Study Guide Biology 1408 Exam 1 s1
Study Guide Biology 1408 Exam 2
The Exam will cover Chapters 3 and 4. Please do your Mastering Biology assignments. They are open till after your Exam but it will help you study and prepare for the Exam if you do them prior to the Exam . It is part of this course and your reward for doing the work is a) 40% of your lecture grade b) you will expand your knowledge. Mastering Biology only requires a positive attitude and effort.
Below is an additional study guide. Use your notes, your textbook and these questions to study with. Answer the questions by writing them out to the fullest. Imagine getting 2 questions on your exam per item; that makes about 60 questions. So expect about that much. IN addition, you textbook has questions on each page below a paragraph , marked with a big gray question mark. Try to answer them before peeking at the answers. Finally, at the end of each chapter are questions and problems as well; work them. You need to be prepared do to well. So start studying tonight and every night after that. The number one reason for not doing well is because students forget to study (which is not the same as looking at the pictures in your textbook).
1. Life is based on organic chemistry ; what element is thus central to life ? If I give you an abbreviated carbon skeleton, could you fill in the rest ? (for example, write the complete structural formula for this molecule)
2. What is the a HYDRO-CARBON ? What is the difference between hydrophilic and hydrophobic ? Hydrocarbon chains are said to be hydrophobic; can you explain why ? (also see next question for that)
3. What is an isomer ? What are the 6 functional groups that provide functionality to carbon chains ? (name them and draw them). All except one provides hydrophillic properties; which one is the exception ?
4. Macromolecules are made from basic monomers strung together into polymers. Do you understand that principle ? Dehydration synthesis and a hydrolysis reaction have to do with this; can you explain these two processes ?
5. What are the 4 different classes of organic molecules present in living tissues ? Three of these can form macromolecules: which one doesn’t ?
6. What do we call the sugars ? What do we call the building blocks ( monomers) of the sugars (the simple sugars) ? Give 3 examples of a simple sugar and their chemical formula. Why do we actually call them CARBO-HYDRATES ?
7. What is the difference between HYDRO CARBONS AND CARBO HYDRATES ? And which one is soluble in water ?
8. What do we call a sugar that is made from two simple sugars ? A sugar made from a whole bunch a simple sugars ? Give 3 examples of each !! Why do we need sugars ?
9. What is special about the fats/lipids ? What 3 classes of Lipids did we look at ? What is the difference between each of them ? If I give you a picture of each of them, can you recognize them ? Give 3 examples where these lipids are of importance in your daily existence !
10. What are the building blocks (monomers) of proteins ? Can you recognize those basic molecules when shown in a picture ? What do we call the molecule when we string together 2 such monomers ? What do we call the bond between two such monomers ?
11. What do we call a molecule when we string together 20 or 30 or 100 amino acids together ? Where in your body is the information to string proteins together in the correct orientation ?
12. What is the difference between primary, tertiary and quaternary structure of a protein ? What does denaturation have to do with this ?
13. The nucleotide is the monomer of a nucleic acid ; what makes up a nucleotide ? What does DNA and RNA actually stand for ? What is the function of DNA and RNA ? What is the difference between transcription ad translation ?
14. Which bases pair with each other ? What does it mean that DNA is a double helix ? Compare and contrast the structure of DNA with RNA.
15. Describe the importance of microscopes in viewing cellular structure. What is the difference between light microscopes and electron microscopes ?
16. Who were the early pioneers in microscopy ? During what time era did they live ?
17. What sizes are we dealing with when looking at cells ? Distinguish between the size of a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell…. Give me a number.
18. What is the relationship between size and surface to volume ratio and what aspect makes it advantageous to cells ?
19. What are the basics of a cell organization and what makes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. ?
20. What is important about the cell theory and why did they rejected the spontaneous generation theory ?
21. Describe the term membraneous organelle . Do we find organelles in prokarypotes, eukaryotes or in both ? What different organelles are in the cell and what is their function ? We have seen many of them…. Know them and their basic function; for example, what is the difference between smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum ?
22. What is the endomembrane system ? What organelles are involved starting from the making of a protein to the export out of a cell ?
23. What cellular organelles are involved in the breakdown of important cellular molecules ? What could go wrong with this system ?
24. Can you provide an example of what cellular organelle(s) is(are) found only in plants and not in animals ?
25. Describe the structure of the cell membranes; what makes up a cell membrane ? And how is membrane structure related to function ? What is/are the functions ?
26. What energy forms are important in biology ? How are they converted ? Which organelles are important in energy transformation ? What is the endo-symbiotic hypothesis ?
27. What is the cytoskeleton ? Which different protein filaments are part of it and what is their main function ?
28. Compare and contrast cilia and flagella.
29. What is the Extracellular Matrix ?
30. What structures and junctions are typical for animal cells but not for plant cells and visa versa ?