Stress & Holter: Chapter 13 Worksheet

Echocardiography

True/False and make the false statements true

____1. Echocardiography is ultrasound technology as applied to imaging the heart and the associated

great vessels.

____2. The acquisition of echo images is most commonly performed by sonographers , echo-

cardiographers, or cardiovascular anesthesiologists.

____3. Heart structures are displayed with respect to motion and time using stress testing.

____4. M-mode echo provides high temporal resolution and provides information regarding both the

structure and function of the heart.

____5. 2-D echo provided a wider area investigation into the structure and function of the heart within a

90-degree scanning sector.

____6. Doppler affords clinicians a powerful and integral tool for assessing heart function.

____7. With Doppler sound waves are reflected off of moving red blood cells.

____8. There are three types of Doppler techniques: pulse wave, continuous wave, and sound waves.

____9. Pulse wave Doppler is used for the assessment of blood flow at specific locations and for

velocities less than 2 m/s.

____10. Continuous wave Doppler as its name suggests is continuously transmitting and receiving sound

waves using separate crystals.

____11. Color Doppler is a pulse wave technique in which multiple points in a specified sector are

sampled; color is encoded upon a 2-D image and is useful for visualizing the presence of

blood flow, the presence of turbulent blood flow, and shunts.

____12. The portability of echo is unique among cardiovascular imagining modalities.

____13. Transthoracic echo is performed by placing an ultrasound transducer on the patient’s chest and

Images are obtained through the chest wall.

____14. The heart is situated obliquely in the chest with the apex toward the right.

____15. Most cardiovascular imaging is performed along the axis of the body.

____16. There are four standardized anatomic windows for the echo examination and are usually

acquired in this order; parasternal, apical, subcostal, and suprasternal.

____17. Transesophageal echo (TEE)uses an imaging crystal placed on the end of a flexible probe that

is inserted into the esophagus and stomach to image the heart.

____18. Distance between the transducer and the heart is reduced, the spatial resolution of TEE is much

improved for some structures of the heart, resulting in superior image quality.

____19. Echocardiograms are especially used with aortic dissection, valvular endocarditis, prosthetic

Valve malfunction, left atrial appendage thrombus, Interatrial septal defect, and patient

foramen ovale.

____20. Some contraindications for TEE include, dysphagia, esophageal strictures or webs, esophageal

or gastric cancer, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, cervical neck trauma, thrombocytopenia or

coagulopathy.

____21. Risks of TEE include, but are not limited to, aspiration, bronchospasm, respiratory depression,

or hypotension from sedation, bleeding, and trauma to the teeth, esophagus or stomach such

as perforation.

____22. Stress Echo is performed in combination with continuous 12-lead EKG monitoring to improve

the diagnostic accuracy of coronary artery detection or risk stratification of patients with

known coronary artery disease.

____23. With stress echo, exercise is usually done on a treadmill or supine bicycle.

____24. With stress echo using treadmill, imaging can only be performed during exercise .

____25. Patients who cannot exercise for a stress echo, dobutamine is the most common stress agent

used.