Seed Roll Plan of Jharkhand State
The agricultural economy of Jharkhand state is characterized by dependence on monsoon. Low investment, inadequate irrigation facilities and small and marginal holdings, mono-cropping are the dominant factors for low productivity. The dependence of agriculture on the vagaries of the monsoon can be judged from the fact that as much as 89-90% of the total cultivated area is rainfed. Though the average annual rainfall of the state is static 1280mm but its distribution is very erratic. The state of Jharkhand also faces the ill effects of climate change and drought being the predominant one in this plateau region. The climate change is realty know and every year is warmer than the previous one. Moreover, the ill effects of climate change are being reflected through increase in the frequencies of extreme events (temperature extremes, rainfall distribution, droughts and submergence etc.). In last one decade (2006-07 to 2016-17), drought has hit hard six times by affecting crop area coverage, production and productivity. Not only droughts, but cyclones during the month of October and November also affected crop production severely. Jharkhand being rainfed state always faces the problems of availability of quality seed and virtually any discussion regarding the improvement in agriculture inevitably concludes on the use and availability of quality seed. The food security of the state is heavily dependent upon the seed security and therefore, serious attempts are needed to make available the quality seed in adequate quantity at affordable prices to the farming communities of the state. The estimated contribution of seeds in the productivity is considered to be 20-25 per cent. Therefore, ensuring the availability of quality seeds for enabling farmers to achieve higher agricultural production is a strategic requirement.
Background information
Jharkhand is a rural state and the majority of the population is dependent mainly on agriculture. In spite of rich natural resources the state is rated as backward one due to poor agricultural growth and output. According to the 55th round of National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO), 10.46% of all households in Jharkhand faced seasonal food insecurity and 2.5% of the households face chronic food shortage. Furthermore, it was revealed that 64% of the households face food shortage for 2-3 months while as much as 28% households did not have sufficient food for 4-5 months. Jharkhand agriculture is characterized by having good natural resources in terms of ideal climatic conditions, sufficient rainfall but deficient water availability for irrigation, ideally suited land topography for horticultural crops. But due to improper exploitation of natural resources, insufficient infrastructure and market facilities, the mono-cropping traditionally has been the hallmark of Jharkhand agriculture. Droughts are regular features of the state and after every two-three years there is a drought in the state. In addition the cyclones also affected crop production particularly post summer season crops. Nevertheless, the increasing human population pressure, diminishing natural resources, declining factor productivity and diversion of agricultural land for other purposes also exaggerated the problems. Since, the varieties are being cultivated in the ever changing environments and their yield and stability affected negatively. Farmers need a genetically diverse portfolio of improved varieties, suited to a range of agro-ecosystems, farming practices, and resilient to climate change.
The total geographical area of Jharkhand state is 79.72 lakh ha. and cultivable land for agriculture is approximately 38 lakh ha. The climate is dry with less moisture. The soil is acidic in nature and irrigation facilities are very meagre. Only 12% in Kharif season and 6-8% area in Rabi season is irrigated. The average annual rainfall of the state is 1280mm but due to its inadequate distribution more than 80% water runoff, rainfall occurs around 100 days only out of 365 days. Normally, the rain starts from 15th June and ends by 25th September. The main crops of Jharkhand state are paddy, maize, wheat, pulses, oilseeds, potato and vegetables. Besides this there are good opportunities to raise horticultural crops in the state. The state profile of Jharkhand is given in table 1:
Table 1: Jharkhand state profile
Area in Lakhs HaArea in %
* Total Geographical Area: 79.71
* Total Cultivable Land :38.00
* Net Sown Area:24-2528.08%
*Grossed sown area:28.70
*Area sown morethan once:3.80
* Current Fallow:8.8711.12%
* Other Fallow:6.7508.46%
* Forest:23.2829.20%
* Barren & cultivable land:5.747.20%
* Non – Agricultural Use:6.868.60%
* Pasture and other grazing land:1.972.48%
*Difference kind of trees:1.131.42%
* Cultivable Waste Land:2.743.44%
* Irrigated land:2.5412%
* Cropping Intensity :125%
The average productivity of major field crops in Jharkhand is far below than the national average, which indicates the backwardness of the agriculture in the state, as indicated in Table 2 only productivity of pulses is higher than the national average and contrastingly, the productivity of oilseed crops is far below than the productivity at national level which is a matter of grave concern. However, for the first time the 2011-12, the recorded productivity of rice and pulse crops in Jharkhand remained high and since then the productivity of these crops is higher as compared to national average. However, in maize and oilseeds the productivity of Jharkhand remained below the national average causing serious concern for productivity enhancement of these crops also.
