SOUNDS OF SCIENCE
PHYSICS IS PHUN – March 2007
SPlease be seated
SWelcome and Thanks (Dan)
SWeb Pages of Interest
STitle Page
Comment: Analysis of why sounds sound the way they do.
SReference Book
1. STANDING WAVES AND THE OVERTONESERIES
SThe Overtone Series
DOvertone series with Fourier synthesizer
TRANSVERSE WAVES
SStanding waves on a string
DG3-28: SUSPENDED SLINKY
SThe Overtone Series
DH4-31: VIOLIN
LONGITUDINAL WAVES
SStanding waves in air columns
DG3-28: SUSPENDED SLINKY
SThe Overtone Series
DH3-14: TWIRL-A-TUNE
Comment: In real instrument many harmonics combine to produce complex wave.
STANDARD ELECTRONIC WAVES
SStandard electronic wave forms
DH1-13: WAVEFORM GENERATOR, SPEAKER AND OSCILLOSCOPE.
(a)sine wave
(b)sawtooth
(c)pulse train
(d)triangular wave
(e)square wave
(page 2)
2. FOURIER SYNTHESIS
SFourier’s Theorem
Comment on Fourier’s theorem (amplitude and phase)
DH4-01: FOURIER SYNTHESIS
(a)sine wave
(b)sawtooth wave
(c)pulse train (optional?)
(d)triangular wave (optional)
(e)square wave
Comments:Harmonics create wave shape and sound
Change amplitude (hear) and phase (do not hear)
Generalize to any wave
4SSlides of synthesis of triangular wave, sawtooth wave, pulse train, square wave
3. FOURIER OR SPECTRUM ANALYSIS
SFourier analysis or Spectrum analysis
ELECTRONIC WAVES
DH4-02: FOURIER ANALYSIS - WAVE SHAPE AND SPECTRUM
(a)sine wave
(b)sawtooth
(c)pulse train
(d)triangular wave
(e)square wave
4SFourier Spectra
(a)sine wave
(b)sawtooth
(c)pulse train
(d)triangular wave
(e)square wave
(page 3)
MUSICAL SOUNDS
SAnalysis of Musical Sounds
2SRecorder background
DH4-02: FOURIER ANALYSIS - WAVE SHAPE AND SPECTRUM
(a)recorder
(b)violin
(c)crumhorn
(d)clarinet
4SFourier Spectra
(a)recorder
(b)violin
(c)crumhorn
(d)clarinet
SFactors in Tone Quality
DH1-52: AUDIOTAPE 82 MIN - SCIENCE OF SOUND - LONG VERSION (Overtones)
Comments: transients (piano, tuned percussion)
inharmonicities (tuned percussion, piano)
vibrato
chorus effect
4. FORMANTS
SSinging Formant
SOrigin of vocal formants
SSimplified formant model
SVocal formant examples
DH4-02: FOURIER ANALYSIS - WAVE SHAPE AND SPECTRUM
Vocal Sounds
(a)ooo
(b)ahh
(c)eee
SFormant Regions for Vowel Sounds
DH4-02: FOURIER ANALYSIS - WAVE SHAPE AND SPECTRUM
Vocal Sounds
(a)vowel sequence: boot-all-balm-but-bat-met-bit-beet
(b)eee at various frequencies
(page 4)
5. AUDIO SPECTROGRAPHS
Comment: Time dependence of audio spectrum
DAUDIO SPECTROGRAMS
SVOCAL FORMANTS FOR VOWEL SOUNDS
DH4-02: FOURIER ANALYSIS - WAVE SHAPE AND SPECTRUM
Vocal "WOW"
DH6-06: SYNTHESIZER - WOW
SSynthesizer and voice "WOW"
SVoice spectrograms of four words
Comment on use of formants to teach speech to profoundly deaf persons
DH6-04: HELIUM VOICE
SDangers of breathing helium
SHe and SF6 Voice
DH6-05: SULFUR HEXAFLUORIDE VOICE
SThanks to Colleague for helping with program.
SGoodbye
Pre-Show Demonstrations
H4-02: FOURIER ANALYSIS - WAVE SHAPE AND SPECTRUM (Oscilloscope)
H5-01: EAR MODEL
RESONANCE TUBE WITH PLUNGER
H4-11: SAVART'S DISKS
H4-53: MOOG ROGUE SYNTHESIZER
H4-55: YAMAHA DX7S DIGITAL SYNTHESIZER
G3-28: SUSPENDED SLINKY
H3-05 KUNDT'S TUBE - OSCILLATOR DRIVEN
H3-13 ROARING TUBE - 8 FT
H3-17 FLAME TUBE
WAVETEK ON AUDIO CART (Guess the frequency.)
SOUND LEVEL METER (Guess the decibel level.)
CLICK ILLUSION CART (in hallway)