Student Mastery Activities Book
to accompany
How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education
by
Jack R. Fraenkel
Norman E. Wallen
Helen H. Hyun
The following activities will help you apply and practice the material presented in the textbook.
List of Activities
CHAPTER 1: THE NATURE OF RESEARCH
Activity 1.1: Empirical Vs. Nonempirical Research
Activity 1.2: Basic Vs. Applied Research
Activity 1.3: Types Of Research
Activity 1.4: Assumptions
Activity 1.5: General Research Types
CHAPTER 2: THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
Activity 2.1: Research Questions and Related Designs
Activity 2.2: Changing General Topics into Research Questions
Activity 2.3: Operational Definitions
Activity 2.4: Justification
Activity 2.5: Evaluating Research Questions
CHAPTER 3: LOCATING AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
Activity 3.1: Library Worksheet
Activity 3.2: Where Would You Look?
Activity 3.3: Do a Computer Search of the Literature
CHAPTER 4: ETHICS AND RESEARCH
Activity 4.1: Ethical or Not?
Activity 4.2: Some Ethical Dilemmas
Activity 4.3: Violations of Ethical Practice
Activity 4.4: Why Would These Research Practices Be Unethical?
Activity 4.5: Is It Ethical to Use Prisoners as Subjects?
CHAPTER 5: VARIABLES AND HYPOTHESES
Activity 5.1: Directional vs. Non-Directional Hypotheses
Activity 5.2: Testing Hypotheses
Activity 5.3: Categorical vs. Quantitative Variables
Activity 5.4: Independent and Dependent Variables
Activity 5.5: Formulating a Hypothesis
Activity 5.6: Moderator Variables
CHAPTER 6: SAMPLING
Activity 6.1: Identifying Types of Sampling
Activity 6.2: Drawing a Random Sample
Activity 6.3: When Is It Appropriate to Generalize?
Activity 6.4: True or False?
Activity 6.5: Stratified Sampling
Activity 6.6: Designing a Sampling Plan
CHAPTER 7: INSTRUMENTATION
Activity 7.1: Major Categories of Instruments and Their Uses
Activity 7.2: Which Types of Instrument Is Most Appropriate?
Activity 7.3: Types of Scales
Activity 7.4: Norm-Referenced vs. Criterion-Referenced Instruments
Activity 7.5: Developing a Rating Scale
Activity 7.6: Design an Instrument
CHAPTER 8: VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY
Activity 8.1: Instrument Validity
Activity 8.2: Instrument Reliability (1)
Activity 8.3: Instrument Reliability (2)
Activity 8.4: What Kind of Evidence: Content-Related, Criterion-Related,
or Construct-Related?
Activity 8.5: What Constitutes Construct-Related Evidence of Validity?
CHAPTER 9: INTERNAL VALIDITY
Activity 9.1: Threats to Internal Validity
Activity 9.2: What Type of Threat?
Activity 9.3: Controlling Threats to Internal Validity
CHAPTER 10: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
Activity 10.1: Construct a Frequency Polygon
Activity 10.2: Comparing Frequency Polygons
Activity 10.3: Calculating Averages
Activity 10.4: Calculating the Standard Deviation
Activity 10.5: Calculating a Correlation Coefficient
Activity 10.6: Analyzing Crossbreak Tables
Activity 10.7: Comparing z Scores
Activity 10.8: Preparing a Five-Number Summary
Activity 10.9: Summarizing Salaries
Activity 10.10: Comparing Scores
Activity 10.11: Custodial Times
Activity 10.12: Collecting Data
CHAPTER 11: INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
Activity 11.1: Probability
Activity 11.2: Learning to Read a t-Table
Activity 11.3: Calculate a t-Test
Activity 11.4: Perform a Chi-Square Test
Activity 11.5: Conduct a t-Test
Activity 11.6: The Big Game
CHAPTER 12: STATISTICS IN PERSPECTIVE
Activity 12.1: Statistical vs. Practical Significance
Activity 12.2: Appropriate Techniques
Activity 12.3: Interpret the Data
Activity 12.4: Collect Some Data
CHAPTER 13: EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
Activity 13.1: Group Experimental Research Questions
Activity 13.2: Designing an Experiment
Activity 13.3: Characteristics of Experimental Research
Activity 13.4: Random Selections Versus Random Assignment
CHAPTER 14: SINGLE-SUBJECT RESEARCH
Activity 14.1: Single-Subject Research Questions
Activity 14.2: Characteristics of Single-Subject Research
Activity 14.3: Analyze Some Single-Subject Data
CHAPTER 15: CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH
Activity 15.1: Correlational Research Questions
Activity 15.2: What Kind of Correlation?
Activity 15.3: Think Up an Example
Activity 15.4: Match the Correlation Coefficient to its Scatterplot
Activity 15.5: Calculate a Correlation Coefficient
Activity 15.6: Construct a Scatterplot
Activity 15.7: Correlation in Everyday Life
Activity 15.8: Regression
CHAPTER 16: CAUSAL-COMPARATIVE RESEARCH
Activity 16.1: Causal-Comparative Research Questions
Activity 16.2: Experiment or Causal-Comparative Study
Activity 16.3: Causal-Comparative Versus Experimental Hypotheses
Activity 16.4: Analyze Some Causal-Comparative Data
CHAPTER 17: SURVEY RESEARCH
Activity 17.1: Survey Research Questions
Activity 17.2: Types of Surveys
Activity 17.3: Open- vs. Closed-Ended Questions
Activity 17.4: Conduct a Survey
CHAPTER 18: THE NATURE OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
Activity 18.1: Qualitative Research Questions
Activity 18.2: Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research
Activity 18.3: Approaches to Qualitative Research
CHAPTER 19: OBSERVATION AND INTERVIEWING
Activity 19.1: Observer Roles
Activity 19.2: Types of Interviews
Activity 19.3: Types of Interview Questions
Activity 19.4: Do Some Observational Research
CHAPTER 20: CONTENT ANALYSIS
Activity 20.1: Content Analysis Research Questions
Activity 20.2: Content Analysis Categories
Activity 20.3: Advantages vs. Disadvantages of Content Analysis
Activity 20.4: Do a Content Analysis
CHAPTER 21: ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH
Activity 21.1: Ethnographic Research Questions
Activity 21.2: True or False?
Activity 21.3: Do Some Ethnographic Research
CHAPTER 22: HISTORICAL RESEARCH
Activity 22.1: Historical Research Questions
Activity 22.2: Primary or Secondary Source?
Activity 22.3: What Kind of Historical Source?
Activity 22.4: True or False?
CHAPTER 23: MIXED METHODS RESEARCH
Activity 23.1: Mixed-Methods Research Questions
Activity 23.2: Identifying Mixed-Methods Designs
Activity 23.3: Research Questions in Mixed-Methods Designs
Activity 23.4: Identifying Terms in Mixed-Methods Studies
CHAPTER 24: ACTION RESEARCH
Activity 24.1: Action Research Questions
Activity 24.2: True or False?
CHAPTER 25: PREPARING RESEARCH PROPOSALS AND REPORTS
Activity 25.1: Put Them in Order
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