BIOTECHNOLOGY SYLLABUS
SCHEME OF INSTRUCTION AND EXAMINATION
B.Tech. (Biotech) – II YEAR - I Semester
SUBJECT CODE / SUBJECTS / PERIODS / WEEKTh/ Lab / MARKS / DURATION OF EXAM.
Sessional / Exams / Hours
BTT.2.101 / Mathematics - 1 / 4 / 30 / 70 / 3
BTT.2.102 / Biochemistry / 4 / 30 / 70 / 3
BTT.2.103 / Cell Biology & Immunology / 4 / 30 / 70 / 3
BTT.2.104 / Process Engineering Principles / 4 / 30 / 70 / 3
BTT.2.105 / Chemical & Biochemical Thermodynamics / 4 / 30 / 70 / 3
BTT.2.106 / Environmental Studies / 4 / 30 / 70 / 3
BTP.2.107 / Biochemistry Lab / 4 / 25 / 50 / 4
BTP.2.108 / Cell Biology and Immunology Lab / 4 / 25 / 50 / 4
BTP.2.109 / Multimedia Assisted Language Lab / 4 / 25 / 50 / 4
255 / 570
MATHEMATICS-I
Periods / Week : 4 / Examination : 70
Nature of Examination : Theory / Exam Duration : 3 Hrs
UNIT - I. DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS:
Formation of Differential Equations; Solution of First Order and First Degree Ordinary Differential Equations (Variable Separable, Homogeneous and Exact Differential Equations) -Equations Reducible to Homogeneous and Exact Differential equations; Linear Differential Equations; Integral Factors; Equations Reducible to Linear Equations; Linear Differential Equations of n* Order with Constant coefficients; Complementary Functions and Particular Integrals.
UNIT - II. LINEAR EQUATIONS OF SECOND ORDER:
i. Change of dependent variable
ii. Reduction to the normal from
iii. Change of independent variable
iv. Variation of parameters
UNIT - III. POWER SERIES SOLUTIONS:
Series Solution of Differential Equations: Ordinary and Regular points of a differential equation, series solution at an ordinary point and at a regular point.
UNIT - IV. SPECIAL FUNCTIONS:
Properties of Gamma and Beta Functions.; Relation between Beta and Gamma Functions related Problems; Error Functions; Solution of Hyper geometric equation. Properties of hyper geometric function.
UNIT - V. SOLUTION SPECIAL EQUATIONS:
Solution of Legendre's equation in series. Rodrigue's formula. Generating function, Recurrence formulae and Octagonal property. Solution of Bessel equation. Generating function. Recurrence formulae. Orthogonal property and Integral formula for Jn ( x)
EXAMINATION : One question from each unit with internal choice.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Engineering Mathematics, B.V.Ramana, Tata McGraw-Hill (2003).
2. A text Book of Engineering Mathematics by P. Nageshwara Rao, Y. Narasimhulu & N. Prabhakar Rao, Deepthi Publications.
3. A Text Book of Engineering Mathematics, Vol-1 T. K. V. Iyengar, B. Krishna Gandhi and Others, S. Chand & Company.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Ordinary and partial differential equations by M.D. Raisinghania Sultan & Chand Co. (1991).
2. Higher engineering mathematics by DR. B.S. Grewal, Khanna publishers(1998).
BIOCHEMISTRY
Subject code : BTT.2.102 / Sessional : 30Periods / Week : 4 / Examination : 70
Nature of Examination : Theory / Exam Duration : 3 Hrs
UNIT-I: METABOLISM OF CARBOHYDRATES AND LIPIDS
Carbohydrate Metabolism- Glycolysis, glycogenolysis, HMP, Citric Acid Cycle (TCA Cycle) and Oxidative Phosphorylation, Metabolic Pathways- Biosynthesis of Glucose, Glycogen and starch, Lipid Metabolism- Catabolism of Fatty Acids, Triglycerol and Cholesterol Metabolism; Metabolic Pathways- Biosynthesis of Saturated (stearic acid) and Unsaturated (Oleic acid) Fatty Acids, phospholipids and sphingolipids, Glycoproteins and Glyco Lipids.
