Name______Period______

Chapter 20 Immigration Vocabulary

Section 2 (pages 640-647) and handouts

Ellis Island -

Angel Island -

melting pot -

assimilation -

Chinese Exclusion Act -

vocation –

illiterate –

deported –

Jane Addams -

Hull House -

Tammany Hall -

urbanization -

sweatshop -

tenements -

slum -

political machine -

push factor –

pull factor –

manifest –

landing card -

Questions

  1. Explain how industry and new inventions changed society?

Three inventions that helped shape modern cities and led to urbanization were the elevator, the street car, and the steel process.

a.The elevator made it possible to construct buildings above four floors.

b. Also, now that buildings could be built taller with steel, engineers could construct taller buildings so the skyscraper was born.

c.Electricity also allowed streetcars to be invented and people were able to travel around the city and live farther from their jobs resulting in the growth of suburbs. These inventions all led to the start of public transportation, buildings being built up not out, and urbanization.

  1. Where did the new immigrants come from and where did they settle in the U. S.?
  1. Some Immigrants came from Southern Europe Examples: Greece and Italy. Many immigrants came from Eastern Europe. Examples Russia, Poland, after 1896. They settled in NY, Boston, Philadelphia, and Chicago in the East and Midwest.
  2. Asian immigrants settled in the West. Chinese worked on railroads; the Japanese came to Hawaii in 1868 to work on sugar plantations.
  3. Mexican immigration increased after 1910 due to a revolution, and immigrants worked on ranches in CA and TX, and copper mines in AZ. Some immigrants were forced to work until they had paid off their debt.
  1. Define push/pull factors and give four examples of each.

Push Factor: Condition that drives people to leave their homes for a new area. / Pull Factor: Condition that attracts people to a new area.
A .Not enough land: Most land was owned by royalty and not available to nonroyals. People couldn’t own land and farm.
B. Lack of food: lack of jobs, lack of money. Not many unskilled industrial jobs available.
C. High taxes: large % of earned money goes to the govt.
D. Debt: lack of money can’t pay obligations
E. Political instability: revolutions and violence. Lack of freedom of speech.
F. Religious persecution: state religions only, other religions were discriminated against. / A .Large amounts of cheap land: people could buy land to farm and make a living.
B. Availability of industrial jobs: Many factories with jobs.
C. Political freedom: people could speak out against govt.
D. Greater social and economic mobility: people could improve their lifestyles.
E. Advanced technology for travel: better ways to get around; electric streetcars in cities, trains, canals.
F. OPPORTUNITY
  1. How did immigrants change American culture?

Immigrants changed American culture through language, foods, music, dance, art, literature, clothing, sports, and architecture.

  1. What did native-born Americans fear about immigration?

Discrimination and Prejudice:

. Protestants discriminated against Catholics and Jewish people.

Many NBA’s feared that new immigrants would take their jobs. Some immigrant groups were willing to work long hours, with bad conditions for lower pay.

NBA’s worried so much about how many Chinese immigrants there were that the Chinese Exclusion Act was passed stopping Chinese immigration for 10 years.

Out west the Chinese workers were paid less for the same work as white workers. In cities Chinese were forced to live in a certain area, now known as “Chinatowns”.There was violence and in one western town 28 Chinese were killed by whites.

Some Mexican immigrants were forced to work for someone for a period of time to work off their debts.

  1. Describe the problems caused by urbanization.

Problems caused by urbanization included overcrowding in tenements and slums, disease due to inadequate garbage pick-up, no running water, raw sewage, and corruption through political machines that used bribes, bought votes in exchange for favors. These affected elections and local government who would use threats and extortion.

  1. Explain the steps of the immigration process experienced by immigrants landing at the Ellis Island Immigration Station.
  1. Arrival – check in with inspector regarding name/manifest #
  2. Doctor 1 – check for physical deformities that are obvious – either go to Detainment area if present, OR
  3. Doctor 2 – checks for contagious diseases – go to hospital, OR
  4. Doctor 3 – checks for eye diseases – of trachoma – goes directly to deportation – of not – to
  5. Clearance Station in Registry Room – Inspectors ask questions to see if immigrant matches to manifest and make sure immigrant has enough money.
  6. Oath of Allegiance and Landing Card (paperwork that says you have gone through the immigration process and can legally enter US)– Immigrant takes oath of loyalty to U.S. and then on to life as an American. They are NOT citizens.