Session of your preference:
First Option -
Second Option –
Indicate with a cross, if you prefer Poster______or Oral _____:
(INSERT TITLE HERE) ARIAL 16, BOLD, ALIGNED LEFT AND NOT JUSTIFIED
(insert single line space and then the authors)
José Saramago1, Luís de Camões1, Fernando Pessoa2, António Nobre1 (Authors in Arial 11 Bold)Underline presenting author. (Identify address affiliation with numbers. Align left and don’t justify)
(insert single line space and then affiliations)
1Institute name, Address, Postal Code, City, Country
2Faculty and University name, Address, Postal Code, City, Country
(Use Arial 11. Align left and not justified)
(give e-mail address of presenting author)
(insert doubleline space and then the text in Arial, 11, up to a maximum of 3 000 characters(including spaces, up to 2 references and funding acknowledgments, if needed)
Insert here your text English, Portuguese or Spanish, written in Arial, 11, up to a maximum of 3,000 characters (including spaces, up to 2 references and funding acknowledgements). When Darwin was living at Down House in Kent, he often visited his sister in Coleman’s Hatch on the edge of Ashdown Forest. He took walks on the local common where he saw carnivorous plants of the Genus Drosera (sundew). He collected some and began a series of experiments on them at home. His interest became more of a fascination such that his wife remarked to friends that Charles was obsessed with these plants. Nonetheless, his work on Drosera and other carnivorous plants culminated in ‘Insectivorous Plants’ by Charles Darwin, published in 1876. He described the mucilaginous glands (tentacles) they possessed and how they caused the leaves to curl up when stimulated. He had noticed that an insect that landed on a leaf became stuck in the mucus released by the glands and then trapped as the leaf curled around it. When the leaf unfolded, the insect was seen to have decomposed. Darwin reasoned that the mucus somehow broke down the insect tissues so that the plant could obtain nutrition in this way. We now know that it is hydrolytic enzymes in the glands’ secretion that digest macromolecules like protein in the insect tissues. Darwin experimented with a variety of foodstuffs to stimulate the glands including egg white and meat. Not only did he observe which were effective in causing leaf curl, but he also recorded the speed of curling and uncurling. Later on he realised that nitrogenous materials were most effective and that this reflected the nitrogen- poor, peaty, soils where these plants lived. They had therefore evolved a mechanism for survival in these acidic, boggy, soils that other plants had not. He also found that simple inorganic chemicals could stimulate the glands if they contained nitrogen. Particularly successful was ammonium carbonate. He even found that cutting off a leaf and immersing it in a simple chemical solution would cause leaf curl. These experiments are very easy to repeat and they open up a huge area for student investigation. Students could vary the foodstuff or chemical to be used, the size of the stimulating food material or the concentration of chemical. Even the length of time of the stimulation could be varied. If sufficient time were available, students could measure the speed of leaf curl, the time the leaf remained curled (the time taken for digestion), and the speed of recovery. We have conducted similar experiments on plants of the Genus Nepenthes (pitcher plants). An insect that enters a pitcher becomes stuck in the sticky liquid it contains. As it thrashes around trying to escape, it stimulates the lid of the pitcher to close, and so becomes trapped.
If required, add references and acknowledgments:
First reference - Author et al. (2012). Abbreviated Journal name , vol. Pages XX-XX
Second reference - Author & author (2008). Abbreviated Journal name, vol. Pages XX-XX
Acknowledgments: Project funding by XXXDDDSS. Fellowships: xxxxssssddc