UNIT-II: METABOLISM OF PROTEINS AND NUCLEIC ACIDS
Amino acids metabolism- Biosynthesis of Amino Acids, Peptides; Catabolism of Carbon skeletons of Amino Acids- Transamination, Oxidative Deamination and Oxidative Decarboxylation, metabolic fate of amino acids; Nitrogen Excretion and Urea Cycle;
Nucleic Acid Metabolism- Biosynthesis of Purine and Pyrimidine Ribonucleotides, synthesis of Deoxyribonucleiotides; Degradation of Purine and Pyramidine Nucleotides.
UNIT-III: BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAY OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Plant photosynthesis - Photosynthetic pigments and photochemistry; Hill reaction; Photosynthetic reaction centers- Photosystem -I, Photosystem II; Chloroplast- Organization of chloroplasts, chlorophylls trap solar energy; Oxygenic Photosynthesis - I; Photophosphorylation-Cyclic and Non-cyclic Photo Phosphorylation; Dark reaction - Carbon dioxide fixation in Ca path way (Calvin cycle).
UNIT-IV: ENZYMES, COENZYMES AND METAL & NON METAL IONS
Enzyme: Nomenclature, Classification, Properties and Functions; Coenzymes-Coenzymes in hydrogen transfer reactions (NAD+, FAD, Lipoic acid) and group transfer reactions(Biotin, TPP, Pyridoxal phosphate, Coenzyme A, Tetrahydrofolic acid), Metal ions Biological Systems - Role of Sodium, Potassium, Iron, Copper and Magnesium; Calcium, Phosphorus, Iodine and Sulfur.
UNIT-V: HORMONES AND VITAMINS
Hormones- Classification of hormones-Based on the Chemical Nature & Mechanism of Action; Steroid hormones-Ovarian, Testicular hormones; Peptide hormones- Hormones of the Pancreas; Amino acid derivatives-Thyroidal and Parathyroid hormones; Vitamins - Classification (Water and Fat Soluble); Chemical Nature and Mechanism of Action of Vitamins; Biological Importance of Vitamins.
EXAMINATION: One question from each unit with internal choice
TEXTS BOOKS:
1. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry: A.L, Nelson O.’L, M.M. Cox, , CBS
Publications, 1993.
2. Biochemistry by Jeremy Berg (Author), John L. Tymoczko (Author), Lubert Stryer . W.H. Freeman & Company, (2006).
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Biochemistry - Voet D. and Voet J.G., 2nd edition, 1995, John Wiley publications, New York.
2. Outlines of Biochemistry –Conn and Stumpf, John Wiley, (2007)
3. Nelson, David L., Cox, Michael M. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 4/e, (2005), W.H. Freeman, Madison Avenue, New York.
4. Berg Jeremy M., Tymoczko, John L. , Stryer, Lubert Biochemistry 5/e, (2002), W.H. Freeman, New York.
5. Experimental Biochemistry by Switzer, Robert L., Garrity, Liam F. 3/e, (1999), W.H. Freeman, New York.
6. Biochemistry by Campbell K.M and Farrel O.S 5ed (2005), Thomson brooks and Cole.
7. Biochemistry, Berg M.J, Tymoczko J.L, Stryer L., 5ed ((2002)), W.H. Freeman, New York.
8. Harper’s Biochemistry by Murray R.K, Granner D.K, Mayes P.A and Rodwell V.W 26ed (2003) Mcgraw Hill, New Delhi.
CELL BIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
Periods / Week : 4 / Examination : 70
Nature of Examination : Theory / Exam Duration : 3 Hrs
UNIT-I: CELL STRUCTURE, ORGANELLES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS
Cell structure and organization in Bacteria, Yeast, higher plants and animal cells. Structure and functions of cell wall, plasma membrane, lysosomes, Ribosomes, Golgi complex, Peroxisomes, Glyoxysomes, Mitochondria, Plastids, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Vacuoles, Centrioles, Cytoskeleton - composition, structure & functions of Microtubules, Microfilaments and Intermediate filaments.
UNIT-II: NUCLEUS & CHROMOSOMES
Nucleus, its ultra structure, (Nuclear envelope, Nucleoplasm, Chromatin fibers); Structure of Nucleosome, Euchromatin, Heterochromatin, fine structure of chromosome, role of Histone & Non-Histone proteins in structural organization of Chromosomes, Giant chromosomes; Polytene & Lamp-brush chromosomes.
UNIT-III: CELL DIVISION AND CELL CYCLE
Cell Division: Mitosis - General events of Interphase, Prophase, Meta phase and Telophase; Meiosis - Heterotypic and Homotypic Meiotic division; Cytokinesis: Significance of Mitosis, Meiosis and Reproductive cycle.
