SBI3C – Circulatory and Respiratory System Review Questions
1. Our Heart has ______chambers:
A. The upper chambers are the ______and ______.
B. The lower chambers are the ______and ______.
2. The Right side of the heart pumps from the ______into the ______.
3. Oxygen poor blood is called ______.
4. The Left side of the Heart pumps ______Rich Blood from the ______to the rest of the ______.
5. Dividing the Right and Left sides is a common wall called the ______. The ______prevents the mixing of Oxygen-poor and Oxygen-rich Blood.
THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE HEART (FROM BODY TO LUNGS, DEOXGENTATED BLOOD)
1. Oxygen-Poor Blood from the body enters the Right side of the Heart through TWO large blood vessels called ______.
2. The ______Vena Cava brings Blood from the UPPER PART OF THE BODY TO THE HEART.
3. The ______Vena Cava brings Blood from the LOWER PART OF THE BODY TO HE HEART.
4. Both VENA CAVA EMPTY INTO THE ______. When the Heart Relaxes (Between Beats), pressure in the circulatory system causes the Atrium to fill with blood.
5. When the Heart CONTRACTS, Blood is squeezed from the RIGHT ______INTO THE RIGHT ______through flaps of tissue called the ______that prevents blood from flowing back into the Right Atrium .
6. THE GENERAL PURPOSE OF ALL VALVES IN THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM IS TO PREVENT THE ______OF BLOOD. They also ensure that BLOOD FLOWS IN ONLY ______DIRECTION.
8. When the Heart CONTRACTS a second time, blood in the RIGHT VENTRICLE IS SENT THROUGH THE ______INTO THE ______. These are the only arteries to carry ______-______Blood. At the base of the Pulmonary Arteries is another valve that prevents blood from traveling back into the Right Ventricle.
9 . Oxygen-Rich Blood leaves the Lungs and Returns to the Heart by way of Blood Vessels called the ______. These are the only Veins to carry ______Blood.
10. Returning Blood enters the LEFT ATRUIM, IT PASSES THROUGH THE ______INTO THE LEFT VENTRICLE.
11. FROM THE LEFT VENTRICAL, BLOOD IS PUMPED INTO THE ______ARTERY THAT CARRIES IT TO EVERY PART OF THE BODY.
THE HEARTBEAT (CARDIAC CYCLE)
1. ______is the term for CONTRACTION.
2. The term for RELAXATION is ______.
3. If any of the Valves do not close properly, an extra ______may be heard.
4. This wave begins in a small bundle of cells embedded in the RIGHT ATRUIM CALLED THE ______. The SA is the natural ______of the Heart. It initiates each Heartbeat and sets the PACE for the HEART RATE.
BLOOD VESSELS (ARTERIES, VEINS AND CAPILLARIES)
1. After the Blood leaves the Heart, it is pumped through a network of Blood Vessels to different parts of the body.
2. The Blood Vessels that form this network and are part of the CIRCULATORY SYSTEM ARE THE ______, ______, AND ______.
ATERIES AND ARTERIOLES (SMALL ARTERIES)
1. Arteries carry blood from the ______TO ______AND THE REST OF THE BODY.
2. The Walls of Arteries are generally ______than those of Veins.
3. EXCEPT FOR THE ______ARTERIES, ALL ARTERIES CARRY ______-RICH BLOOD.
4. The Artery that carries Oxygen-Rich Blood from the LEFT VENTRICLE to all parts of the body is the ______.
5. THE AORTA WITH A DIAMETER OF 2.5 cm, IS THE ______ARTERY IN THE BODY.
6. THE SMALLEST ARTERIES ARE CALLED______.
CAPILLARIES
1. Arterioles branch into networkds of very small blood vessels called ______.
2. It is in the thin-walled (one-cell thickness) blood vessels that the real work of the circulatory system is done.
3. The Walls of the Capillaries consist of only one layer of cells, making it easy for Oxygen and Nutrients to ______FROM THE BLOOD INTO THE TISSUE.
VEINS
1. THE FLOW OF BLOOD MOVES FROM CAPILLARIES INTO ______.
2. Veins form a system that ______blood from every part of the body and carries it back to the ______.
3. The smallest Veins are called ______.
4. Vein walls are thinner and less elastic than Arteries. Veins though are more ______and are able to stretch out readily.
