SBI3U Evolution Unit Review
SBI3U Evolution Unit Review
History of Earth & Evolution
Terms: / Concepts:Big Bang, basic organic molecules, Miller-Urey apparatus, thermal protenoid, simple & complex carbon-based molecules, hydrothermal vent, geothermal energy, solar energy, phospholipid, liposome, RNA, ribozymes, chemoautotrophic, desiccation, mass extinction, climate change, glaciation, continental drift, cladogram, phylogeny, morphology, primitive characteristics, derived characteristics, shared derived characteristics, outgroup / What was the early Earth like? How long did these conditions last? Which factors were needed for early life & where did they come from? How did the Miller-Urey experiment work? What does the Lost City teach us about early Earth? How were protective capsules & membranes formed? Why was RNA used as a reproductive molecule instead of DNA? How did early life cope with: strong UV light (no ozone), getting energy, extreme temperatures & desiccation? How did life evolve? – the general timeline for early evolution from the first prokaryotes to the first primates. What caused the various mass extinctions, what went extinct and when did they happen? How do you make a cladogram? How do you read a cladogram?
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Evidence for Evolution
Terms: / Concepts:Fossil, body fossil, unaltered remains, encrustations, amber entombment, resin, refrigeration, altered remains, lithification, permineralization, replacement, recrystalization, carbonization, trace fossils, stride, gastrolith, coprolite, erosion, radio-isotope, half life, parental, daughter, Fossil Patterns, Homologous structures, embryonic structures, vestigial features, artificial selection, macroevolution, microevolution, species, common ancestor / What is a fossil and how are they formed? What are the different fossil types- how are they formed and what can we learn from them? How do we date fossils: indirect vs. direct fossil dating. How do we find the relative age of a series of fossils? How do we date volcanic ash using radiometric dating (isotope decay)? How is artificial selection similar to & different than natural selection? What are the assumptions & inferences of Darwinian evolution by natural selection? What is the difference between macro & microevolution? The giraffe example.
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History of Evolutionary Theory & Theorists
Terms: / Concepts:Catastrophism, Actualism, erosion, Uniformatism, Galapagos Islands, Galapagos Mockingbirds & Finches, Giant Tortoises, Woodpecker Finch, Wallace’s Line, Wallacea, On the Origin of Species, Thomas Huxley / Before the discovery of fossils what was the current theory of evolution? What did Buffon & Erasamus Darwin theorize? What did Lamarck theorize? Who was Charles Darwin? Where did his 5-year trip on the HMS Beagle take him? What did Darwin see? What did Darwin do when he returned to England? Who was Alfred Russell Wallace? Where did he go to study life and evolution? What did Darwin & Wallace conclude? How were their theories the same? How were they different?
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Mechanisms of Evolution
Terms: / Concepts:Population, allele, genetic drift, bottleneck effect, founder effect, gene flow, mutation, single base change, addition, deletion, TATA promoter, duplication, trait, mean, range, stabilizing selection, directional selection, disruptive selection, sexual selection, facial symmetry, selection by female & male, isolating mechanism, prezygotic mechanisms, postzygotic mechanisms, ecological isolation, temporal isolation, behavioural isolation, mechanical isolation, gametic isolation, zygotic mortality, hybrid inviability, hybrid infertility, speciation, allotpatric speciation, sympatric speciation, divergent evolution, convergent evolution, placental mammals, marsupials, natural selection, theory of gradualism, transitional form, theory of punctuated equilibrium / Why do we say that evolution happens with populations and not individuals? How do alleles become more or less common in a population? Why is mutation not “random”? What are some possible types of mutations…are some more beneficial or detrimental than others? How are alleles selected for or against? What impact does this have on the population? How do averages influence sexual selection, why is being “average” good? Why is having high hormone levels beneficial in mate selection? Why have we evolved to find certain traits attractive? How does isolation affect evolution? How are different species formed? How does natural selection happen (be specific)? How fast does evolution happen?
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Hominid Evolution
Terms: / Concepts:Bonobo, Chimpanzee, Gorilla, Sagittal crest, Sahelanthropus tchadensis, Ardipithecus ramidus, Australopithecus anamensis, Australopithecus anamensis, Australopithecus afarensis, Australopithecus africanus, Paranthropus, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo neanderthalis, Homo sapiens idaltu, Homo sapiens sapiens / How did the habitat changes in Africa affect primate evolution? Under which conditions did our ancestors evolve? What did they eat as herbivores? As carnivores? What challenges did our ancestors face to survive and find food? How did we overcome these problems? How are our bones different from those of gorillas and chimpanzees? What are the overall characteristics of the difference species of hominids? What is the difference between homo sapiens sapienshomo sapiens idaltu? What are some overall trends in hominid evolution? What are the three major groups of hominids?