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Sandra Sandoval
(1) I would like to know more about the bourgeois ideologists who would lead the proletariat revolution that Marx refers to? Were their any? Who were they besides Marx and Engel?
(2) What kind of psychoanalytic training did Freud develop for teachers?
(1)Check this out:
(2) Check the following link to amazon.com for a book written by Freud’s daughter, also mentioned in the book, Anna. She wrote a book explaining the implications of psychoanalysis for parents and teachers. I don’t think Freud himself provided direct training for teachers, but I could be wrong. But definitely Freud’s psychoanalysis had an influence on teacher training and especially on school psychology.
Alma Rangel
(1) The book mentions that Spencer’s social theory emphasizing individual competition was often attacked by twentieth-century educators. Which was the main reason?
(2)After read about Freud, I wonder if psychoanalytic training for teachers is offered in the schools or if a psychological counseling has to be offered.
(1)See the following paragraph for major criticisms of social Darwinism and Herbert Spencer. Visit the following link for more detailed discussions:
Some socialists allege that capitalists used Social Darwinism to justify laissez-faire capitalism and social inequality. Others have used it to justify a variety of beliefs such as racialism or imperialism. Many used Social Darwinism to argue against any sort of universal morality or any sort of altruism.
(2) Columbia University’s Teachers’ College has a Clinical Psychology Program that has an emphasis on psychoanalysis. I guess there are other universities whose colleges of education host similar programs. I am not sure if every preservice teacher is required to take such a course. But certainly the works of Freud are addressed in a variety of other channels, for example, a philosophy of education course. (See also my response to Sandra)
Guillermo Pro
(1) I have always been fascinated by twins studies and would like to know more about development of two biologically identical people who still have similar interests, goals, houses, etc and compare their educational outcomes and experiences. I think this is tied into both Darwin and Freud.
Yes, twins study or research is a type of study exploring the relationship between genetics and behaviors. In this sense, it is related to Freud. On the other hand, if identical twins behave differently because they are brought up in different environment, then it proves what Marx believed that environment or society shapes the human behavior or characteristics. See the wikipedia site for some criticisms of the twins study method/approach.
Michael Muzheve
What is the relationship between psychoanalysis theory and cognitive theory?
Techniques of Psychoanalysis extracted from
The basic method of psychoanalysis is the transference and resistance analysis of free association. The patient, in a relaxed posture, is directed to say whatever comes to mind. Dreams, hopes, wishes, and fantasies are of interest, as are recollections of early family life. Generally the analyst simply listens, making comments only when, in his or her professional judgment, an opportunity for insight on the part of the patient arises. In listening, the analyst attempts to maintain an attitude of empathic neutrality, a nonjudgmental stance designed to create a safe environment. The analyst asks that the analysand (patient) speak with utter honesty about whatever comes to awareness while interpreting the patterns and inhibitions that appear in the patient's speech and other behavior.
Many clinicians hold that psychoanalysis is not recommended in cases of serious psychological disruption, such as psychosis, suicidal depression, or severe untreated alcoholism. Such patients may be labeled "un-analyzable". More typical applications include treatment of clinical depression and personality disorders.
Some more recent forms of psychoanalysis seek to help patients gain self-esteem through greater trust of the self, overcome the fear of death and its effects on current behavior, and maintain several relationships that appear to be incompatible.
Although single-client sessions remain the norm, psychoanalysis has been adapted as a form of group therapy by Harry Stack Sullivan and others.
The definition of Cognitive psychology:
Cognitive psychology is the school of psychology that examines internal mental processes such as problem solving, memory, and language.
I think the two are similar in the sense that both seek to explore the inner conditions in people’s minds. They are different, however, in that psychoanalysis treats mostly mental problems or illness, and cognitive psychology deals with learning or acquisition of knowledge by using the information-processing model. Cognitive Psychology is also much more structured, systematic, and testable approach than psychoanalysis.
Nedaro Bellamy
None
Amy Anderson
(1) As indicated in chapter 14, neo-Marxism continues to be an influential mode of
analysis of contemporary academic and theoretical studies. What is an example of
this sort of study? How does this lens impact the educational setting today?
(2) Also, from chapter 16 the term ethnonationalism is used on page 323. What does this
mean?
(1)
I think neo-Marxism is also what we often call a “critical theory”, which together with, for example, feminism, postmodernism and multiculturalism, emphasizes the conflicts in the society such as the conflicts between the poor and the rich, the conflicts between the powerful and the oppressed and the issues of inequality.
(2)
(3)Elsa Barron
I'd like to know if H. Spencer graduated from college, and what degree did he obtain? Also, if Spencer was mostly tutored by his father and self-educated, how did he become such a well-known "educator" that his educational ideas appealed to American Education?
I don’t think Spence went to college. He received his formal education with his uncle. I think the reason he became a well-known educator is first because his view about education as a gradual, slow, deliberated process that match what other famous educational theorists’ ideas such as Rousseau and Pestalozzi. Meanwhile, he was also against the training in classical, dead languages, which is in accordance with the views of enlightenment scholars. Thirdly, I think his influences in education are also a result of his importance in other fields. For example, his social Darwinism supported a lassiz-faire economy and justified the necessary exploitation resulted from the expansion of industrialism.
Heather Ramirez
I would like to know what kind of special privileges Freud enjoyed while at the top of his class at gymnasium.
I am not sure what privileges he enjoyed at gymnasium. Perhaps you can refer to his autobiography as listed in the reference list of this chapter. But the following site indicated that he enjoyed some privileges at home even if it is “rumor”.
