SI Table 2: Details of all mixed effect models considered in this study. The three final models are highlighted in the table.

All winter crops – coarse scale model
(spatial resolution = 1 km; n = 294,096) / Fixed effects / Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) / Log- Likelihood
Model 1 / wetstart, wetend, winrainy, totalmonrain, SDII, monnorain, winTmean, winTrange, winNTmean, winNTrange, irri_per / -1445944.4 / 722987.2
Model 2 / wetend, winrainy, totalmonrain, SDII, monnorain, winTmean, winTrange, winNTmean, winNTrange, irri_per / -1445572.7 / 722800.3
Model 3 / wetstart, winrainy, totalmonrain, SDII, monnorain, winTmean, winTrange, winNTmean, winNTrange, irri_per / -1445609.1 / 722818.6
Model 4 / wetstart, wetend, totalmonrain, SDII, monnorain, winTmean, winTrange, winNTmean, winNTrange, irri_per / -1445235.3 / 722631.7
Model 5 / wetstart, wetend, winrainy, SDII, monnorain, winTmean, winTrange, winNTmean, winNTrange, irri_per / -1443737.6 / 721882.8
Model 6 / wetstart, wetend, winrainy, totalmonrain, monnorain, winTmean, winTrange, winNTmean, winNTrange, irri_per / -1445799.6 / 722913.8
Model 7 / wetstart, wetend, winrainy, totalmonrain, SDII, winTmean, winTrange, winNTmean, winNTrange, irri_per / -1445812.5 / 722920.3
Model 8 / wetstart, wetend, winrainy, totalmonrain, SDII, monnorain, winTrange, winNTmean, winNTrange, irri_per / -1408321.6 / 704174.8
Model 9 / wetstart, wetend, winrainy, totalmonrain, SDII, monnorain, winTmean, winNTmean, winNTrange, irri_per / -1442788.9 / 721408.5
Model 10 / wetstart, wetend, winrainy, totalmonrain, SDII, monnorain, winTmean, winTrange, winNTrange, irri_per / -1443092.4 / 721560.2
Model 11 / wetstart, wetend, winrainy, totalmonrain, SDII, monnorain, winTmean, winTrange, winNTmean, irri_per / -1445048.6 / 722538.3
Model 12 / wetstart, wetend, winrainy, totalmonrain, SDII, monnorain, winTmean, winTrange, winNTmean, winNTrange / -1439081.9 / 719554.9
Irrigated wheat – fine scale model
(spatial resolution = 250 m; n = 502) / Fixed effects / Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) / Log- Likelihood
Model 1 / wetstart, wetend, winrainy, totalmonrain, SDII, monnorain, winTmean, winTrange, winNTmean, winNTrange, elevation, slope, soil / -1629.91 / 832.9551
Model 2 / wetend, winrainy, totalmonrain, SDII, monnorain, winTmean, winTrange, winNTmean, winNTrange, elevation, slope, soil / -1626.127 / 830.0633
Model 3 / wetstart, winrainy, totalmonrain, SDII, monnorain, winTmean, winTrange, winNTmean, winNTrange, elevation, slope, soil / -1631.889 / 832.9447
Model 4 / wetstart, wetend, totalmonrain, SDII, monnorain, winTmean, winTrange, winNTmean, winNTrange, elevation, slope, soil / -1601.983 / 817.9916
Model 5 / wetstart, wetend, winrainy, SDII, monnorain, winTmean, winTrange, winNTmean, winNTrange, elevation, slope, soil / -1629.342 / 831.671
Model 6 / wetstart, wetend, winrainy, totalmonrain, monnorain, winTmean, winTrange, winNTmean, winNTrange, elevation, slope, soil / -1630.405 / 832.2027
Model 7 / wetstart, wetend, winrainy, totalmonrain, SDII, winTmean, winTrange, winNTmean, winNTrange, elevation, slope, soil / -1630.031 / 832.0156
Model 8 / wetstart, wetend, winrainy, totalmonrain, SDII, monnorain, winTrange, winNTmean, winNTrange, elevation, slope, soil / -1453.086 / 743.543
