Science 10 Exam Review

Ecology:

1.  Definitions:

  1. Ecosystem
  2. Producer
  3. Consumer
  4. Herbivore
  5. Carnivore
  6. Omnivore
  7. Decomposer
  8. Extinct
  9. Endangered
  10. Biodiversity
  11. Artificial ecosystem
  12. Natural ecosystem
  13. Bioaccumulation
  14. Adaptation

2.  You have applied for a job with the local wildlife federation to assess the health of a nearby river system. Before making their hiring decision all applicants must complete the following questionnaire.

  1. List 10 key factors to look for when assessing a habitat. Explain how each of these factors would play a role in determining the health of the ecosystem.
  2. When monitoring a river ecosystem how often should observations and measurements be made? Explain.
  3. If the river system is found to be in poor health …
  4. What are some possible factors that should be monitored? Explain.
  5. What are some possible steps that could be taken to improve its health?
  6. One of the goals of the wildlife federation is to attract ducks the river system. Explain what the federation will have to consider, in terms of duck attraction, in each of the following areas.
  7. Location
  8. Water
  9. Vegetation
  10. Local Wildlife
  11. Humans

3.  Explain the role that artificial ecosystems play in biodiversity.

4.  What is a sustainable ecosystem?

5.  Create a table outlining the advantages and disadvantages of an artificial ecosystem in comparison to a natural ecosystem.

6.  Draw a food web and create an energy pyramid using the information below.

Organism / Diet
Snakes / rodents
Hawks / Rodents and reptiles
Rodents
/ Seeds, nuts, roots, grass, leaves, and flowers
Seeds, nuts, roots, grass, leaves, and flowers /
Photosynthesis
  1. Label the trophic levels (producer, primary consumer, …) on your energy pyramid as well as classify the organisms (autotroph, …)
  2. Calculate the amount of energy available to each level if the producers have 200 000 kcal available to them.

7.  Explain why the energy available to each subsequent trophic level is less.

  1. How much energy does each trophic level pass on?
  2. Why are there only 4 – 5 trophic levels for a food web?

Chemistry:

Definitions

1.  Matter

2.  Chemistry

3.  Pure substance

4.  Element

5.  Compound

6.  Physical property

7.  Chemical property

8.  Protons

9.  Neutrons

10.  Electrons

11.  Valence shell

12.  Valence electrons

13.  Acid

14.  Base

15.  Ionic Compounds

16.  Molecular Compounds

17.  Polyatomic Compounds

18.  Covalent bond

19.  Ionic bond

20.  Aqueous

21.  Anion

22.  Cation

Concepts

1.  In what ways can matter be classified? Give an example of each type of classification.

2.  Identify whether the following compounds are an example of an acid or base.

  1. Milk b. Baking Soda c. Vinegar d. Lysol

3.  In what ways can pure substances be classified? Give an example of each type of classification.

4.  What is the difference between a physical property and a chemical property of matter? Give two examples of each.

5.  Explain the significance of the noble gas family in terms of reactivity/stability.

6.  Answer the following questions using your periodic table for copper.

  1. Element Name f. Element Symbol
  2. Period g. Group
  3. Family h. Neutrons
  4. Protons i. Electrons
  5. State

7.  Construct a Bohr-Rutherford Diagram for the following

  1. Sodium ion b. Oxygen c. Sodium joining with oxygen

8.  List the reactants and products in the following reaction.

  1. CaOH + NaCl → NaOH + CaCl

9.  Give three characteristics of an acid and three characteristics of a base. Please also provide an example of each.

10.  Draw the pH scale. On the scale be sure to label the location of neutral, most acidic, and most basic.


Balance the following reactions.

1. HgO → Hg + O2(g)
2. H2O(l) → H2(g) + O2(g)
3. Al + Pb(NO3)2 → Al(NO3)3 + Pb
4. Cu + AgNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + Ag
5. K + H2O → KOH + H2
6. MnO2 + HCl → MnCl2 + Cl2 + H2O
7. Cl2 + LiI → LiCl + I2
8. F2 + H2O → HF + O3
9. AgNO3 + K2SO4 → Ag2SO4 + KNO3
10. Ni + HCl → NiCl + H2
11. Ca(OH)2 + HCl → CaCl2 + H2O
12. Cl2 + NaBr → Br2 + NaCl


Write the name or the chemical formula for each of the following.

1. aluminum oxide ______
2. calcium nitride ______
3. NaF ______
4. CaCl2 ______
5. aluminum sulfide ______
6. Cs2O ______
7. aluminum iodide ______
8. potassium bromide ______
9. Cu2S ______
10. uranium(IV) oxide ______
11. PbS2 ______
12. manganese(IV) oxide ______
13. Sb2S3 ______
14. iron(II) fluoride ______
15. HgS ______
16. MoS2 ______
17. Ca(OH)2 ______
18. K2SO4 ______
19. potassium nitrite ______
20. potassium carbonate ______
21. Ag2SO4 ______
22. ammonium dichromate ______
23. iron (III) phosphate ______
24. NH4OH ______
25. HCN(aq) ______
26. HF(aq) ______
27. chloric acid ______
28. nitric acid ______
29. HMnO4(aq) ______
30. nitrous acid ______
31. chlorous acid ______
32. HClO(aq) ______
33. barium selenide ______
34. SO3 ______
35. Cs2O ______
36. silicon monocarbide ______
37. lithium nitride ______
38. Al4C3 ______
39. NaBr ______
40. dinitrogen pentaoxide ______

Motion:

Definitions:

1. Distance
2. Time
3. Speed
4. Average Velocity
5. Instantaneous Velocity
6. Constant Velocity
7. Acceleration
8. Constant Acceleration
9. Average Acceleration
10. Displacement
11. Uniform Motion


Problems:

1.  A bird flies from its nest to a nearby building and then halfway back. If there exists 60 m between the building and the nest find …

  1. The distance b. The displacement

2.  Explain the following graphs.

  1. b.
    d (m) d (m)
    t (s) t (s)

3.  If a leopard runs at a constant velocity of 4.5 m/s for 5 minutes before stopping for a drink of water, what is the displacement of the leopard?

