CHAPTER SEVEN
Sampling and Sampling Distributions
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Sampling, Sampling Distributions, and Quality Control
B 1. Saving time and money are reasons to take a ______rather than a census.
E A. poll
Term B. sample
C. profile
D. Fishbone
D 2.Which of the following is NOT a reason for using a sample, rather than a census?
E A. sampling saves time
Term B. sampling saves money
C. some testing procedures are destructive
D. some testing procedures are deductive
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Chapter 7: Sampling and Sampling Distributions1
C 3.Which of the following is a random sampling technique?
E A. judgment sampling
Term B. systematic sampling
C. quota sampling
D. convenience sampling
A 4.Which of the following is a nonrandom sampling technique?
E A. quota sampling
Term B. systematic sampling
C. cluster sampling
D. stratified sampling
B 5.A major limitation of nonrandom samples is ______.
E A. they are more expensive
Term B. they are not appropriate for most statistical methods
C. they require more time
D. they require more planning
D 6.The directory or map from which a sample is taken is called the ______.
M A. population
Term B. census
C. profile
D. frame
A 7.A business writer wants to assess the Shelby County business community's attitude toward a proposed value-added tax. He selects his sample from the Chamber of Commerce membership list. The membership list is ______.
M A. a frame
BApp B. the writer's target population
C. the writer's sampling distribution
D. a census
B 8.Kristen Ashford purchased the subscribers list for Wind Surfing magazine. She wants to survey a sample of wind surfers for her mail order business. She chooses her sample from the Wind Surfing subscribers list. The subscribers list is ______.
M A. Kristen's target population
BApp B. a frame
C. a census
D. Kristen's sampling distribution
C 9.Catherine Chao, Director of Marketing Research, needs a sample of Kansas City households to participate in the testing of a new toothpaste package. She plans to randomly select the households from the residential pages of the telephone directory. The residential pages of the telephone directory is ______.
M A. Catherine's sampling distribution
BApp B. Catherine's target population
C. a frame
D. a poll
B 10.Financial analyst Larry Potts needs a sample of securities listed on the New York Stock Exchange. He decides to select the sample from the Wall Street Journal's "New York Exchange Composite Transactions," an alphabetical listing of all securities traded on the previous business day. The "New York Exchange Composite Transactions" is ______.
M A. a poll
BApp B. a frame
C. Larry's sampling distribution
D. Larry's target population
B 11.The two major categories of sampling methods are ______.
M A. quota and convenience
Term B. random and nonrandom
C. stratified and cluster
D. proportionate and disproportionate
B 12.If every unit of the population has the same probability of being selected to the sample, then the researcher is probably conducting ______.
E A. nonrandom sampling
Term B. random sampling
C. judgment sampling
D. equivalent sampling
B 13.The most elementary type of random sampling is ______.
E A. stratified sampling
Term B. simple random sampling
C. cluster sampling
D. judgment sampling
D 14.With ______random sampling, there is homogeneity within a subgroup or stratum.
M A. judgmental
Term B. simple
C. cluster
D. stratified
B 15.If a researcher selects every kth item from a population of N items, then she is likely conducting ______random sampling.
M A. judgmental
Term B. systematic
C. cluster
D. stratified
C 16.A nonrandom sampling technique in which elements are selected for the sample based on the convenience of the researcher is called ______sampling.
E A. judgment
Term B. quota
C. convenience
D. error free
B 17.A nonrandom sampling technique which is similar to stratified random sampling is called ______sampling.
M A. judgment
Term B. quota
C. convenience
D. error free
A 18.______error occurs when, by chance, the sample is not representative of the population.
E A. Sampling
Term B. Telescoping
C. Detail
D. Nonsampling
D 19.Kristen Ashford purchased the subscribers list for Wind Surfing magazine. She plans to survey a sample of the subscribers before using the list in her mail order business. She chooses the first 100 of the 5,000 names. Her sample is a ______.
E A. simple random sample
BApp B. stratified sample
C. systematic sample
D. convenience sample
C 20.Kristen Ashford purchased the subscribers list for Wind Surfing magazine. She plans to survey a sample of the subscribers before using the list in her mail order business. She randomly selects the fourth name as a starting point and then selects every 50th subsequent name (54, 104, 154, etc.). Her sample is a ______.
E A. simple random sample
BApp B. stratified sample
C. systematic sample
D. convenience sample
A 21.Kristen Ashford purchased the subscribers list for Wind Surfing magazine. She plans to survey a sample of the subscribers before using the list in her mail order business. The names are numbered consecutively from 1 to 5,000. Kristen chooses her sample by selecting four-digit numbers (1 to 5,000) from a random number table. Her sample is a ______.
E A. simple random sample
BApp B. stratified sample
C. systematic sample
D. convenience sample
C 22.Pinky Bauer, Chief Financial Officer of Harrison Haulers, Inc., suspects irregularities in the payroll system. She knows that 2,500 payroll vouchers have been issued since January 1, 2000, and her staff doesn't have time to inspect each voucher. So, she orders her staff to inspect the last 200 vouchers. Her sample is a ______.
