Study Guide: Ancient Greece

Cleisthenes / Peisistratus / Darius / Cyrus
-Father of Democracy
-Greece had a direct democracy
-Voted at assembly / -Tyrant- Took power by force
-Fair ruler/fair laws
-Aristocrats asked a city-state to attack and take over / -Made Royal Road
-Persepolis- Arts/Carving City
-Zoroastrianism, Religion of Good spirits vs evil spirits
-Persia Ruler / -1st Persian Ruler
-Overthrew Medes
-Let people keep beliefs so there were no rebellions
Xerxes / Alexander / Leonidas / Pericles
-Persia leader, son of Darius
-Persian leader at Thermopylae
-Helped burn Athens to the ground / -Macedonia, Son of King Phillip
-Conquered all of Asia
-Legend: Sliced untied knot= Ruler of Asia / -Leader of Spartans
-Leader at Battle of 300
-Heroic effort holding off Persians in Mts, but all 300 Spartans die in battle / -Leader of Athens
-Paid people in juries and in government
-Died in Peloponnesian War because of the Spread of Disease inside city walls

Wars in Greece: Peloponnesian War and Persian Wars

Peloponnesian War / Persian War
Cause: -Athens too powerful
-Stealing and Guarding Money
-Began Delian League forcing others to join / Cause:
-Greece sent troops to colonies to help rebellion in Persia
1st Event:
-Sparta marches to Athens, Athens refuses to fight. Sparta burns farmland / Marathon:
-Athens defeats Persia-Better weapons/clever leaders attacked from sides
2nd Event:
-Athens gets crops/food delivered from Med Sea, Sparta can’t get in / Thermopylae:
-Persia Wins. Greek Traitor shows Persia secret passageway. Battle of 300 occurs, Athens burns
3rd Event:
-Plague spreads throughout Athens, thousands die. Truce is called. / Salamis:
Greece navy tricks Persia and wins the battle by drawing them into a narrow straight
End:
-Athens loses attack at Sicily, Sparta attacks and wins. Sparta takes control / End:
-Greece wins at Plataea, Persia has to retreat. Greece keeps land.

Geography, Causes/Effect, and Sparta vs Athens

Mountains: Lead to isolation (Sparta didn’t talk to Athens)

Seas: Med. Sea, Aeagean Sea, Ionian Sea-> Peninsula.

Points of Interest: Mt Olympus-Home of the Gods. Sea of Crete, Minoans lived there.

Sparta / Similarities / Athens
Military: Age 7-60
Jump, Swan, Threw Javelins
Oligarchy-2 Kings
Women could own property, leave the home, run the house, etc / -Spoke Similar Languages
-Fought in Persian War / Studied Math, Science, History, Reading/Writing
Wealthy Men-Private Tutors
Women had no rights-
Democracy
Causes: / Effect:
Persia outnumbers Greece: / Greece must use strategy, knowledge of land, and better weapons to win
Sparta wins Peloponnesian War: / Sparta rules for 30 years, Greece city-states constantly attacking cause Greece to fall
Alexander the Great controls Asia: / Spread a Hellenistic culture, when he dies there is no one to rule it.

Government in Greece

Oligarchy / Tyranny / Democracy
Aristocrats had all the power
Draco made harsh death penalty laws / When a ruler takes power by force
Peisistratus
Made fair laws, was well liked / Direct Democracy: People voted and participated at assemblies
No women
Slaves/Red tie at assembly to get 6,000 people

Greece Legacy:

-Know some areas of life in Greece and what inventions, contributions, and ideas they made that we still use today.

-Your Greece Booklet/Poster

Terms to Know:

Calvary

Immortals

Agora

Polis

Classical Age

Phalanx

Hellenistic