Table 2: Comparative description of productivity (kg/ha) of major field/food crops of Jharkhand and all India
Year / Paddy / Wheat / Maize / Pulses / Food grain / Oilseed cropsJhar. / India / Jhar. / India / Jhar. / India / Jhar. / India / Jhar. / India / Jhar. / India
2001-02 / 1797 / 2079 / 1764 / 2762 / 1496 / 2000 / 783 / 607 / 1663 / 1734 / 661 / 913
2002-03 / 1497 / 1744 / 1734 / 2610 / 1708 / 1681 / 613 / 543 / 1408 / 1535 / 634 / 691
2003-04 / 1694 / 2078 / 1719 / 2713 / 1600 / 2041 / 556 / 635 / 1507 / 1727 / 352 / 1064
2004-05 / 1495 / 1984 / 1614 / 2602 / 1457 / 1907 / 653 / 577 / 1068 / 1652 / 564 / 885
2005-06 / 1150 / 2102 / 1340 / 2619 / 1266 / 1938 / 427 / 598 / 1055 / 1716 / 548 / 1004
2006-07 / 1832 / 2131 / 1528 / 2708 / 1504 / 1912 / 727 / 612 / 1570 / 1756 / 497 / 916
2007-08 / 2023 / 2202 / 1500 / 2802 / 1500 / 2335 / 749 / 625 / 1739 / 1860 / 554 / 1115
2008-09 / 2035 / 2178 / 1541 / 2907 / 1407 / 2414 / 764 / 659 / 1759 / 1909 / 561 / 1006
2009-10 / 1505 / 2125 / 1550 / 2839 / 1332 / 2024 / 733 / 630 / 1339 / 1798 / 475 / 958
2010-11 / 1451 / 2239 / 1500 / 2988 / 1235 / 2540 / 656 / 691 / 1198 / 1930 / 487 / 1193
2011-12 / 3197 / 2393 / 1908 / 3177 / 1446 / 2476 / 817 / 699 / 2566 / 2078 / 679 / 1135
2012-13 / 2833 / 2462 / 1944 / 3118 / 1812 / 2552 / 1169 / 786 / 2256 / 2125 / 783 / 1169
2013-14 / 2694 / 2419 / 2007 / 3059 / 1851 / 2602 / 993 / 770 / 2115 / 2095 / 706 / 1149
2014-15 / 2909 / 2390 / 1975 / 2872 / 1695 / 2552 / 1000 / 744 / 2272 / 2070 / 990 / 1037
2015-16 / 1817 / 1835 / 1559 / 895 / 1432 / 665
Source: Kharif workshop 2016, Deptt. of Agriculture & Cane Development, GOJ
Agriculture statistics at a glance different issues
Comparison of productivity obtained in Jharkhand and at national level of major crops is given in table 3 it is clear from the table that the productivity of rice which is very important crop for food security in Jharkhand has remained low by 7.0% to 54.4% from the creation of the state to 2010-11 but thereafter productivity of rice increased as compared to national average to the tune of 10.3% in 2013-14 to 25.1% in 2011-12. In case of wheat the productivity remained low as compared to the national average and varied from 6.9% lower yield in 2014-15 to as high as 99.2% in 2010-11. In maize, the year in which only marginal superiority in yield was recorded was 2002-03 while in rest of the years the maize productivity of Jharkhand remained as low as 27.1% to as high as 105.7%. In case of pulses Jharkhand recorded higher productivity as compared to national average only in 2003-04, 2005-06 and 2010-11 the productivity was below than the national average. Overall in case of food grains the productivity of Jharkhand remained below than the national average from its birth upto 2013-14 only in 2014-15 the food grain productivity of Jharkhand exceeded by 8.9% as compared to national average. The most worst scenario in Jharkhand with the regard to productivity is reflected in case of oilseed where it remained below ranging from 4.7% in 2014-15 to as high as 202.3% in 2003-04. Therefore, in order to increase the productivity of wheat, maize and oilseeds special attention need to be paid by providing critical inputs such as seed.
