Bonding C–XXX
SECTION C: BONDING
INDEX: C001 LEVEL: (U) ANSWER: (A)KEYWORDS:
ALTERNATIVE FORMAT: (TF)
The bonds in are more ionic than those in . Use pairs of responses in separate questions. / In which compound does ionic bonding predominate?
(A) LiBr (B) CO (C) H2O (D) SiC
INDEX: C002 LEVEL: (U) ANSWER: (D)
KEYWORDS: periodic properties
ALTERNATIVE FORMAT: (FR)
Describe the nature of the chemical bonds in a compound consisting of an element having a low ionization potential and a second element having a high electron affinity. / A compound consisting of an element having a low ionization potential and a second element having a high electron affinity is likely to have
(A) covalent bonds.
(B) metallic bonds.
(C) coordinate covalent bonds,
(D) ionic bonds.
INDEX: C003 LEVEL: (A) ANSWER: (D)
KEYWORDS: laboratory
ALTERNATIVE FORMAT: (FR)
What experimental evidence would help prove that a compound contained ionic bonds? / A white crystalline compound is quite soluble in water and gives a solution which conducts an electric current, as does the molten compound. From this evidence the bonding is
(A) coordinate covalent. (C) metallic.
(B) polar covalent. (D) ionic.
INDEX: C004 LEVEL: (U) ANSWER: (C)
KEYWORDS:
ALTERNATIVE FORMAT: (TF)
The bonding in is more ionic than the bonding in . Use each response in a separate question. / In which pair do both compounds exhibit predominantly ionic bonding?
(A) SO2 and HCl (C) NaF and MgO
(B) KNO3 and CH4 (D) KCl and CO2
INDEX: C005 LEVEL: (U) ANSWER: (A)
KEYWORDS:
ALTERNATIVE FORMAT: (TF)
The bonding in is primarily ionic. Use each response in a separate question. / In which compound is the bonding primarily ionic?
(A) KCl (B) OCl2 (C) BCl3 (D) SiCl4
INDEX: C006 LEVEL: (U) ANSWER: (B)
KEYWORDS:
ALTERNATIVE FORMAT: (TF)
is more ionic than . Use pairs of responses in separate questions. / Which represents the most ionic compound?
(A) CCl4 (B) CaCl2 (C) TiCl4 (D) SCl2
INDEX: C007 LEVEL: (U) ANSWER: (B)
KEYWORDS:
ALTERNATIVE FORMAT: (TF)
The bonds in have greater ionic character than those in . Use pairs of responses in separate questions. / Which substance is most highly ionic?
(A) PbCl2 (B) CaF2 (C) SO2 (D) H3N–BF3
INDEX: C008 LEVEL: (A) ANSWER: (D)
KEYWORDS: periodic properties
ALTERNATIVE FORMAT: (FR)
If a compound consists of one element having a low ionization energy and a second element having a high electron affinity, what is the nature of the bond between them most likely to be? / A compound consisting of an element having a low ionization energy and a second element having a high electron affinity is likely to have
(A) covalent bonds.
(B) metallic bonds.
(C) coordinate covalent bonds.
(D) ionic bonds.
INDEX: C009 LEVEL: (A) ANSWER: (C)
KEYWORDS:
ALTERNATIVE FORMAT: (TF)
Both and exhibit predominantly ionic bonding. Use each response in a separate question. / In which pair do both compounds exhibit predominantly ionic bonding?
(A) SO2, HCl (C) NaF, MgO
(B) KNO3, CH4 (D) KCl, CO2
INDEX: C010 LEVEL: (U) ANSWER: (A)
KEYWORDS: atomic structure
ALTERNATIVE FORMAT: (TF)
attains the argon core when forming a compound by the transfer of electrons. Use each response in a separate question. / Which element attains the argon core when forming a compound by the transfer of electrons?
(A) Ca (B) Ba (C) Mg (D) Al
INDEX: C011 LEVEL: (U) ANSWER: (C)
KEYWORDS: periodic properties
ALTERNATIVE FORMAT: (FR)
Hydrogen forms ionic hydrides (H–) with some elements. What kind of element forms hydrides and how is the bonding best described? / Which hydride has the most ionic bonding?
(A) BeH2(s) (B) CuH2(s) (C) KH(s) (D) NH3(g)
(E) HCl(g)
INDEX: C012 LEVEL: (U) ANSWER: (A)
KEYWORDS:
ALTERNATIVE FORMAT: (SA)
What forces hold the elements together in an ionic compound? / The elements in an ionic compound are held together by
(A) electrostatic forces of attraction.
(B) van der Waals forces.
(C) the spin of paired electrons.
(D) the formation of hybrid orbitals.
(E) an electron pair.
INDEX: C013 LEVEL: (U) ANSWER: (A)
KEYWORDS:
ALTERNATIVE FORMAT: (TF)
The bonds with hydrogen in are essentially ionic. Use each response in a separate question. / In which hydrogen compound is the bond essentially ionic?
