Semester Exam Study Guide: Part 1

Chapter 11 – Later Middle Ages

I. Black Death and the Social Crisis

  1. Famine, black death, economic dislocation

II. War and political instability

a. Hundred Years’ War

  1. Causes
  2. Joan of Arc
  3. Significance

b. Political Institution of:

  1. England
  2. Germany
  3. States of Italy: Milan, Florence, Venice

III. Decline of the Church

a. Papacy of Avignon

  1. Great Schism
  2. Conciliarism
  3. Mysticism
  4. Changes in Theology

IV. Cultural World of the 14th Century

a. Dante

b. Petrarch

c. Boccaccio

d. Chaucer

e. art of the Black Death.

V. Society in Age of Adversity

a. Urban and family life

b. New Medicines

c. Inventions

Chapter 12 Age of the Renaissance

I. Meaning and Characteristics of the Renaissances

II. Renaissance Society

a. Ecomony: Trade, Industries, Medici Family

b. Society

c. Renaissance Family

III. The Italian States

a. Five Major States and Independent City States

b. Italian Warfare

c. Modern Diplomacy

d. Machiavelli – The Prince

IV. Intellectual Renaissance in Italy

a. Italian Renaissance Humanism

b. Education

c. Humanism and History

d. Significance of Printing

V. Artistic Renaissance

a. Art in the Early Renaissance

b. Art in the High Renaissance

c. The Artistic Social Status

d. The Northern Artistic Renaissance

  1. Music

VI. European State in the Renaissance

a. French Monarchy

b. England: Civil War

c. Unification of Spain

d. Holy Roman Empire: Success of the Habsburgs

e. Struggle in Eastern Europe

  1. Ottoman Turks and the End of the Byzantine Empire

VII. Church in the Renaissance

a. Problems of heresy and reform

  1. Wyclif and Lollardy
  2. Hus and Hussites
  3. Reform and Church

b. Renaissance Papacy

Chapter 13: Reformation and Religious Warfare in the 16th Century

A. Christian or Northern Renaissance Humanism

  1. Erasmus
  2. Thomas More

B. Church and Religion on the Eve of the Refomation

A. Indulgence Controversy

B. Rise of Luternaism – spread of ideas

C. Organizing the Church

D. Germany and the Reformation: Religion and Politics

  1. The Frencha dnthe Papacy
  2. Politics in Germany

C. Spread of the Protestant Reformation

1. Swinglian Reformation - Zurich

2. Anabaptists

3. Reformation in England: Reaction under Mary

4. Calvinism: Geneva

D. Social Impact

  1. Family, Education,
  2. Religious Practices

E. Catholic Reformation: Counter-Reformation

  1. Revival of Old Orders
  2. Society of Jesus
  3. Revived Papacy: The Council of Trent

F. Wars of Religion in the 16th Century

  1. French Wars of Religion
  2. Philip II and Militant Catholicism
  3. Revolt in the Netherlands
  4. England and Elizabeth

Chapter 14

A. The New World

  1. Means/motives for exploring

B. The Portuguese and Spanish Empires

  1. Portuguese Maritime Empire – India and spices
  2. Voyages to the New World
  3. Columbus
  4. Spanish Empire in the New World
  5. Conquests and early civilizations

C. New Rivals on the World Stage

1. African Slave Trade: Origin, growth, effects

2. French and British in India

  1. China – Ming and Qing Dynasties and Western Inroads
  2. Japan – opening to the West
  3. Americas – West Indies, British and French in North America

D. Impact of European Expansion

  1. The Conquered: Catholic Missionaries
  2. Conquerors

E. A World Economy: Movement toward Globalization

Chapter 15: State Building and the Search for Order in the Seventeenth Century

A. Social Crisis, War and Rebellions

  1. Witchcraft Craze
  2. Thirty Years War
  3. Rebellions

B. Practice of Absolutism: Western Europe

  1. France
  2. Cardinal Richelieu and Cardinal Mazarin
  3. Reign of Louis XIV
  4. Decline of Spain: Philip IV

C. Absolutism in Central, Eastern, and Northern Europe

  1. Germany
  2. Italy
  3. Russia
  4. Great Northern States: Denmark and Sweden
  5. Ottoman Empire
  6. Limits of Absolutism

D. Limited Monarchy and Republics

  1. Polish Monarchy
  2. Golden Age and the Dutch Republic – Life in Amersterdam
  3. England and the emergence of a Constintuional Monarchy
  4. King James I and Parliament
  5. Charles I and more toward Rebellion.
  6. Civil War in England
  7. Cromwell and the New Governments
  8. Restoration of the Monarchy
  9. A Glorious Revolution

E. European Culture

  1. Changes in faces of Art – Baroque Period; French Classicism
  2. Dutch Realism
  3. Age of Theater – Shakespeare; French Drama

Chapter 16: Toward a New Heaven and New Earth: The Scientific Revolution and the Emergence of Modern Science

I. Background of the Scientific Revolution: Ancient Authors and Renaissance artists

II. Revolution in Astronomy

  1. Copernicus
  2. Brahe
  3. Kepler
  4. Galileo
  5. Newton

II. Advances in Medicine and Chemistry

  1. Parcelsus
  2. William Harvey
  3. Chemistry

IV Women and science

V. Toward a New Earth:

  1. Descartes
  2. Rationalism
  3. And New View of Humankind

VI. Scientific Method and Scientific Knowledge

  1. Scientific Method – Bacon and Descartes
  2. Scientific Knowledge spreading
  3. Science and Religion – Pascal

Chapter 17.

I. The Enlightenment

A. How did the Enlightenment come about?

B. Philophes and their ideas

  1. Montesquieu and Political Thought
  2. Voltaire
  3. Didort and Enclycopedia
  4. “Science of Man”
  5. Laater Enlightenment
  6. Rousseau and the Social Contract
  7. “Woman’s Question” in the Enlightment

II. Culture and Society in the Enlightenment

A. Innovations in art and music and literature

B. High Culture and the 18th century

C. Crime and Punishment

D. World of Medicine

E. Popular culture: Carnival, Taverns, Alcohol, Literacy and Primary Education

III. Religion and the Church

A. Istitutional Church

  1. Church – state relations
  2. Toleration and Religious minorities
  3. Toleration of the Jews

B. Popular Religion in the 18th Century

  1. Catholic Piety
  2. Proestant revivavlism

John Wesley and Methodism