Cell cycle: Different phases of cell cycle, molecular basis of cell cycle regulation, cyclin dependent kinases, CDK- cyclin activity- Progress through cell cycle- Apoptosis.
UNIT-IV: IMMUNE SYSTEM
History of immunology, Structure, composition and functions of cells and organs involved in immune system- B-cells, T-cells, lymphocytes, phagocytes, auxiliary cells, soluble mediators -lymphokines, cytokines, interleukines; lymphoid organs- primary (thymus, bone marrow, bursa of fabricus) secondary (lymph node, spleen, MALT, GALT); Immune responses- innate and acquired immunity; humoral and cell-mediated immunity;
UNIT-V: ANTIGENS, ANTIBODIES AND REACTIONS
Antigens- nature and properties; haptens toxoids and vaccines; Immunoglobullins- structure, heterogenecity, types, antibody production - hybridoma technique, Antigen - antibody reactions-agglutination, precipitation, complement fixation; and Atomic Absorption microscopy for detection of antigen - antibody complex, ELISA, RIA.
EXAMINATION: One question from each unit with internal choice
TEXT BOOKS:
1. The Cell: A Molecular Approach by Geoffrey M. Cooper, Robert E. Hausman Publisher: Sinauer Associates; 3rd edition (2003).
2. Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments by Gerald Karp Wiley; 4th edition (2004).
3. Cell Biology CB Powar & SC Rastogi, Himalaya Publisher, (2006).
4. Immunology – Kuby, Richard Goldsby Thomas J Kinott Barbara and Osborne, W.H Freeman & Co. 5th edition, (2003).
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Molecular Cell Biology - Damell J, Lodish H, Baltimore D, W H Freeman, (1990).
2. Essentials of Immunology- Riovett. Blackwell Scietific Publication Oxford 1991.
3. The world of cell Becker Reece Poenie 3rd edition Benjamin publishers
4. Immunology, Kindt Thomas J. ,Osborne, Barbara A., Goldsby, Richard A. Kuby 6/e, (2006), W.H.Freeman, Madison avenue, New York.
5. Immunobiology, by Charles A. Janeway, 6th edition, Garland Science Publishers.
6. Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 5th Edition Authors: Abul K. Abbas & Andrew H. Lichtman and Andrew H. Lichtman. Elsevier publications
7. Immunology, Immunopathology and Immunity by Stewart Sell, Edward E M, 6th edition, ((2001)) ASM press, Washington
8. Essential Immunology by Roitt I.M and Delves P.J, 10th edition, ((2001)), Blackwell publishers.
PROCESS ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES
Periods / Week : 4 / Examination : 70
Nature of Examination : Theory / Exam Duration : 3 Hrs
UNIT-1: DIMENSIONS AND SYSTEM OF UNITS
Fundamental quantities, derived quantities and conversions; SI and MKS system of Units; Basic Chemical Engineering calculations- Atomic, Molecular and Equivalent weights, molar concept, Concentration units for pure components, Vapor pressures, Moles, Mixers and solutions, Molarity, Molality, Normality and Partial pressures; Laws of Chemical Combination; Definition of Stochiometry; Composition of mixers and solutions; Weight fraction; Mole fraction; Volumetric composition; Density and Specific gravity, Ideal gas law; Ideal mixtures and solution; Dalton's law of additive pressures; Amagots law of additive volumes.
UNIT- II: VAPOUR PRESSURE AND HUMIDITY
Vapor Pressure- Liquefaction & Liquid state, Vaporization, Boiling point, Effect of temperature on Vapor Pressure, Vapor Pressure plots, Vapor Pressure of immiscible liquids & solutions, Raoult's law and its limitations. Humidity- Relative and Percent saturation, Dew point, Wet and dry bulb temperatures, use of humidity charts.
UNIT- III: MATERIAL BALANCES
Laws of conservation of mass, meaning of material balance and its applications, Process flow sheet, Drawing material balance on non reacting steady system, Conversion, yield, Limiting reactants, Excess reactants, Recycling, By-passing, Material balances on steady state reacting systems with recycling and By-passing.
