Section 1.1 Abbreviations and Definitions

PART 1

GENERAL PROVISIONS

SECTION 1.1 ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS

1.1.1ABBREVIATIONS

Wherever the following abbreviations of titles, terms and units of measurement are used in the Specifications or on the Drawings, the intent and meaning shall be interpreted as described hereunder.

AASHTO -American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

ACI -American Concrete Institute

ASTM -American Society for Testing and Materials

BS -British Standard

CBR -California Bearing Ratio

DIN -Deutsches Institute Fur Normalizieung

H:V -Horizontal: Vertical

ISO -International Organization for Standardization

L.L. -Liquid Limit

L.S. -Lump Sum

P.C. -Prime Cost

PCC -Portland Cement Concrete

P.G.L. -Profile Grade Line

P.I. -Plasticity Index

P.L. -Plastic Limit

PVC -Polyvinyl Chloride

RC -Reinforced concrete

RCP -Reinforced Concrete pipe

ROW -Right-of-way

S.G. -Specific Gravity

SI -System International D`Unites

ST -Station (location along a survey line)

1.1.2 DEFINITIONS

The following words and expressions shall have the meanings assigned to them.

ACCEPTED - Accepted in writing by the Engineer (or by the Employer where appropriate) as meeting the requirements of the Contract Documents and of any authorized variations thereto. “Acceptance” means accepted in writing as aforesaid. “Acceptable” means acceptable to the Engineer as aforesaid.

APPROVED - Approved in writing by the Engineer, including subsequent written approval or confirmation of previous verbal approval by the Engineer. ”Approval” means approval in writing as aforesaid.

DIRECTED - Directed in writing by the Engineer, including subsequent written direction or confirmation of previous verbal direction by the Engineer.

ENGINEER - Project Manager, Engineer, or Supervising Engineer, all mean the Engineer or the consultant who shall be appointed by the client (PECDAR) to supervise the construction of this project.

SUBGRADE - The top surface of embankment or excavated area on which the pavement structure and shoulders are constructed. Also referred to as Subgrade Surface or Subgrade Level.

SUBGRADE LAYER - The top layer of material, of at least 200 mm compacted thickness, immediately below the subgrade surface.

TOPPING - Selected material, comprising gravel or gravely soil of specified grading which is used to construct the subgrade layer for a compacted depth of at least 200 mm below final subgrade level.

WORKING DRAWINGS - Shop drawings, steel bending schedules, stress sheets, fabrication and erection drawings, falsework drawings, and any other supplementary drawings or data which the Contractor is required to submit to the Engineer for approval, generally before such works commence.

End of Section 1.1

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SECTION 1.2 SCOPE AND CONTROL OF WORKS

1.2.1 INTENT OF CONTRACT

The intent of the Contract is to provide for the construction and completion and subsequent maintenance of the works described. The Contractor shall furnish all labor, materials, tools, equipment, transportation, supplies and facilities and shall carry out all permanent and Temporary Works and all other items necessary for proper completion of the works in accordance with all requirements of the Contract Documents.

1.2.2 CONTRACTORS WORK AREAS

• The Contractor shall make all necessary arrangements, regarding any land outside the Site that may be needed as work areas. the Employer will not acknowledge any liability in respect of such land.

• The Contractor shall locate and select sites outside the right-of-way for the use of his plant, equipment, site offices, residences, Temporary Works or any other uses which are essential during the execution of the Contract. The Contractor shall take the necessary measures for using these sites and shall be responsible for all expenses that may become due in return for such use.

1.2.3 TRAFFIC

• The Contractor shall at his own cost be responsible for safely maintaining traffic during construction.

• The Contractor shall provide and maintain all necessary diversions, temporary roads signs with posts, fencing, and lighting. He must follow the Engineer's instructions.

1.2.4 EXISTING UTILITIES AND OBSTRUCTIONS

• The Contractor shall, safe guard from injury or damage existing utilities below and above ground such as water lines, drains, sewer pipes, service connections, cables, valve boxes, light poles, pylons, telephone poles and any other services he may encounter within the limits of the proposed construction.