Table 3: Productivity (increase/decrease in percentage) obtained in Jharkhand as compared to national level of major crops from 2001-02 to 2014-15
Year / Paddy / Wheat / Maize / Pulses / Food grain / Oilseed2001-02 / -15.7 / -56.6 / -33.7 / 22.5 / -4.2 / -38.1
2002-03 / -16.5 / -50.5 / 1.6 / 11.4 / -9.0 / -9.0
2003-04 / -22.6 / -57.8 / -27.6 / -14.2 / -14.6 / -202.3
2004-05 / -32.7 / -61.2 / -30.9 / 11.6 / -54.7 / -56.9
2005-06 / -82.8 / -95.4 / -53.1 / -40.0 / -62.6 / -83.2
2006-07 / -16.3 / -77.2 / -27.1 / 15.8 / -11.8 / -84.3
2007-08 / -8.9 / -86.8 / -55.7 / 14.8 / -6.9 / -101.3
2008-09 / -7.0 / -88.6 / -71.6 / 13.7 / -8.6 / -79.3
2009-10 / -41.2 / -83.2 / -52.0 / 14.1 / -34.3 / -101.9
2010-11 / -54.4 / -99.2 / -105.7 / -5.3 / -61.1 / -145.0
2011-12 / 25.1 / -66.5 / -71.4 / 14.4 / -12.8 / -67.2
2012-13 / 13.1 / -60.3 / -41.6 / 32.5 / -16.5 / -49.2
2013-14 / 10.3 / -6.9 / -44.6 / 23.1 / -27.9 / -65.4
2014-15 / 17.8 / -45.4 / -50.6 / 25.6 / 8.9 / -4.7
Seed a critical factor for enhancing crop productivity in Jharkhand
The imperative of National food security, nutritional security and economic development demand a very focused and determined approach to raise productivity and production in agriculture. In view of the fact, that the area under cultivation is unlikely to increase significantly, thrust will have to be on raising productivity per unit of cultivated land. Manage Nation through agriculture and manage agriculture through seeds because seed is the basic input on which the performance of other input factors depend. "Seed" is the basic input for increasing the productivity and production of the crops in the state. To give empowerment to farmers, in methodology of seed production in different crops, the Government have introduced the Seed Village Programme concept by which sufficient quantities of quality seed can be produced by way of multiplication of foundation seed into certified seed, in order to meet the local seed requirement and supplying the certified/quality seed reasonable cost to the farmers in time.Food security depends on the seed security of the farming community and strong national seed system provides several advantages, including improving the efficiency of farm management and ensuring high quality output, but the key factor rest with the providing access to new varieties.
Seed replacement rates (SRRs)
In India, in general and Jharkhand in particular where traditional agriculture is still dominate the scene, farm-saved seed (FSS) is the most prominent source to raise crop year after year since farmers are familiar with the seed they grow themselves and know that the variety is adapted to local conditions and preferences. It is reported that more than 70 percent seed usage in India, particularly for food crops is through the farm-saved seed which leads to low SRR. Use of “Farm-Saved-Seed” is the time tested household tradition ingrained in the farming practices. The state of Jharkhand is no way different and the same practice is followed here too. However, the yield potential cannot be realised if due care is not taken regarding varietal and physical purity, seed health and vigour. Seed viability and seed vigour are the important two traits significantly influence crop performance. The use of quality seed solve this problem because the term 'quality' is maintained in the seed as per seed certification standards and the certified seed is supposed to have all the quality parameters as per norms.
It is well known fact that SRR has a strong positive correlation with the productivity and production of crops. The National Policy 2002, clearly emphasis that "it has become evident that in order to achieve the food production targets of the future, a major effort will be required to enhance the seed replacement rate of various crops. This would require a major increase in the production of quality seed---". There is a "strong co-relationships between the quality of seeds, the seed replacement rate and the yields". One of the major reasons for low yields is disappointingly low rate of seed replacement rate. However, the desirable seed replacement rates (SRR), are 33% for self pollinated crops, 50% for cross pollinated crops and 100% for hybrid. The present status of seed replacement rate of different field crops in Jharkhand is given in table 4.
