Name: ______Score : _____/39
Self Assessment: RNA Structure and Protein Synthesis
1. – 3. Draw an RNA nucleotide. How is it similar to/different from DNA?
Name each one and tell its function intranscription/translation (protein synthesis)
4. – 5. Describe mRNA. What does it do intranscription/translation?
6. – 7. Describe rRNA. What does it do intranscription/translation?
8. – 9. Describe tRNA. What does it do intranscription/translation?
To the right is a picture of transcription and translation. Label:
A. amino acid
B. anticodon
C. codon
D. DNA
E. mRNA
F. peptide bond
G. polypeptide
H. rRNA
I. tRNA
18. – 24. Describe transcription by filling in the blank with an appropriate word.
(1 point each)
In the ______of the cell, DNA is copied by ______, an enzyme, onto a single strand of ______. Only one part of a chromosome, called a ______is copied and it represents the code for one ______that runs a function in your body somewhere. Transcription starts at a region called a ______and ends at a ______signal.
25. – 36.Describe translation by filling in the blank with an appropriate word.
(1 point each)
A piece of mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes into the cytoplasm to a ______, which is made out of ___RNA. There, it is “decoded” ______nucleotides at a time. A sequence on the mRNA called a ______matches a sequence on a ___RNA called an ______. When this happens an ______is added to the chain. The result is a ______, which will later be modified into a protein. The three steps are starting the molecule, ______, continuing to make it bigger, ______and finishing ______. ______ribosome can decode a single strand of mRNA at one time.
Decode this piece of DNA using the wheel provided.
Here is a DNA strand: G G C T T A C C A T G T A C C
37. The matching RNA strand is:
38. The amino acids would be:
39. There are 64 codons, but only 20 amino
acids. Why don’t they match?
Name: __Answer Key__ Score : _39_/39
Self Assessment: RNA Structure and Protein Synthesis
1. – 3. Draw an RNA nucleotide. How is it similar to/different from DNA?
Similar: Different:
sugarribose
nitrogen baseuracil (not thymine)
phosphatesingle strand
Name each one and tell its function in transcription/translation (protein synthesis)
4. – 5. Describe mRNA. What does it do intranscription/translation?
Long, single strand; carries code (3 bases … codon) from DNAto be decoded from transcription to translation
6. – 7. Describe rRNA. What does it do intranscription/translation?
Single strands make up ribosomes (with proteins, too), where polypeptide is made in translation
8. – 9. Describe tRNA. What does it do intranscription/translation?
Single strand, twisted like a clover; matches (3 bases … anticodon) in mRNA and brings 1 and only 1 amino acid in translation
To the right is a picture of transcription and translation. Label:
A. amino acid
B. anticodon
C. codon
D. DNA
E. mRNA
F. peptide bond
G. polypeptide
H. rRNA
I. tRNA
18. – 24. Describe transcription by filling in the blank with an appropriate word.
(1 point each)
In the __nucleus_ of the cell, DNA is copied by _RNA polymerase_, an enzyme, onto a single strand of _mRNA_. Only one part of a chromosome, called a _gene_ is copied and it represents the code for one _protein_ that runs a function in your body somewhere. Transcription starts at a region called a __promoter_ and ends at a _termination_ signal.
25. – 36.Describe translation by filling in the blank with an appropriate word.
(1 point each)
A piece of mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes into the cytoplasm to a __ribosome_, which is made out of _r_RNA. There, it is “decoded” _3_ nucleotides at a time. A sequence on the mRNA called a _codon_ matches a sequence on a _t_RNA called an _anticodon_. When this happens an _amino_ _acid_ is added to the chain. The result is a _polypeptide_, which will later be modified into a protein. The three steps are starting the molecule, _initiation_, continuing to make it bigger, _elongation_ and finishing _termination_. _>1_ ribosome can decode a single strand of mRNA at one time.
Decode this piece of DNA using the wheel provided.
Here is a DNA strand: G G C T T A C C A T G T A C C
37. The matching RNA strand is: C C G A A U G G U A C A U G G
38. The amino acids would be: proline–asparagine–glycine–threonine-tryptophan
39. There are 64 codons, but only 20 amino
acids. Why don’t they match?
One codon is start
(AUG…methionine), several are stop codons (UAA, UAG, UGA) and some amino acids have more than one codon (e.g. Valine is UGA, UGC, UGG, UGU)