• The Contractor shall remove and satisfactorily dispose abandoned pipelines fences, structures and any other obstructions as may be directed by the Engineer of the Employer.

1.2.5 SIGN BOARDS

• The Contractor shall furnish and erect 2 metal sign boards in Arabic and English as directed by the Engineer, using approved letter sizes.

• Each sign board shall be erected in an approved position, one at each end of the length of road being constructed. Sign boards shall be maintained in good order at all times and sign boards and supports should be maintained in good condition after the Completion of the Works.

1.2.6 SURVEYING EQUIPMENT

The Contractor shall provide on site suitable surveying instruments and other equipment for use in setting out and leveling of the works.

1.2.7 SETTING OUT OF WORKS

• The Contractor shall set out the works and obtain approval of his setting out before proceeding with construction. If, in the opinion of the Engineer, modification of the lines or grade is advisable, before or after survey, the Engineer will issue detailed instructions to the Contractor who shall revise the setting out accordingly.

• The Contractor shall be responsible for preservation of all existing stakes, marks and monuments and if any construction stakes or marks are destroyed or disturbed, the Contractor shall replace them at his own expense.

1.2.8 SITE CLEANING

• All parts of the Site, and adjacent roads affected by the works, shall be maintained in a clean and tidy condition during progress of the works. All waste and surplus materials and other rubbish resulting from the works or otherwise, shall be cleared away at intervals as directed by the Engineer.

• The entire site shall be delivered up on completion of the Works, in a clean, neat and presentable condition.

1.2.9 MEASUREMENT

All works prescribed in this section, except relocation of utilities if specified or included in the BOQ, shall not be measured for direct payment, but shall be considered as subsidiary work, the costs of which will be deemed to be included in the Contract prices for pay items.

End of Section 1.2

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SECTION 1.3 CONTROL OF MATERIALS

1.3.1 SOURCE TESTS

All source samples shall be taken by the Contractor in the presence of the Engineer, using approved sampling procedures. All source approval tests shall be performed under the supervision of the Engineer or, when so specified, by an independent laboratory approved by the Engineer and engaged by the Contractor.

1.3.2 PROJECT CONTROL TESTS

All Project Control samples shall be taken jointly by the Engineer and the Contractor. Tests shall be performed in the Site laboratory, or in situ as appropriate, under the supervision of the Engineer.

1.3.3 UNACCEPTABLE MATERIALS

• All materials not conforming to the requirements of the Specifications at the time they are used will be rejected and shall be removed immediately from the Site unless otherwise instructed by the Engineer.

• No rejected material, the defects of which have been corrected, shall be used until approval has been given.

End of Section 1.3

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SECTION 1.4 SUPERVISION STAFF SITE OFFICE

The contractor shall furnish a site office for the Engineer and the Supervision Staff. The Contractor shall keep the office clean and supply it with water and electricity. The Contractor should also furnish the office with suitable furniture, equipment, and provide general services. No direct payment shall be included in the Contract for this work unless otherwise mentioned.

End of Section 1.4

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SECTION 1.5 MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES

1.5.1 GENERAL

All Works shall be measured net. All units of measurement shall be in the Metric System, unless specified otherwise.

All field measurement of quantities for monthly certificates and for final payment shall be made by the contractor in the presence of the Engineer.

If the Contractor fails to measure any pay items, the Engineer may, estimate quantities of such items for monthly Payment Certificate or recommend that no payment be made for the items not measured and quantities not computed until it is measured.

1.5.2 LINEAR AND AREA MEASUREMENTS

All items which are to be measured by linear meter, such as pipe culverts, guardrail, under drains, etc., shall be measured parallel to the base or foundation upon which such structures are placed, unless otherwise shown on the Drawings.

Unless otherwise specified, longitudinal measurements for area computations shall be made horizontally transverse measurements for area computations shall be the neat dimensions shown on the Drawings or as ordered by the Engineer.

No measurements shall be made of rolled down or sloping edges of bituminous courses.

1.5.3 VOLUME MEASUREMENTS

1. Earthwork Volume Measurements

The average end area method shall be used in computing quantities of earthworks.