4.  A whale swims at a velocity of 4 m/s (NE) until it sees its prey. The whale accelerates to 7.5 m/s. If it take 6 s to reach the prey, what was the displacement between the whale and the prey?

5.  A NASCAR driver must hit the breaks to avoid a collision. He decelerates to a velocity of 9 m/s. If the car traveled 60 m after he hit the breaks in 5.5 s, what was the original velocity of the car?

6.  A sled is sliding down a hill. At the top of the hill the sled is traveling with an initial velocity of 2 m/s. After sliding down the 70 m long hill the sled is travelling at a velocity of 4 m/s. How long did it take the sled to reach the bottom of the hill?

7.  Krista has decided to go sky diving. Krista jumps from the plane and begins her decent traveling at a velocity of 6 m/s. 5.5 minutes later Krista pulls her chute. If Krista traveled 5 km in this time period what is her velocity at this point?

8.  A woman runs with a constant acceleration of 0.3 m/s2 until she reaches a velocity of 2.3 m/s. How long would it take her to reach her final velocity?

9.  A moth rest on the window. The moth leaves the window with an acceleration rate of 0.2 m/s2 for 2 seconds. Find the final velocity of the moth.

10.  A fly accelerates at a rate of 0.2 m/s2 after being swatted by a fly swatter. How long would it take the fly to change velocity from 0.33 m/s to a final velocity of 0.78 m/s?

11.  Jess is trying to catch his goldfish that is traveling at a velocity of 0.02 km/h. Jess begins his chase from a velocity of 1.0 m/s and accelerates at a rate of 0.31 m/s2 for 7.4 s. What was Jess’s final velocity? Will Jess catch his fish?

12.  A car traveling at a velocity of 30 m/s slams on its breaks and slides for 10 s before coming to a stop. Calculate the acceleration rate of the car.

13.  How long would it take a truck to change its velocity from 12 m/s to 20 m/s if it was accelerating at a rate of 2.3 m/s2?

14.  Sarah is running around a circular track. The length of the track is 1.3 km. Sarah after warming up can complete one lap around the track in 4 minutes. Sarah’s final velocity on this lap was 5.4 m/s. What was Sarah’s initial velocity?

15.  A car is traveling at 21 m/s before stopping 19 m later at a red light. Calculate the acceleration of the vehicle.

16.  Logan is driving his motorcycle with a velocity of 10 m/s prior to reaching the highway. Going up the on ramp to the highway Logan accelerates at a rate of 2.4 m/s2. How far would Logan travel before he reached a velocity of 40 m/s?

17.  Jody was walking down the street with a velocity of 1.3 m/s until she meets a viscous dog. To escape the dog Jody ran 6 m while constantly accelerating at a rate of 0.3 m/s2. What was Jody’s final velocity?

18.  Why is the acceleration sometimes negative?

19.  Convert the following to m/s

  1. 89 km/h b. 2.3 m/min

* Also go over the examples and information on displacement-time graphs

Weather

Definitions:

1)  Precipitation

2)  Weather

3)  Cloudiness

4)  Conduction

5)  Condensation

6)  Evaporation

7)  Hydrological cycle

8)  Cirro

9)  Strato

10) Alto

11) Air Pressure

12) Nimbus

13) Hydrosphere

Concepts:

1.  Name the layer of the atmosphere in which each of the following statements would be true.

  1. Most meteoroids burn up here.
  2. This is the layer in which we live.
  3. The temperature decreases in this layer as altitude increases.
  4. Contains the majority of our ozone layer.
  5. In which layer does weather occur?
  6. Coldest layer
  7. The name of the boundary between the troposphere and the stratosphere.

2.  List the three ways in which water can return to the sea or ocean.

3.  Name the two gases that make up the majority of Earth’s atmosphere near the surface.

4.  Explain how clouds are classified.

5.  Weather satellites have sensors built into them to detect light and infrared radiation. Explain how knowing about these two phenomena could help predict the weather.

6.  What is the advantage of Doppler radar in comparison to weather radar?

7.  List (in order from the Earth’s surface) and describe the 6 layers of the atmosphere.

8.  Explain the type of weather usually associated with an area of low pressure and an area of high pressure.

9.  What is the primary source of energy in the water cycle?

10.  Explain the three ways in which clouds can form.

11.  What would the proper name be for a cloud that was mid-level, long, flat and shapeless?

12.  What type of cloud appears thin and wispy, usually made of ice crystals and is a high-level cloud?

13.  What type of cloud is puffy with a flat bottom?

14.  What type of cloud is a ‘true rain cloud’?

15.  Explain the difference between geostationary and polar orbiting satellites.

16.  Why can it be difficult for meteorologists to create an accurate forecast?