(A) sodium hydride (D) methane
(B) hydrogen chloride (E) hydrogen iodide
(C) ammonia
INDEX: C014 LEVEL: (A) ANSWER: (A)
KEYWORDS: metals & nonmetals
ALTERNATIVE FORMAT: (FR)
Solid potassium fluoride consists of potassium ions and fluoride ions. Cite experimental evidence that supports this statement. / Solid potassium fluoride consists of potassium ions and fluoride ions. What is the best experimental evidence for this statement?
(A) Molten potassium fluoride conducts an electric current.
(B) A water solution of potassium fluoride can be electrolyzed.
(C) Potassium and fluorine have electron configurations best suited to form ions that in turn form a more stable solid than atoms of each.
(D) Potassium fluoride is classified as a regular or cubic
crystal.
(E) When the solid is heated the kinetic energy becomes large enough to overcome the directive forces that hold the
components together.
INDEX: C015 LEVEL: (A) ANSWER: (E)
KEYWORDS: periodic properties
ALTERNATIVE FORMAT: (SA)
Elements Q and T are widely separated on the electronegativity scale. What can be said about the bonding in the compound QT? / Elements Q and T are widely separated on the electronegativity scale. This indicates that in the compound QT
(A) Q and T are widely separated in atomic number.
(B) the heat of formation has a low value.
(C) the bond is a coordinate covalent type.
(D) the bond is principally covalent in character.
(E) the bond is principally ionic in character.
INDEX: C016 LEVEL: (U) ANSWER: (D)
KEYWORDS: periodic properties
ALTERNATIVE FORMAT: (SA)
Choose any pair of elements that are likely to form a compound by electron transfer and be ionic. / Which is most likely to be formed by electron transfer and be ionic?
(A) a compound of U and S
(B) a compound of P and S
(C) a compound of Z and P
(D) a compound of Y and T
(E) a compound of Q and T
INDEX: C017 LEVEL: (A) ANSWER: (D)
KEYWORDS: solutions and colloids
ALTERNATIVE FORMAT: (FR)
How could you very simply show experimentally that a substance may be ionic? / A very simple method of showing experimentally that a substance may be ionic is to
(A) show that its melting point is high.
(B) show that the material will not dissolve in nonpolar solvents.
(C) show that the material, when dissolved in water, will depress the freezing point of the water.
(D) show that the substance conducts current when dissolved in water.
(E) show that the substance is soluble in polar solvents.
INDEX: C018 LEVEL: (U) ANSWER: (D)
KEYWORDS: periodic properties
ALTERNATIVE FORMAT: (SA)
Omit responses. / What type of compound will Atom D form in chemical reactions with Atom E?
(A) an acid
(B) a base
(C) a covalent substance
(D) an ionic substance
(E) Atom D will not react with Atom E.
INDEX: C019 LEVEL: (A) ANSWER: (B)
KEYWORDS: solutions and colloids, electrochemistry
ALTERNATIVE FORMAT: (FR)
Fused sodium chloride is a good conductor of electricity. From this experimental evidence, what conclusions can be drawn about the bonding in sodium chloride? / Sodium chloride in the pure form contains sodium and chloride ions. What is the best experimental evidence for this?
(A) Sodium chloride is very soluble in water.
(B) Fused sodium chloride is a good conductor of electricity.
(C) A molar solution of sodium chloride gives twice the freezing point depression of a molar solution of sugar.
(D) Sodium has a great tendency to lose electrons and chlorine has a great tendency to gain electrons.
(E) In electrolysis of an aqueous solution of sodium
chloride, sodium ions travel toward the negative electrode and chloride ions travel toward the positive electrode.
INDEX: C020 LEVEL: (A) ANSWER: (D)
KEYWORDS: periodic properties
ALTERNATIVE FORMAT: (FR)
Sodium chloride in the pure form contains sodium and chloride ions. How is this fact related to the relative tendencies of sodium and chlorine to gain or lose electrons? / Sodium chloride in the pure form contains sodium and chloride ions. What is the best theoretical explanation of this?
(A) Sodium chloride is very soluble in water.
(B) Fused sodium chloride is a good conductor of
electricity.
(C) A molar solution of sodium chloride gives twice the freezing point depression of a molar solution of sugar.
(D) Sodium has a great tendency to lose electrons and chlorine has a great tendency to gain electrons.
(E) In electrolysis of an aqueous solution of sodium
chloride, sodium ions travel toward the negative electrode and chloride ions travel toward the positive electrode.
INDEX: C021 LEVEL: (A) ANSWER: (B)
KEYWORDS:
ALTERNATIVE FORMAT: (FR)
What is the explanation for the fact that the bonding in SnI4 is more covalent than the bonding in SnF4?
ALTERNATIVE FORMAT: (TF)
The bonding in is more covalent than the bonding in . Use each response in a separate question. / In which pair of compounds should the first member be more covalent than the second member?