The quantities of excavation paid for under the Contract unit prices shall be limited to the lines shown on the Drawings and on approved cross sections. Excavation beyond lines shown on approved cross sections shall not be paid for unless approved by the Employer. Excavation in excess of approved cross sections will be measured for payment only in the case of unsuitable materials ordered by the Engineer to be removed.

2. Volume Measurements in Vehicles

Materials to be measured by volume in the hauling vehicle shall be hauled in approved type vehicles and measured therein at the point of delivery. All vehicles shall be loaded to their level capacity and the Engineer may require loads to be relieved when the vehicles arrive at the point of delivery.

End of Section 1.5

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SECTION 1.6 SCOPE AND BASIS OF PAYMENT

1.6.1 SCOPE OF PAYMENT

The Contractor shall receive and accept compensation provided for in the contract as full payment for all labor, materials, tools, equipment, duties and other charges, overheads, profit , transport, handling, setting up, payments to others for land or use of land or damage to property of others, all Temporary Works, incidental works, necessary for proper completion of the Works and which are not paid for separately but are subsidiary to the works of pay items, including drainage to protect the works during construction laboratory equipment and personnel for testing, housing and facilities and all other items necessary for or usual to proper execution, completion and maintenance of the Works.

1.6.2 BASIS OF PAYMENT

1. Quantities determined as specified under the “Measurement” Subsections shall be paid for at the respective Contract prices per unit of measurement for each of the particular pay items shown in the Bills of Quantities, which prices shall be full compensation for furnishing all items necessary for proper execution, completion and maintenance of the works.

2. Wherever any “Measurement” Subsection specifies that no measurement shall be made for direct payment of works prescribed in the Section, performance of such works shall not be paid for directly but shall be considered as subsidiary works the costs of which will be deemed to be included in the Contract prices for pay items.

3. Wherever a “Measurement” Subsection is omitted from any section of these Specifications, the Works prescribed in such section shall not be measured for direct payment unless shown as pay items in the Bills of Quantities, but shall be considered as subsidiary works the costs of which will be deemed to be included in the Contract prices for pay items.

End of Part 1

PART 2

EARTHWORKS

SECTION 2.1 CLEARING AND GRUBBING

2.1.1 SCOPE

• This work shall consist of all clearing and grubbing necessary for the performance of the work covered by the contract in accordance with these specifications. The areas to be cleared and/or grubbed shall be the areas staked, shown on the plans, or designated by the Engineer.
• The clearing and grubbing shall consist of clearing the designated areas of all trees, down timber, snags, brush, other vegetation, rubbish, and all other objectionable material, and shall include grubbing stumps, roots, and matted roots, and disposing of all spoil material resulting from the clearing and grubbing. It shall also include the removal and disposal of structures that obtrude, encroach upon, or otherwise obstruct the work, except when otherwise provided for on the plans or in the Special Provisions.

2.1.2. CONSTRUCTION

1. Clearing and grubbing shall be performed on all designated areas. Such individual trees as the Engineer may designate and mark shall be left standing and uninjured.

2. On areas staked for clearing and/or grubbing beyond the road prism slope lines, stumps may be cut flush with the ground in lieu of being removed, when so ordered by the Engineer.

3. All stumps, bushes, roots over 8 cms. in diameter, and matter roots shall be grubbed and removed to such depth that in no case will they extend closer than 45 cms. to any subgrade or shoulder surface. Such areas shall then be compacted to avoid settlement of fill or subgrade, as directed by the Engineer.

4. All organic refuse resulting from the clearing and grubbing operations shall be burned by the contractor at his expense or disposed of in other manners acceptable to the Engineer. During burning operations the contractor shall maintain appropriate safeguards to prevent any fire hazards. All other refuse shall be removed from the right-of-way and disposed of in a manner satisfactory to the Engineer.

2.1.3 MEASUREMENT

The Works prescribed in this section shall not be measured for direct payment, but shall be considered as subsidiary works the costs of which will be deemed to be included in the Contract prices for pay items.

End of Section 2.1

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SECTION 2.2 ROADWAY EXCAVATION

2.2.1 SCOPE

The Works under this section shall consist of excavating and grading the roadway including side ditches, storm drains, intersections, approaches, and benches under side-hill fills; excavating of unsuitable material from roadbed and beneath embankment areas; all excavation under this section, shall be considered unclassified excavation regardless of the nature of the material excavated.