UNIT- IV: ENERGY BALANCES
Law of conservation of energy, Meaning of energy balance and its importance, Inputs of energy balance, Specific heat and sensible heat, Latent heat and heats of transition, Sublimation, Enthalpy of solutions, Standard heats of formation, Standard heats of combustion, Standard heats of reaction, Bess's law, Kirchoffs law, Determination of heat of reaction at temperature other than standard temperature using specific heat relationships, Combustion calculations, Combustion air requirements, determination of flue gas composition from fuel composition and vice versa.
UNIT - V: UNIT OPERATIONS IN BIOPROCESSES
Application of principles of unit operations and unit processes in biotech Industries, Application of principles of transport phenomenon (momentum, mass and heat transfer) in bioprocessing. Outline of an integrated bioprocess and the various (upstream and down stream) unit operations involved in bioprocesses, generalized process flow sheets.
EXAMINATION: One question from each unit with internal choice
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Chemical Process Principles, Part - I (Material and Energy Balances) - Hougen & Watson K M & Ragatz R A, 2nd Edition, New Age International.
2. Stoichiometry- Bhatt B I and S M Vora, Tata McGraw Hill.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Basic Principles and Calculations in Chemical Engineering by D M Himmelblau, Prentice Hall.
2. Principles of Process Engineering by S. M. Henderson, Robert L. Perry, J. H. Young. Asae; 4th edition (1997).
3. Coulson & Richardson’s “Chemical Engineering”, Vol. 3., Ed.: JF Richardson, DG Peacock, (1994), ISBN 0-08-041003-0.
4. “Bioprocess Engineering: basic concepts”, M. Shuler and F. Kargi, Prentice Hall ISBN 0-13-478215-1.
5. Bioseparations Engineering: Principles, Practice, and Economics by Michael R. Ladisch. Wiley-Interscience; 1st edition ((2001)).
6. Introduction to Biochemical Engineering, D.G.Rao, Tata Mc Hill (2005).
7. Bio-process Engineering Principles, Pauline M.Doran. Academic press (1995).
8. Unit operations of chemical engineering,Mc Cabe, W.L, Smith J.C., and Harriot P., Mc-Graw Hill, 3re Ed. (1993).
9. "Technical aspects of the rheological properties of microbial cultures", - Charles, M (1978) in Advanmces in Biochemical Engineering, Ghose, T.K., Fiechter, A and Blakebrough, N.( Eds), Spinger-Verlag.
10. Unit operation in Food processing, Earle, R.L. (1996) Pergamon Press, Oxford,
CHEMICAL & BIOCHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS
Periods / Week : 4 / Examination : 70
Nature of Examination : Theory / Exam Duration : 3 Hrs
UNIT-I: BASIC CONCEPTS IN ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS
· System: Definition and Classification of system – based on number of components, homogeneity and heterogeneity and exchange of mass and heat
· Processes: Based on flow [batch or flow] – based on thermodynamic properties (Isothermal, Isobaric, Isochoric, Adiabatic, Polytropic)
· State and Path Functions, equilibrium, Phase rule
· Thermodynamic Properties of fluids – P, V, T, Critical properties (Vc,Tc,Pc), Cp, Cv
· Forms of energy – U, H, Q, W, S, classification of properties-intensive and extensive
· I-Law of Thermodynamics, application of I-law to closed systems and cyclic processes.
· Application of I-law to an open system (steady state-steady flow process) and derivation of total energy balance equation
· I-law applied to flow processes – nozzle, turbine and compressor, throttling device (capillary tube)
· PVT behaviour of pure fluids – P-V, P-T, T-V (Description and characteristic curves)
· Real and Ideal Gas – definition
· Equations of state – Ideal gas law, Virial equations of state (restricted to first two terms, ex: Z = 1 + B1P)
· Qualitative treatment of non ideal gas, Cubic equations of state – Van der Waals and Redlich kwong
· Estimation of thermodynamic properties using equations of state (non-iterative processes)
· Processes involving ideal gases (isochoric,isobaric,isothermal,adiabatic,polytropic – simple applications)
· II-law of thermodynamics: Limitations to I-law, qualitative statement of Kelvin Plank and Clausius versions of II-law, entropy – definition, entropy and heat calculations, Simple applications involving calculation of entropy change (for phase change, mixing) for ideal gases.
· Qualitative statement of III-law of thermodynamics.
· Maxwell relations – problems not included, Residual properties – definition (VR, HR, SR, GR – basic property relations for ideal gases, problems not included)