“Rumor has it that he was his mother's favorite of the seven children. As the story goes, he was the only child allowed a nightlight in which to read by at night and was the only child given his own room and extra luxuries to assist his educational pursuits.”
Bryan Bryant
Did Freud have any views on slavery? Also, I would like to know more about psychobiography.
On psychobiography:
I don’t recall Freud directly commented on slavery. If he had, he must have criticized it.
Rebecca Black
Was Charles Darwin religious? Also (on a humorous note,) what would Sigmund Freud have thought about Karl Marx?
Check out these wonderful sites on Darwin’s religious beliefs. It seems to be a hot topic. If you have time, you may also refer to his autobiography.
Obvious, after a struggle between religious beliefs and the law of nature and the death of his daughter, Darwin concluded that he is not an atheist but an agnostic.
I think if Freud and Marx did meet, they wouldn’t like each other. Theoretically, Freud emphasizes individual’s conscious and unconscious and sexuality. Marx focused on individual in a group, class, and society. They have different orientations and certainly, their ways of solving social problems are largely different.
Meixia Ding
I am very interested in Spencer’s educational theory, especially the human mental development theory which was similar to Comenius, Rousseau, Pestalozzi. I want to know whether Spencer’s idea had a big influence on Piaget’s theory. Since Spencer also rejected government controlled education, I want to know to what the extent, his idea influenced current American schooling model.
Education today continues to be influenced by Spencer's Social Darwinist
theories. In fact, his curriculum activities based on human needs are
still being implemented in one form or another. His influences are still
felt as education continues to discuss voucher systems for private
schools, the smaller role of government in education, and in the stressing
of teaching skills that will assist students in becoming individuals who
contribute to the good of society.
Several of Spencer's works are being utilized in today's most prestigious
universities. His "Principles of Biology" is a text at Oxford University.
His "Principles of Psychology" text can be found at Harvard. The "Study
of Sociology" is Spencer's work used not only as a textbook at Yale, but
was the textbook used for the first course in Sociology in the United
States. Sociology became a discipline in the United States because of
Spencer's impressive work.
Check the following book which links Spencer, Dewey, and Piaget together but criticized al of them.
Of course, I think Piaget is highly influenced by Spencer and Freud.
Antonio Rivera Rosado
As a result of reading this chapter, I would like to learn if Marxism influenced other communist countries like Cuba, Vietnam and North Korea, or if their Communism has a different root.
Although these countries may have become communist for different reasons (e.g., Cuba sought for independence from U. S.; Vietnam was under the threat of communism; North Korea was fighting the feudalism), I think they do share a common root as the communism in Soviet Union and China.
Courtney West
(1) When proletarian education was discussed, it indicated that teachers would be recruited for their proletarian dedication and their knowledge of the processes of dialectical materialism? (p.293). I wonder if there were any specific plans or training facilities for teachers to be schooled in dialectical materialism.
(2) It was also stated that although the state would wither away, the school system
would probably remain? (p.293). If this were the case, who or what would oversee
the educational process?
(1)Sure, every student in socialist countries has to study Marx’s works and dialectical materialism and be evaluated during various local and nation wide tests. There is no exception for teachers. They took courses on Marx and dialectical materialism, surplus value, exploitation of labor and etc. And they must obtain certain score before they can be even admitted to teacher training institutes. They will continue to study Marx after they are in the teacher training institutes and be tested on their knowledge about Marx and his theories.
(2) I guess the school, in that condition, will be controlled and supervised by individuals or group of individuals or local community, somebody who care about kids and feel that they are responsible to maintain the schools.
Lawrence L Perkins
I really would like to know if Marx ever really felt that his system was implemented the way he and Engels had envisioned it?
I don’t really think so. Marx didn’t even think that he is a Marxist. The socialist countries built in China and the former Soviet Union did not follow Marx’s original theory related to the stages of history. According to Marx, a socialist or communist country needs to be built upon maximum products, materials, or wealth. However, the communist countries in East Europe and Asia were established out of the ruins of half-feudalism and half capitalism or in other words, poverty and backwardness. So Marx’s theory was not implemented as he had originally intended or has been misused. But almost ironically, Marx’s works had very positive influences on the capitalist countries, for example, paying attention to workers’ rights and possible ways to avoid severe economic depression.
Nickolas Bobeck
In Chapter 15 “natural rights” are mentioned in reference of children against coercive parents and teachers. What is the author referring to in this chapter? Pg 306 fourth line
I would say “natural rights” here is no difference than the natural rights we usually think such as life, liberty, and happiness, some alienable, basic rights that is independent of government or other interference.
Bernice Sanchez
I would like to learn more about Spencerian Educational Methodology
See my response to Meixia.
His educational principles in psychology, sociology, and biology of course had more influences on today. But his contributions are also general and philosophical. Although I have not read his books on psychology, sociology, and biology, I think Spencer’s methodology is likely to be inquiry-oriented that allows students to explore in their own pace gradually, based on what I read about his other works.
Hayley Kazen
Are Freud's ideas (free association, dream analysis) still accepted in the field of psychology today? Are Sumner's and Freud's ideas about the role of the school in transmitting culture that different?
See my responses to other students especially Michael on Freud’s influence. I think his ideas are still accepted but also hard to test and not considered suitable for more severe diseases.
I don’t think Sumner and Freud’s views are that different at least not as different as them versus neo-Marxists. Freud, according to the book also acknowledged the difficulty of turning schools into a change agency that challenge the established social orders. Freud did not intend to turn students into rebels but simply emphasize on the inner needs of students and their healthy development.