Table 4: Progressive status of seed replacement rate (SRR%) in Jharkhand
Crop / Norms / 2007-08 / 2008-09 / 2009-10 / 2010-11 / 2011-12 / 2012-13 / 2013-14 / 2014-15 / 2015-16Kharif
Rice* / 33 / 7.6 / 14.6 / 23.4 / 25.1 / 17.1 / 22.4 / 15.65 / 15.41 / 28.29
Maize* / 50 / 2.0 / 7.6 / 19.2 / 14.3 / 7.3 / 13.6 / 1.15 / 13.65 / 16.67
Arhar / 33 / - / - / - / 11.7 / 23.6 / 21.6 / 3.26 / 6.70 / 25.00
Urd / 33 / - / - / - / - / 6.9 / 5.1 / 2.96 / 10.01 / 20.00
Mung / 33 / - / - / - / - / 21.2 / 19.0 / 7.03 / 0.00 / 25.00
Horsegram / 33 / - / - / - / 23.7 / 7.6 / 8.8 / 0.00 / 0.00 / 80.00
Niger / 50 / - / - / - / - / - / 39.3 / 0.00 / 0.00 / 72.73
Rabi
Wheat / 33 / - / - / - / 27.6 / 31.9 / 41.2 / 8.34 / 22.26 / 28.57
Lentil / 33 / - / - / - / 13.9 / 6.9 / 6.3 / 4.50 / 2.77 / 34.29
Gram / 33 / - / - / - / 2.4 / 1.3 / 2.9 / 0.73 / 2.48 / 3.17
Pea / 33 / - / - / - / 17.4 / 9.4 / 10.2 / - / - / -
R/mustard / 50 / - / - / - / 72.1 / 20.5 / 34.4 / 2.43 / 15.59 / 40.82
Source:Zonal seed review meeting for Kharif 2010 (North-East Zone) dt. 11.2.2010, MOA-GOI Zonal seed review meeting for Rabi 2011-12 (North-East Zone dt. 12.9.2011), Rabi 2012-13 dt. 14.9.12, MOA-GOI, Deptt. of Agriculture & Cane Development, Jharkhand 2015-16 (seednet.gov.in).* Seed replacement rate of OPVs only excluding hybrids.
Seed rolling plan
The rolling seed plan of any state is marked as a blue print for efficient management of seed chain. Since seed production of any given crop is multistep, having multiple generations of seed multiplication (breeder seed—foundation seed—certified seed). Therefore, planning to produce the desired quantity of certified seed requires careful and advance (2-3 years) planning. The rolling seed plan is always dynamic in which continuous inclusion of new varieties and exclusion of old varieties is an ongoing process. Nevertheless, the area under crops in Jharkhand is always fluctuating depending upon the onset of monsoon as can be seen from the following table.
Table 5: Area (lakh ha.) under different crops in Jharkhand from 2001-02 to 2015-16
Crop / 01-02 / 02-03 / 03-04 / 04-05 / 05-06 / 06-07 / 07-08 / 08-09 / 09-10 / 10-11 / 11-12 / 12-13 / 13-14 / 14-15 / 15-16Rice / 15.2 / 13.8 / 13.6 / 17.8 / 13.5 / 16.2 / 16.4 / 16.7 / 9.8 / 7.2 / 14.7 / 14.1 / 12.6 / 15.0 / 15.9
Wheat / 0.7 / 0.7 / 0.8 / 0.7 / 0.6 / 0.8 / 0.9 / 1.0 / 1.0 / 1.0 / 1.6 / 1.6 / 1.8 / 1.7 / 1.6
Maize / 1.4 / 1.6 / 1.9 / 1.9 / 1.8 / 2.4 / 2.4 / 2.2 / 1.6 / 2.2 / 2.2 / 2.5 / 2.6 / 2.7 / 2.9
Total cereals / 17.3 / 16.1 / 16.3 / 20.3 / 15.9 / 19.5 / 19.7 / 19.9 / 12.4 / 10.4 / 18.4 / 18.3 / 16.9 / 19.4 / 20.4
Pulses / 2.1 / 2.4 / 3.0 / 2.9 / 2.9 / 3.8 / 3.9 / 3.7 / 3.0 / 4.1 / 3.4 / 5.9 / 5.7 / 5.9 / 5.5
Oilseed / 0.8 / 0.9 / 1.0 / 0.9 / 0.9 / 1.5 / 1.2 / 1.3 / 1.4 / 1.8 / 2.3 / 2.5 / 2.8 / 2.8 / 2.8
G. Total / 20.1 / 19.5 / 20.3 / 24.2 / 19.7 / 24.7 / 24.9 / 24.8 / 16.8 / 16.2 / 24.1 / 26.7 / 25.3 / 28.1 / 28.7
As can be seen from the table 5 that the area under the rice crop which is considered the most important from food security point of view remained lowest (7.2 lakh ha. during 2010-11, 9.8 lakh ha. during 2009-10 and 12.6 lakh ha. during 2013-14) the similar trend exist for other crops as well. However, during the drought years the area under pulses and oilseed increased (2013-14). Therefore, the maximum area covered under a particular crop is taken for making seed roll plan.
