Study Guide – Ch. 13 – Renaissance, Reformation, and Scientific Revolution

  1. The ______refers to the time period when Europe essentially reawakens from the Medieval Period and serves as a link to the modern age.
  1. The humanists of the Renaissance differed from medieval philosophers in the humanists emphasized the importance of the ______rather than a strict focus on the ______.
  1. Artists often painted ______to reflect humanism in their work.
  1. Why is Da Vinci known as the “Renaissance Man”?
  1. The Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel was painted by ______?
  1. To be a “patron of the arts” meant ______.
  1. Jan van Eyck and Peter Paul Rubens are considered northern Renaissance artist from the region of ______.
  1. In Leonardo do Vinci’s ______, Christ is depicted with his disciples at the moment in which he tells them he will be betrayed by one of them.
  1. What was the general theme of Albrecht Durer’s engravings?
  1. Johann Gutenberg is credited with the ______.
  1. Machiavelli believed it was better for a leader to be ______rather than ______.
  1. ______was known for such works as Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, and Macbeth.
  1. What are some effects of the invention of the printing press?
  1. Define Vernacular.
  1. What did the Protestant Reformation & European Renaissance have in common?
  1. John Wycliffe helped set the stage for the ______by preaching sermons about Church corruption and was the motivation for an early ______translation of the Bible.
  1. One of the early criticisms of the church was its’ practice of selling salvation in the form of ______.
  1. The major concern of Martin Luther was his concern that the Church had become more interested in ritual rather than the ______.
  1. Who spoke of the concept of Predestination?
  1. The Protestant Reformation was met by the Catholic Counter-______.
  1. In Spain,the ______would have been used to prevent the spread of Protestantism during the Counter Reformation.
  1. Reform of the Catholic Church was the primary purpose of the ______of ______.
  1. Henry VIII’s desire to divorce his wife Catherine of Aragon triggered the adoption of the ______Church as the official church of ______.
  1. The “Society of Jesus” or ______was founded by ______as a new Catholic order to combat the ill effects of the Reformation.
  1. What was a major side-effect of so many religions occupying Europe around the 1600’s?
  1. In his study of the heavens, ______theorized that the long held belief that the earth was this center of the universe, known as ______was wrong.
  2. The Renaissance and the Reformation both contributed to the Scientific Revolution because all three challenged ______views which rationalized that the Church was the authority in all answers of life.
  1. Achievements in astronomy, mathematics, chemistry, and medicine are a reflection of ______thinking.
  1. Vesalius, Harvey, & van Leeuwenhoek were all leaders in ______(field of study).
  1. In the scientific method, the hypothesis does what?