(A) TlCl, TlCl3 (C) LiF, BF3
(B) SnI4, SnF4 (D) SnF4, CF4
INDEX: C022 LEVEL: (U) ANSWER: (D)
KEYWORDS:
ALTERNATIVE FORMAT: (FR)
Describe a covalent bond.
ALTERNATIVE FORMAT: (TF)
A covalent bond is . Use each response in a separate question. / Which is the most complete and best description of a covalent bond?
(A) a system of two nuclei with a pair of electrons located exactly midway between both nuclei
(B) the attractive force between two atoms of opposite charge
(C) a donor bond in which one atom donates an unshared pair to the other
(D) a system of two nuclei where each atom donates one electron to the other atom, thus forming a bond
INDEX: C023 LEVEL: (U) ANSWER: (A)
KEYWORDS: periodic properties
ALTERNATIVE FORMAT: (TF)
and are likely to react to form a covalently bonded species. Use each response in a separate question. / Which pair of elements is most likely to react to form a covalently bonded species?
(A) P and O (B) Ca and O (C) K and S (D) Zn and Cl
INDEX: C024 LEVEL: (U) ANSWER: (E)
KEYWORDS: periodic properties
ALTERNATIVE FORMAT: (FR)
Among metal chlorides, which ones exhibit the most covalent type of bond? / Which chloride should exhibit the most covalent type of bond?
(A) NaCl (B) KCl (C) CaCl2 (D) BaCl2
(E) BeCl2
INDEX: C025 LEVEL: (U) ANSWER: (C)
KEYWORDS: periodic properties
ALTERNATIVE FORMAT: (SA)
Omit responses. / The compound of which two elements is most likely to involve covalent bonding?
Electronegativities of
Unknown Elements
Q 0.9 X 3.0
R 1.0 Z 4.0
T 2.8
(A) Q and Z (D) R and X
(B) R and T (E) R and Z
(C) T and X
INDEX: C026 LEVEL: (A) ANSWER: (A)
KEYWORDS: periodic properties
ALTERNATIVE FORMAT: (SA)
Omit responses. / Use the section of a periodic table to determine the type of bond that will form between W and E.
(A) covalent (D) metallic
(B) electronic (E) van der Waals
(C) ionic
INDEX: C027 LEVEL: (U) ANSWER: (B)
KEYWORDS: acids and bases
ALTERNATIVE FORMAT: (TF)
In general, nonmetallic oxides . Use each response in a separate question. / Which characteristic is generally true of nonmetallic oxides?
(A) They are in general ionic compounds.
(B) They are in general covalent compounds.
(C) They react with water to form bases.
(D) They cannot be prepared directly from the elements.
(E) They react with acids to form a salt and water.
INDEX: C028 LEVEL: (U) ANSWER: (D)
KEYWORDS: atomic structure
ALTERNATIVE FORMAT: (TF)
The atom description represents an element that could form a covalent compound with an atom of a nonmetal. Use each response in a separate question. / Which atom description represents an element that could form a covalent compound with an atom of a nonmetal?
INDEX: C029 LEVEL: (U) ANSWER: (A)
KEYWORDS:
ALTERNATIVE FORMAT: (FR)
What are the characteristics of a molecule that will exhibit hydrogen bonding? / Hydrogen bonding is shown by molecules containing hydrogen attached to
(A) highly electronegative atoms.
(B) highly electropositive atoms.
(C) any atoms.
(D) only oxygen.
INDEX: C030 LEVEL: (A) ANSWER: (C)
KEYWORDS: organic chemistry
ALTERNATIVE FORMAT: (FR)
Use structural formulas to show how hydrogen bonding occurs in liquid methanol. / Which best represents hydrogen bonding in liquid methanol (CH3OH)?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
INDEX: C031 LEVEL: (A) ANSWER: (A)
KEYWORDS: liquids and solids
ALTERNATIVE FORMAT: (FR)
Consider the boiling point of a series of hydrogen compounds.
Explain the abnormally high boiling point for water. / Consider the boiling point of a series of hydrogen compounds.
The abnormally high boiling point for water is due to
(A) extensive hydrogen bonding.
(B) its low dipole moment.
(C) the extreme stability of the compound.
(D) the high electronegativity of hydrogen.
INDEX: C032 LEVEL: (A) ANSWER: (B)
KEYWORDS: liquids and solids
ALTERNATIVE FORMAT: (TF)
. This phenomenon can be explained by assuming strong hydrogen bonding. Use each response in a separate question. / Which phenomenon can be explained by assuming strong hydrogen bonding?
(A) H2 reacts with Cl2 to form HCl.
(B) The boiling point of water is higher than that of H2S.
(C) The boiling point of C7H16 is higher than that of C3H8.
(D) The boiling point of H2Se is higher than that of H2S.
INDEX: C033 LEVEL: (A) ANSWER: (A)
KEYWORDS: liquids and solids
ALTERNATIVE FORMAT: (TF)
Based on information given in the graph, you may conclude that . Use each response in a separate question.
/ Based on information given in the graph, which interpretation is valid?