Guiding principles for making seed roll plan
While commenting on the concept note on agriculture: challenges and way forward Jharkhand, NitiAayog (Govt. of India), stated that Jharkhand State as a whole suffers from several critical gaps in agriculture and allied sectors, though a number of opportunities exists to make the state self-sufficient in agricultural production. Furthermore, as per NitiAayog's (NitiAayog—available at Report_0.pdf).observations:
- That quality seed is most critical for enhancing agriculture production.
- The State is dependent on outside agencies for seed as there is no strong organized system of seed production. Maintaining a strong local seed system with linkage to R&D system in the university or other institutes is necessary.
- There are about 1.0 million ha of rice fallow area, which needs diversification particularly through pulse production.
- At least 0.1 million ha additional area of rice fallow should be brought under pulse production every year.
- Similarly 0.1 million ha additional area of rice fallow should be brought under oilseeds.
- State Agriculture University (SAU) should produce required quantity of Breeder and Foundation Seeds of all promising varieties.
- Strong support system in Lifting & Production of breeder and foundation seeds in order to ensure rolling Plan.
- State Government should develop a mechanism for production of certified seed of promising varieties through creation of adequate number of seed villages/ seed producer societies.
- State Government should ensure procurement of entire quantity of Foundation seed produced by the SAU and of certified seed produced by the seed villages/ seed producer societies.
- Diversification of upland:Unbunded uplands constitute about 0.2 million ha in the State where rice was being grown. With better productivity of rice in the medium and low land with availability of comparatively more water there paving way for diversification of upland rice system. Intensification of high yielding varieties of millet, pigeonpea, blackgram, cowpea, bajra, sorghum, groundnut and maize as sole crops or intercrops and diversification to vegetables or other horticultural crops would be the best alternative replacing upland rice system.
Jharkhand State Seed Roll Plan 2017-18 to 2021-22
Generally, the productivity is positively associated with Seed Replacement Rate (SRR) therefore, fundamental guiding principle is to achieve the standard SRR while formulating the seed roll plan. Therefore, serious efforts are needed on priority basis to increase the seed replacement rate in the crops which are having SRR below the standard norms (maize, wheat, chickpea, arhar, mung, urd, pea etc.). New varieties are needed with higher level of yield and stability to replace the older ones, since the development of new varieties is a continuous programme of almost all coordinated crop improvement programme in India and genetic improvement is a highly cost effective intervention. The adoption and replacement of new high yielding varieties (HYVs) are associated with seed replacement, since it is impossible to change varieties without changing the seed. Another important issue that needs focused attention is SRR and VRR; these are twin perennial bottlenecks that Indian seed sector is ailing. Seed replacement rate has a strong positive correlation with the productivity, hence to meet the desired productivity levels and for marching towards right direction for sustained food security levels, issues viz. skewed SRR (seed replacement rate) and VRR (varietal replacement rate) should be tackled upon. Factors affecting seed replacement rate are listed below:
- Seed rate (kg/ha) of a particular crop
- Nature of pollination (self vs. cross pollination)
- Area under the crop
- Standard seed replacement rate
- Seed multiplication ratio
The crop in which seed rate is low and SMR is high the seed replacement rate as per norms is achieved much faster (rapeseed & mustard, perlmillet, niger etc.) but the crops in which seed rate is high and seed multiplication rate is low the desired SRR is achieved slowly while in certain crops like soybean, groundnut, chickpea, pea in which seed rate is very high but SMR is very low and therefore, to achieve the SRR as per norms takes much more time.
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Seed rolling plan(Kharif Crops) of Jharkhand state (2017-18 to 2021-22)
Table 6: The area of different Kharifcrops, seed rate, seed multiplication ratio (SMR) and seed requirement of Jharkhand.