2.2 EXCAVATION

• All suitable soils, rock, boulders and other materials shall be excavated in such a manner that they can be utilized, if intended to be used, as embankment fill or in subgrade, shoulder or elsewhere as appropriate.

Table 2.1

Soil Suitable for Embankment

No.
1. / Maximum dry density / Not less than 1.7 / (T - 180 D)
2. / Organic Matter / Not more than 5% / (T - 267)
3. / No use of A-6 A-7 Soil / (AASHTO M - 145)
4. / Maximum size / Not more than 2/3 of the layer thickness
5. / No use of high to medium expansive soil
6. / CBR / Not less than 8% / (AASHTO T - 193

Table 2.2

Rockfill suitable for Embankment

No.
1. / Size / 25% larger than 30 cm
50% larger than 7.5 cm
2. / Bulk specific gravity / Not less than 2.25
3. / Water absorption / Not more than 6%
4. / Testing by:
(a) Plate bearing test (ME2/ME1 2.2{E=Young`s Modulus})
(b) Surveying method
5. / Filling material / Not A-6 or A-7 soil / (AASHTO M - 145)

If the Contractor chooses to excavate suitable material to waste or put it to other uses, and replace it by borrow excavation for embankment areas, this shall be undertaken at no extra cost to Employer.

Materials such as existing concrete, bituminous other surfaces or other materials shall, if shown on the Drawings, be stockpiled for a specific purpose or for future use. Such materials shall be excavated and handled in a manner that will exclude foreign or undesirable materials. Stockpiles shall be neatly formed and maintained in an approved manner.

Suitable topsoil material if specified shall be stockpiled during excavation operations and shall subsequently be spread and compacted on embankment slopes and elsewhere as directed, to facilitate regrowth of vegetation.

2.2.3 MEASUREMENT

All excavated material of whatever type shall be measured by cu.m of material excavated, which shall be deemed to include all materials encountered of any nature, including silts, clays, sand, gravel and granular materials and fractured, jointed and solid rock, and unsuitable material.

2.2.4 PAYMENT

PAY ITEMUNIT OF MEASUREMENT

(1) Unclassified Excavation Cubic Meter (Cu.M)

End of Section 2.2

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SECTION 2.3 EMBANKMENT CONSTRUCTION

2.3.1 SCOPE

The works under this section shall consist of constructing embankments, including preparation of the areas upon which they are to be placed: all in accordance with these Specifications and in conformity with the lines, grades, cross sections, and dimensions shown on the plans

2.3.2 MATERIALS

1. Material for embankments shall consist of suitable material approved by the Engineer.

2. Material specified in table 2.1 or in the A-1, A-2-4, A-2-5 or A3 “When confined” groups as in AAHSTO M145 shall be used, if material of this character is not available then materials from A-2-6, A-2-7, A-4, A-5, groups (AASHTO M145) may be used provided it complies with table 2.1; Materials classified as A6 or A7 shall not be used.

3. The material used in rock-fill embankments shall consist predominantly of rock fragments of such size that the material can be placed in layers of the thickness prescribed conforming to requirements stated on table 2.2.

2.3.3 CONSTRUCTION

4. Prior to placing embankment material on any area it shall have been cleared and grubbed as specified in section 2.1 “clearing and Grubbing”.

5. If the original surface upon which embankment is to be placed is an existing roadbed, the surface shall be plowed, scarified, or otherwise broken up regardless of the height of the embankment to be placed thereon.

6. Roadway embankment consisting of soil or granular material shall be placed in horizontal layers not exceeding 250 mm thickness (before compaction), shall be compacted as specified and shall be approved prior to placing the next layer. As the compaction of each layer progresses, continuous leveling and working of the material shall be carried out to ensure uniform density. The correct moisture content shall be maintained at all times.

7. Embankments that consist of rock-soil material with sufficient soil to make rolling feasible, shall be placed and compacted in an approved manner and to the required degree of consolidation. Water shall be added as and when directed to assist in the compaction of such materials.