Student Mastery Activities Book

to accompany

How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education

by

Jack R. Fraenkel

Norman E. Wallen

Helen H. Hyun

The following activities will help you apply and practice the material presented in the textbook.

List of Activities

CHAPTER 1: THE NATURE OF RESEARCH

Activity 1.1: Empirical Vs. Nonempirical Research

Activity 1.2: Basic Vs. Applied Research

Activity 1.3: Types Of Research
Activity 1.4: Assumptions

Activity 1.5: General Research Types

CHAPTER 2: THE RESEARCH PROBLEM

Activity 2.1: Research Questions and Related Designs

Activity 2.2: Changing General Topics into Research Questions

Activity 2.3: Operational Definitions

Activity 2.4: Justification

Activity 2.5: Evaluating Research Questions

CHAPTER 3: LOCATING AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE

Activity 3.1: Library Worksheet

Activity 3.2: Where Would You Look?

Activity 3.3: Do a Computer Search of the Literature

CHAPTER 4: ETHICS AND RESEARCH

Activity 4.1: Ethical or Not?

Activity 4.2: Some Ethical Dilemmas

Activity 4.3: Violations of Ethical Practice

Activity 4.4: Why Would These Research Practices Be Unethical?

Activity 4.5: Is It Ethical to Use Prisoners as Subjects?

CHAPTER 5: VARIABLES AND HYPOTHESES

Activity 5.1: Directional vs. Non-Directional Hypotheses

Activity 5.2: Testing Hypotheses

Activity 5.3: Categorical vs. Quantitative Variables

Activity 5.4: Independent and Dependent Variables

Activity 5.5: Formulating a Hypothesis

Activity 5.6: Moderator Variables

CHAPTER 6: SAMPLING

Activity 6.1: Identifying Types of Sampling

Activity 6.2: Drawing a Random Sample

Activity 6.3: When Is It Appropriate to Generalize?

Activity 6.4: True or False?

Activity 6.5: Stratified Sampling

Activity 6.6: Designing a Sampling Plan

CHAPTER 7: INSTRUMENTATION

Activity 7.1: Major Categories of Instruments and Their Uses

Activity 7.2: Which Types of Instrument Is Most Appropriate?

Activity 7.3: Types of Scales

Activity 7.4: Norm-Referenced vs. Criterion-Referenced Instruments

Activity 7.5: Developing a Rating Scale

Activity 7.6: Design an Instrument

CHAPTER 8: VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY

Activity 8.1: Instrument Validity

Activity 8.2: Instrument Reliability (1)

Activity 8.3: Instrument Reliability (2)

Activity 8.4: What Kind of Evidence: Content-Related, Criterion-Related,

or Construct-Related?

Activity 8.5: What Constitutes Construct-Related Evidence of Validity?

CHAPTER 9: INTERNAL VALIDITY

Activity 9.1: Threats to Internal Validity

Activity 9.2: What Type of Threat?

Activity 9.3: Controlling Threats to Internal Validity

CHAPTER 10: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

Activity 10.1: Construct a Frequency Polygon

Activity 10.2: Comparing Frequency Polygons

Activity 10.3: Calculating Averages

Activity 10.4: Calculating the Standard Deviation

Activity 10.5: Calculating a Correlation Coefficient

Activity 10.6: Analyzing Crossbreak Tables

Activity 10.7: Comparing z Scores

Activity 10.8: Preparing a Five-Number Summary

Activity 10.9: Summarizing Salaries

Activity 10.10: Comparing Scores

Activity 10.11: Custodial Times

Activity 10.12: Collecting Data

CHAPTER 11: INFERENTIAL STATISTICS

Activity 11.1: Probability

Activity 11.2: Learning to Read a t-Table

Activity 11.3: Calculate a t-Test

Activity 11.4: Perform a Chi-Square Test

Activity 11.5: Conduct a t-Test

Activity 11.6: The Big Game

CHAPTER 12: STATISTICS IN PERSPECTIVE

Activity 12.1: Statistical vs. Practical Significance

Activity 12.2: Appropriate Techniques

Activity 12.3: Interpret the Data

Activity 12.4: Collect Some Data

CHAPTER 13: EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

Activity 13.1: Group Experimental Research Questions

Activity 13.2: Designing an Experiment

Activity 13.3: Characteristics of Experimental Research

Activity 13.4: Random Selections Versus Random Assignment

CHAPTER 14: SINGLE-SUBJECT RESEARCH

Activity 14.1: Single-Subject Research Questions

Activity 14.2: Characteristics of Single-Subject Research

Activity 14.3: Analyze Some Single-Subject Data

CHAPTER 15: CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH

Activity 15.1: Correlational Research Questions

Activity 15.2: What Kind of Correlation?

Activity 15.3: Think Up an Example

Activity 15.4: Match the Correlation Coefficient to its Scatterplot

Activity 15.5: Calculate a Correlation Coefficient

Activity 15.6: Construct a Scatterplot

Activity 15.7: Correlation in Everyday Life

Activity 15.8: Regression

CHAPTER 16: CAUSAL-COMPARATIVE RESEARCH

Activity 16.1: Causal-Comparative Research Questions

Activity 16.2: Experiment or Causal-Comparative Study

Activity 16.3: Causal-Comparative Versus Experimental Hypotheses

Activity 16.4: Analyze Some Causal-Comparative Data

CHAPTER 17: SURVEY RESEARCH

Activity 17.1: Survey Research Questions

Activity 17.2: Types of Surveys

Activity 17.3: Open- vs. Closed-Ended Questions

Activity 17.4: Conduct a Survey

CHAPTER 18: THE NATURE OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

Activity 18.1: Qualitative Research Questions

Activity 18.2: Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research

Activity 18.3: Approaches to Qualitative Research

CHAPTER 19: OBSERVATION AND INTERVIEWING

Activity 19.1: Observer Roles

Activity 19.2: Types of Interviews

Activity 19.3: Types of Interview Questions

Activity 19.4: Do Some Observational Research

CHAPTER 20: CONTENT ANALYSIS

Activity 20.1: Content Analysis Research Questions

Activity 20.2: Content Analysis Categories

Activity 20.3: Advantages vs. Disadvantages of Content Analysis

Activity 20.4: Do a Content Analysis

CHAPTER 21: ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH

Activity 21.1: Ethnographic Research Questions

Activity 21.2: True or False?

Activity 21.3: Do Some Ethnographic Research

CHAPTER 22: HISTORICAL RESEARCH

Activity 22.1: Historical Research Questions

Activity 22.2: Primary or Secondary Source?

Activity 22.3: What Kind of Historical Source?

Activity 22.4: True or False?

CHAPTER 23: MIXED METHODS RESEARCH

Activity 23.1: Mixed-Methods Research Questions

Activity 23.2: Identifying Mixed-Methods Designs

Activity 23.3: Research Questions in Mixed-Methods Designs

Activity 23.4: Identifying Terms in Mixed-Methods Studies

CHAPTER 24: ACTION RESEARCH

Activity 24.1: Action Research Questions

Activity 24.2: True or False?

CHAPTER 25: PREPARING RESEARCH PROPOSALS AND REPORTS

Activity 25.1: Put Them in Order

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