Crop / S.N. / Area (ha) / Seed rate (kg/ha) / SMR / Seed yield q/ha / Standard SRR (%) / Total CS seed requirement (q) / CS seed requirement (q) based upon standard SRR & area requirement (ha) to produce the required quantity / FS seed requirement (q) based upon standard SRR & area requirement (ha) to produce the required quantity / BS seed requirement (q) based upon standard SRR & area requirement (ha) to produce the required quantity / Total seed requirement (CS+FS+BS) and area requirement to produce the required quantitySeed / Area / Seed / Area / Seed / Area / Seed / Area
Rice / 2017-18 / 1770000 / 50 / 50 / 25 / 33 / 885000 / 292050 / 11682 / 5841 / 233.64 / 116.8 / 4.7 / 298008 / 11920
2018-19 / 1800000 / 50 / 50 / 25 / 33 / 900000 / 297000 / 11880 / 5940 / 237.60 / 118.8 / 4.8 / 303059 / 12122
2019-20 / 1820000 / 50 / 50 / 25 / 33 / 910000 / 300300 / 12012 / 6006 / 240.24 / 120.1 / 4.8 / 306426 / 12257
2020-21 / 1840000 / 50 / 50 / 25 / 33 / 920000 / 303600 / 12144 / 6072 / 242.88 / 121.4 / 4.9 / 309793 / 12392
2021-22 / 1890000 / 50 / 50 / 25 / 33 / 945000 / 311850 / 12474 / 6237 / 249.48 / 124.7 / 5.0 / 318212 / 12728
Maize / 2017-18 / 312600 / 20 / 100 / 20 / 50 / 62520 / 31260 / 1563 / 313 / 15.63 / 3.1 / 0.5 / 31576 / 1579
2018-19 / 320560 / 20 / 100 / 20 / 50 / 64112 / 32056 / 1603 / 321 / 16.03 / 3.2 / 0.5 / 32380 / 1619
2019-20 / 331060 / 20 / 100 / 20 / 50 / 66212 / 33106 / 1655 / 331 / 16.55 / 3.3 / 0.5 / 33440 / 1672
2020-21 / 340060 / 20 / 100 / 20 / 50 / 68012 / 34006 / 1700 / 340 / 17.00 / 3.4 / 0.5 / 34349 / 1718
2021-22 / 349560 / 20 / 100 / 20 / 50 / 69912 / 34956 / 1748 / 350 / 17.48 / 3.5 / 0.5 / 35309 / 1766
Ragi / 2017-18 / 38000 / 7 / 60 / 8 / 33 / 2660 / 877.8 / 110 / 15 / 1.83 / 0.2 / 0.4 / 893 / 112
2018-19 / 38400 / 7 / 60 / 8 / 33 / 2688 / 887.04 / 111 / 15 / 1.85 / 0.2 / 0.4 / 902 / 113
2019-20 / 38800 / 7 / 60 / 8 / 33 / 2716 / 896 / 112 / 15 / 1.87 / 0.2 / 0.4 / 911 / 114
2020-21 / 39200 / 7 / 60 / 8 / 33 / 2744 / 906 / 113 / 15 / 1.89 / 0.3 / 0.4 / 921 / 115
2021-22 / 39600 / 7 / 60 / 8 / 33 / 2772 / 915 / 114 / 15 / 1.91 / 0.3 / 0.4 / 930 / 117
Jowar / 2017-18 / 3000 / 12 / 100 / 10 / 33 / 360 / 119 / 12 / 1 / 0.20 / 0.5 / 0.2 / 120 / 12
2018-19 / 3150 / 12 / 100 / 10 / 33 / 378 / 125 / 12 / 1 / 0.20 / 0.5 / 0.2 / 126 / 13
2019-20 / 3300 / 12 / 100 / 10 / 33 / 396 / 131 / 13 / 1 / 0.20 / 0.5 / 0.2 / 132 / 13
2020-21 / 3450 / 12 / 100 / 10 / 33 / 414 / 137 / 14 / 1 / 0.20 / 0.5 / 0.2 / 138 / 14
