sex linked or autosomal

C______C______C______

D______D______D______