Matter Outline

Section 2.1: Properties of Matter

  • ______is anything that has ______and occupies ______.
  • All ______exists of tiny particles called ______.
  • The ______of an object is the measure of the ______the object contains.
  • The ______of an object is the measure of the ______by an object.
  • An ______is a property that depends on the ______of matter in a sample.

Ex.

  • An ______is a property that depends on the ______of matter, not the ______of matter.

Ex.

  • A ______is a type of matter with a ______composition.

Ex.

  • ______are characteristics of a substance that can be observed without the substance changing ______.

Ex.

  • A ______involves a change in one or more physical properties, but no change in the ______of the substance.

Ex.

  • Physical changes can be ______or ______.
  • A ______is a state of matter that has a definite ______and ______.
  • ______are not easily ______.
  • A ______has a definite ______, but it takes the shape of its container.
  • ______are not easily ______.
  • A ______has no ______volume or shape.
  • ______can be ______.
  • A ______is the gaseous state of a substance that is generally a ______at room temperature.

Ex:

  • A ______is an ionized gas-like phase consisting of ______and ______.

Section 2.1 Assessment

  1. Name two categories used to classify properties of matter.
  1. Explain why all sample of a given substance have the same intensive properties.
  1. Name four states of matter.
  1. Describe the two categories used to identify physical changes.
  1. In what ways are liquids and gases alike? In what ways are liquids and solids different?
  1. Is the freezing of mercury a reversible or irreversible physical change?

Section 2.2: Mixtures

  • A ______is a material of ______composition that contains ______or more substances.

Ex.

  • An ______is a mixture that has ______.

Ex.

  • A ______mixture is a mixture that has ______properties in different parts of the mixture.

Ex.

  • A ______mixture is a mixture that has a ______composition. It is also called a ______.

Ex.

  • ______is a method for separating components of a mixture containing a ______and a ______.
  • ______is a method for separating the components ofa mixture based on the different ______of the components.

Section 2.2 Assessment

  1. How are mixtures classified?
  1. Classify each of the following as a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture.

a. food coloring

b. ice cubes in liquid water

c. mouthwash

d. mashed, unpeeled potatoes

  1. How are a substance and a solution similar? How are they different?
  1. In general, when would you use filtration to separate a mixture? When would you use distillation to separate a mixture?
  1. Describe a procedure that could be used to separate a mixture of sand and table salt.

Section 2.3: Elements and Compounds

  • An ______is the smallest part of an ______that retains its ______in a chemical reaction.

Ex.

  • ______are a ______collection of two or more ______of the same element or of different elements.

Ex.

  • ______are substances that cannot be ______into simpler substances by chemical or physical means. It consists of ______with the same atomic number.

Ex.

  • ______are made of ______.
  • ______are different ______of a given element.

Ex.

  • ______are substances with a ______that can be broken down into ______by chemical processes.
  • Compounds are made up of ______.

Ex.

  • Each ______is represented by a ______. Only the ______of the chemical symbol is always ______.
  • ______represent the ______of atoms of each element.
  • Ex.

Section 2.3 Assessment

  1. How is a compound different from an element?
  1. How can you distinguish a substance from a mixture?
  1. Classify each of these samples of matter as an element, a compound, or a mixture.

a. table sugarc. tap water

b. cough syrupd. nitrogen

  1. Write the chemical symbol for each element.

a. leadd. oxygen

b. silvere. sodium

c. hydrogenf. aluminum

  1. Name the elements represented by the following symbols.

a. Cd. Au

b. Cae. Fe

c. Kf. Cu

Section 2.4: Chemical Reactions

  • A ______is the ability of a substance to change to a different ______.

Ex.

  • A ______involves a change in the fundamental components of the substance.

Ex.

  • A substance present at the ______of a reaction is a ______.
  • A substance ______in the reaction is a ______.

Ex. 2H2 + O2 2H2O

  • The five signs of a chemical reactions are ______, ______, ______, ______, and ______.
  • A ______is a ______that forms and during a chemical reaction involving a ______.
  • The ______states that in any physical or chemical process, ______is neither ______nor ______.
  • During any ______, the mass of the ______is always equal to the mass of the ______.

Section 2.4 Assessment

  1. How does a chemical change affect the composition of matter?
  1. Name the five signs that a chemical reaction has taken place.
  1. In a chemical reaction, how does the mass of the reactants compare with the mass of the products?
  1. What is the main difference between physical and chemical changes?
  1. Classify the following changes as physical or chemical changes.

a. Water boils.

b. Milk turns sour.

c. Salt dissolves in water.

d. A metal rusts.

  1. Hydrogen and oxygen react chemically to form water. How much water would form if 4.8g of hydrogen reacted with 38.4g of oxygen?