2021-22 / 3600 / 12 / 100 / 10 / 33 / 432 / 143 / 14 / 1 / 0.20 / 0.5 / 0.2 / 144 / 15
Bajra / 2017-18 / 1000 / 5 / 200 / 8 / 50 / 50 / 25 / 3 / 1 / 0.50 / 0.5 / 0.4 / 26 / 4
2018-19 / 1050 / 5 / 200 / 8 / 50 / 53 / 26 / 3 / 1 / 0.50 / 0.5 / 0.4 / 27 / 4
2019-20 / 1100 / 5 / 200 / 8 / 50 / 55 / 28 / 3 / 1 / 0.50 / 0.5 / 0.4 / 29 / 4
2020-21 / 1150 / 5 / 200 / 8 / 50 / 58 / 29 / 4 / 1 / 0.50 / 0.5 / 0.4 / 30 / 4
2021-22 / 1300 / 5 / 200 / 8 / 50 / 65 / 33 / 4 / 1 / 0.50 / 0.5 / 0.4 / 34 / 5
Arhar (Tur) / 2017-18 / 304000 / 20 / 50 / 10 / 33 / 60800 / 20064 / 2006 / 401 / 40.13 / 8.0 / 0.8 / 20473 / 2047
2018-19 / 308600 / 20 / 50 / 10 / 33 / 61720 / 20368 / 2037 / 407 / 40.74 / 8.1 / 0.8 / 20783 / 2078
2019-20 / 313600 / 20 / 50 / 10 / 33 / 62720 / 20698 / 2070 / 414 / 41.40 / 8.3 / 0.8 / 21120 / 2112
2020-21 / 318600 / 20 / 50 / 10 / 33 / 63720 / 21028 / 2103 / 421 / 42.06 / 8.4 / 0.8 / 21457 / 2146
2021-22 / 323600 / 20 / 50 / 10 / 33 / 64720 / 21358 / 2136 / 427 / 42.72 / 8.5 / 0.9 / 21793 / 2179
Urd / 2017-18 / 180000 / 20 / 20 / 5 / 33 / 36000 / 11880 / 2376 / 594 / 118.80 / 29.7 / 5.9 / 12504 / 2501
2018-19 / 182000 / 20 / 20 / 5 / 33 / 36400 / 12012 / 2402 / 601 / 120.12 / 30.0 / 6.0 / 12643 / 2529
2019-20 / 184000 / 20 / 20 / 5 / 33 / 36800 / 12144 / 2429 / 607 / 121.44 / 30.4 / 6.1 / 12782 / 2556
2020-21 / 187000 / 20 / 20 / 5 / 33 / 37400 / 12342 / 2468 / 617 / 123.42 / 30.9 / 6.2 / 12990 / 2598
2021-22 / 191000 / 20 / 20 / 5 / 33 / 38200 / 12606 / 2521 / 630 / 126.06 / 31.5 / 6.3 / 13268 / 2654
Mung / 2017-18 / 43000 / 20 / 20 / 5 / 33 / 8600 / 2838 / 568 / 142 / 28.38 / 7.1 / 1.4 / 2987 / 597
2018-19 / 45000 / 20 / 20 / 5 / 33 / 9000 / 2970 / 594 / 149 / 29.70 / 7.4 / 1.5 / 3126 / 625
2019-20 / 47000 / 20 / 20 / 5 / 33 / 9400 / 3102 / 620 / 155 / 31.02 / 7.8 / 1.6 / 3265 / 653
2020-21 / 50000 / 20 / 20 / 5 / 33 / 10000 / 3300 / 660 / 165 / 33.00 / 8.3 / 1.7 / 3473 / 695
2021-22 / 53000 / 20 / 20 / 5 / 33 / 10600 / 3498 / 700 / 175 / 34.98 / 8.7 / 1.7 / 3682 / 736
Kulthi / 2017-18 / 34300 / 25 / 30 / 5 / 33 / 8575 / 2830 / 566 / 94 / 18.87 / 3.1 / 0.6 / 2927 / 585
2018-19 / 36300 / 25 / 30 / 5 / 33 / 9075 / 2995 / 599 / 100 / 19.97 / 3.3 / 0.7 / 3098 / 620
2019-20 / 38300 / 25 / 30 / 5 / 33 / 9575 / 3160 / 632 / 105 / 21.07 / 3.5 / 0.7 / 3269 / 654
2020-21 / 41300 / 25 / 30 / 5 / 33 / 10325 / 3407 / 681 / 114 / 22.72 / 3.8 / 0.8 / 3525 / 705
2021-22 / 44300 / 25 / 30 / 5 / 33 / 11075 / 3655 / 731 / 122 / 24.37 / 4.1 / 0.8 / 3781 / 756