5. This flexibility reduces the resistance the flow of blood encounters on its way back to the heart.
6. Large veins contain valves that maintain the one direction flow of Blood. This is important where blood must flow against the force of gravity.
PATHWAYS OF CIRCULATION
1. Blood moves through the body in a continuous pathway, of which there are two major parts; the______and ______circulation.
2. The ______circulation carries blood between the ______and the ______. This circulation begins at the right ______and ends at the left______.
4. ______starts at the left ______and ends at the right ______. This type of circulation carries blood to the rest of the body.
BLOOD PRESSURE
1. Blood moves through our crculation sstem because it is under ______.
2. This pessure is caused by the ______of the hart and by muscles that surround blood vessels.
3. A measure of force that blood exerts against a blood vessel wall is called ______pressure.
4. Blood Pressure is normally ______. (rate)
5. The top blood pressure number indicates the ______pressure while the bottom number indicates the ______pressure.
RED BLOOD CELLS (RBC) ERTHROCYTES
1. RBC are the most ______of the bood cells. One microliter of blood contains approx. 5 million RBCs.
2. RBC are ______, or shaped so that they are narrower in the center than along the edges.
3 Mature RBC do not have a Nucleus.
4 ______is the iron-containing protein that gives RBC the ability to carry Oxygen. Hemoglobin gives the RBC their color.
5 RBC stay in circulation for about 120 days before they are destroyed by special WBC in the liver and spleen. RDC in your body are dying and being replace at a rate of about 2 million per second.
WHITE BLOOD CELLS (WBC) LEUKOCYTES
1. Outnumbered by RBC almost 500 to 1.
2. WBC are produced in the ______Marrow, are larger than RBC, almost Colorless, and do not contain Hemoglobin.
3. WBC have a Nucleus and can live for many months or years.
4. THE MAIN FUNCTION OF WBC IS TO ______.
DIRECTIONS: Answer the questions below as completely and as thoroughly as possible. Answer the question in essay form (not outline form), using complete sentences. You may use diagrams to supplement your answers, but a diagram alone without appropriate discussion is inadequate. See me if you need Help, Have Problems or Questions or To Check Your Answers.
1. State the main functions of the circulatory system.
2. Name the three major parts of the circulatory system.
3. Describe the difference between pulmonary circulation and the systemic ciculation.
4. Describe the main parts of the heart.
5. Describe how the two sides of the heart differ in terms of the kind of blood they receive and pump, INCLUDE: Where does the blood come from? How does it enter the heart? How does it exit the heart? Where does it go to?
6. Explain the difference between diastole and systole.
7. How is heart contraction rate controlled?
8. What are the components of bood, and the function of each component?
9. Compare ateries, veins, and capillaries. In your answer, discuss the types of tissue in them, function, and type of blood generally carried.
11. What are the Three Functions of Blood?
13. Identify the structure that controls the heartbeat, and describe the process by which it regulates the heartbeat.
14. A woman with type AB blood marries a man who is heterozygous for type B blood.
a) Show the parental cross, the gametes produced and the possible resulting offspring. (4)
b) What is the chance of this couple having a baby with type B blood? (1)
c) What are the possible blood types of this woman’s father? (1)
Respiratory System1. You breathe in ______oxygen but breathe out ______oxygen.
2. The pathway taken by air entering the lungs is nasal cavity, ______, ______, ______, and the ______which branch and enter the left and right lung.
3. Gax exchange occurs between the blood and air in the lungs because of ______.
4.. Match the following respiratory components with their descriptions.
__ bronchi a. microscopically small air sacs
__ alveoli b. contains vocal cords
__ trachea c. throat
__ larynx d. air-conducting tube; windpipe
__ pharynx e. connects trachea to lungs
5. Distinguish between breathing and respiration: ______
6. Why is mucus so important to the respiratory system?______
7. Explain how breathing is controlled: ______
______
8. Describe the difference between tidal volume, residual volume, and vital capacity: ______
______
______
9. Trace the pathway of an oxygen molecule as it travels to a cell in your brain. Start with the oxygen molecule outside of the body. Be sure to indicate all of the structures the oxygen molecule passes through in the respiratory system and all of the valves, chambers and vessels in the circulatory system as well.