Model 9 / wetstart, wetend, winrainy, totalmonrain, SDII, monnorain, winTmean, winNTmean, winNTrange, elevation, slope, soil / -1615.416 / 824.7079
Model 10 / wetstart, wetend, winrainy, totalmonrain, SDII, monnorain, winTmean, winTrange, winNTrange, elevation, slope, soil / -1604.946 / 819.4729
Model 11 / wetstart, wetend, winrainy, totalmonrain, SDII, monnorain, winTmean, winTrange, winNTmean, elevation, slope, soil / -1631.485 / 832.7425
Model 12 / wetstart, wetend, winrainy, totalmonrain, SDII, monnorain, winTmean, winTrange, winNTmean, winNTrange, slope, soil / -1631.645 / 832.8224
Model 13 / wetstart, wetend, winrainy, totalmonrain, SDII, monnorain, winTmean, winTrange, winNTmean, winNTrange, elevation, soil / -1628.189 / 831.0946
Model 14 / wetstart, wetend, winrainy, totalmonrain, SDII, monnorain, winTmean, winTrange, winNTmean, winNTrange, elevation, slope / -1633.502 / 832.7511
Un-irrigated pulses – fine scale model
(spatial resolution = 250 m; n = 64) / Fixed effects / Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) / Log- Likelihood
Model 1 / wetstart, wetend, winrainy, totalmonrain, SDII, monnorain, winTmean, winTrange, winNTmean, winNTrange, elevation, slope, soil / -282.1742 / 158.0871
Model 2 / wetend, winrainy, totalmonrain, SDII, monnorain, winTmean, winTrange, winNTmean, winNTrange, elevation, slope, soil / -283.7112 / 157.8556
Model 3 / wetstart, winrainy, totalmonrain, SDII, monnorain, winTmean, winTrange, winNTmean, winNTrange, elevation, slope, soil / -281.8131 / 156.9065
Model 4 / wetstart, wetend, totalmonrain, SDII, monnorain, winTmean, winTrange, winNTmean, winNTrange, elevation, slope, soil / -284.1739 / 158.0869
Model 5 / wetstart, wetend, winrainy, SDII, monnorain, winTmean, winTrange, winNTmean, winNTrange, elevation, slope, soil / -280.8843 / 156.4422
Model 6 / wetstart, wetend, winrainy, totalmonrain, monnorain, winTmean, winTrange, winNTmean, winNTrange, elevation, slope, soil / -282.3159 / 157.1580
Model 7 / wetstart, wetend, winrainy, totalmonrain, SDII, winTmean, winTrange, winNTmean, winNTrange, elevation, slope, soil / -271.5056 / 151.7528
Model 8 / wetstart, wetend, winrainy, totalmonrain, SDII, monnorain, winTrange, winNTmean, winNTrange, elevation, slope, soil / -282.9609 / 157.4804
Model 9 / wetstart, wetend, winrainy, totalmonrain, SDII, monnorain, winTmean, winNTmean, winNTrange, elevation, slope, soil / -284.1206 / 158.0603
Model 10 / wetstart, wetend, winrainy, totalmonrain, SDII, monnorain, winTmean, winTrange, winNTrange, elevation, slope, soil / -283.9829 / 157.9914
Model 11 / wetstart, wetend, winrainy, totalmonrain, SDII, monnorain, winTmean, winTrange, winNTmean, elevation, slope, soil / -283.3200 / 157.6600
Model 12 / wetstart, wetend, winrainy, totalmonrain, SDII, monnorain, winTmean, winTrange, winNTmean, winNTrange, slope, soil / -283.7002 / 157.8501
Model 13 / wetstart, wetend, winrainy, totalmonrain, SDII, monnorain, winTmean, winTrange, winNTmean, winNTrange, elevation, soil / -278.8377 / 155.4189
Model 14 / wetstart, wetend, winrainy, totalmonrain, SDII, monnorain, winTmean, winTrange, winNTmean, winNTrange, elevation, slope / -281.8160 / 156.9080