Groundnut / 2017-18 / 32000 / 100 / 6 / 10 / 33 / 32000 / 10560 / 1056 / 1760 / 176.00 / 293.3 / 29.3 / 12613 / 1261
2018-19 / 39000 / 100 / 6 / 10 / 33 / 39000 / 12870 / 1287 / 2145 / 214.50 / 357.5 / 35.8 / 15373 / 1537
2019-20 / 40000 / 100 / 6 / 10 / 33 / 40000 / 13200 / 1320 / 2200 / 220.00 / 366.7 / 36.7 / 15767 / 1577
2020-21 / 44000 / 100 / 6 / 10 / 33 / 44000 / 14520 / 1452 / 2420 / 242.00 / 403.3 / 40.3 / 17343 / 1734
2021-22 / 48000 / 100 / 6 / 10 / 33 / 48000 / 15840 / 1584 / 2640 / 264.00 / 440.0 / 44.0 / 18920 / 1892
Castor / 2017-18 / 1000 / 15 / 40 / 9 / 50 / 150 / 75 / 8 / 2 / 0.40 / 0.5 / 0.4 / 77 / 9
2018-19 / 1250 / 15 / 40 / 9 / 50 / 188 / 94 / 10 / 2 / 0.26 / 0.5 / 0.4 / 97 / 11
2019-20 / 1500 / 15 / 40 / 9 / 50 / 225 / 113 / 13 / 3 / 0.31 / 0.5 / 0.4 / 116 / 13
2020-21 / 1750 / 15 / 40 / 9 / 50 / 263 / 131 / 15 / 3 / 0.36 / 0.5 / 0.4 / 135 / 15
2021-22 / 2000 / 15 / 40 / 9 / 50 / 300 / 150 / 17 / 4 / 0.42 / 0.5 / 0.4 / 154 / 17
Sesame / 2017-18 / 8700 / 8 / 50 / 5 / 33 / 696 / 230 / 46 / 5 / 0.92 / 0.2 / 0.2 / 234 / 47
2018-19 / 9200 / 8 / 50 / 5 / 33 / 736 / 243 / 49 / 5 / 0.97 / 0.2 / 0.2 / 248 / 50
2019-20 / 9700 / 8 / 50 / 5 / 33 / 776 / 256 / 51 / 5 / 1.02 / 0.2 / 0.2 / 261 / 52
2020-21 / 10200 / 8 / 50 / 5 / 33 / 816 / 269 / 54 / 5 / 1.08 / 0.2 / 0.2 / 275 / 55
2021-22 / 10700 / 8 / 50 / 5 / 33 / 856 / 282 / 56 / 6 / 1.13 / 0.2 / 0.2 / 288 / 58
Soybean / 2017-18 / 5000 / 75 / 15 / 10 / 33 / 3750 / 1238 / 124 / 83 / 8.25 / 5.5 / 0.6 / 1326 / 133
2018-19 / 5750 / 75 / 15 / 10 / 33 / 4313 / 1423 / 142 / 95 / 9.49 / 6.3 / 0.6 / 1524 / 152
2019-20 / 6500 / 75 / 15 / 10 / 33 / 4875 / 1609 / 161 / 107 / 10.73 / 7.2 / 0.7 / 1723 / 172
2020-21 / 7250 / 75 / 15 / 10 / 33 / 5438 / 1794 / 179 / 120 / 11.96 / 8.0 / 0.8 / 1922 / 192
2021-22 / 8000 / 75 / 15 / 10 / 33 / 6000 / 1980 / 198 / 132 / 13.20 / 8.8 / 0.9 / 2121 / 212
Niger / 2017-18 / 10000 / 5 / 100 / 5 / 50 / 500 / 250 / 50 / 3 / 0.50 / 0.4 / 0.4 / 253 / 51
2018-19 / 12500 / 5 / 100 / 5 / 50 / 625 / 313 / 63 / 3 / 0.63 / 0.4 / 0.4 / 316 / 64
2019-20 / 15000 / 5 / 100 / 5 / 50 / 750 / 375 / 75 / 4 / 0.75 / 0.4 / 0.4 / 379 / 76
2020-21 / 17250 / 5 / 100 / 5 / 50 / 863 / 431 / 86 / 4 / 0.86 / 0.4 / 0.4 / 436 / 88
2021-22 / 19800 / 5 / 100 / 5 / 50 / 990 / 495 / 99 / 5 / 0.99 / 0.4 / 0.4 / 500 / 100
Table 7: Year wise area of different Kharifcrops, seed rate, seed multiplication ratio (SMR) and seed requirement of Jharkhand.