E A. stratified sample
BApp B. simple random sample
C. convenience sample
D. systematic sample
D 23.Pinky Bauer, Chief Financial Officer of Harrison Haulers, Inc., suspects irregularities in the payroll system. She knows that 2,500 payroll vouchers have been issued since January 1, 2000, and her staff doesn't have time to inspect each voucher. So, she randomly selects 53 as a starting point and orders her staff to inspect the 53rd voucher and each voucher at an increment of 100 (53, 153, 253, etc.). Her sample is a ______.
E A. stratified sample
BApp B. simple random sample
C. convenience sample
D. systematic sample
B 24.Pinky Bauer, Chief Financial Officer of Harrison Haulers, Inc., suspects irregularities in the payroll system. She knows that 2,500 payroll vouchers have been issued since January 1, 2000, and her staff doesn't have time to inspect each voucher. The vouchers are numbered consecutively from 1 to 2,500. Pinky's staff chooses her sample by selecting four-digit numbers (1 to 2,500) from a random number table. Her sample is a ______.
E A. stratified sample
BApp B. simple random sample
C. convenience sample
D. systematic sample
A 25.Financial analyst Larry Potts needs a sample of 100 securities listed on the New York Stock Exchange. He chooses the first 100 securities listed in the Wall Street Journal's "New York Exchange Composite Transactions," an alphabetical listing of all securities traded on the previous business day. Larry's sample is a ______.
E A. convenience sample
BApp B. simple random sample
C. systematic sample
D. stratified sample
B 26.Financial analyst Larry Potts needs a sample of 100 securities listed on the New York Stock Exchange. In the current issue of the Wall Street Journal, 2,531 securities are listed in the "New York Exchange Composite Transactions," an alphabetical listing of all securities traded on the previous business day. Larry uses a table of random numbers to select 100 numbers between 1 and 2,531. His sample is a ______.
E A. quota sample
BApp B. simple random sample
C. systematic sample
D. stratified sample
D 27.Financial analyst Larry Potts needs a sample of 100 securities listed on the New York Stock Exchange. In the current issue of the Wall Street Journal, 2,531 securities are listed in the "New York Exchange Composite Transactions," an alphabetical listing of all securities traded on the previous business day. Larry randomly selects the 7th security as a starting point, and selects every 25th security thereafter (7, 32, 57, etc.). His sample is a ______.
E A. quota sample
BApp B. simple random sample
C. stratified sample
D. systematic sample
C 28.Financial analyst Larry Potts needs a sample of 100 securities listed on either the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) or the American Stock Exchange (AMEX). According to the Wall Street Journal's "Stock Market Data Bank," 2,531 NYSE securities and AMEX 746 securities were traded on the previous business day. Larry directs his staff to randomly select 77 NYSE and 23 AMEX securities. His sample is a ______.
M A. disproportionate systematic sample
BApp B. disproportionate stratified sample
C. proportionate stratified sample
D. proportionate systematic sample
A 29.On Saturdays, cars arrive at David Zebda's Scrub and Shine Car Wash at the rate of 80 cars per hour during the ten-hour shift. David wants a sample of 40 Saturday customers to answer the long version of his quality service questionnaire. He instructs the Saturday crew to select the first 40 customers. His sample is a ______.
E A. convenience sample
BApp B. simple random sample
C. systematic sample
D. stratified sample
C 30.On Saturdays, cars arrive at David Zebda's Scrub and Shine Car Wash at the rate of 80 cars per hour during the ten-hour shift. David wants a sample of 40 Saturday customers to answer the long version of his quality service questionnaire. He randomly selects 9 as a starting point and instructs the crew to select the 9th customer and each customer at intervals of 20 ( 9, 29, 49, etc.). His sample is a ______.
E A. convenience sample
BApp B. simple random sample
C. systematic sample
D. stratified sample
C 31.Albert Abbasi, VP of Operations at Ingleside International Bank, is evaluating the service level provided to walk-in customers. Accordingly, he plans a sample of waiting times for walk-in customers. Albert instructs his staff to record the waiting times for the first 45 walk-in customers arriving after the noon hour. Albert's sample is a ______.
E A. simple random sample
BApp B. systematic sample
C. convenience sample
D. stratified sample
B 32.Albert Abbasi, VP of Operations at Ingleside International Bank, is evaluating the service level provided to walk-in customers. Accordingly, he plans a sample of waiting times for walk-in customers. Albert randomly selects 4 as a starting point and instructs his staff to record the waiting times for the 4th walk-in customer and every 10th customer thereafter (4, 14, 24, etc.). Albert's sample is a ______.
E A. simple random sample
BApp B. systematic sample
C. convenience sample
D. stratified sample
D 33.A carload of palletized aluminum castings has arrived at Mansfield Motor Manufacturers. The car contains 1,000 pallets of 100 castings each. Mario Munoz, manager of Quality Assurance, directs the receiving crew to deliver the 127th and 869th pallets to his crew for 100% inspection. Mario randomly selected 127 and 869 from a table of random numbers. Mario's sample of 200 castings is a ______.
M A. simple random sample
BApp B. systematic sample
C. stratified sample
D. cluster sample
A 34.A carload of steel rods has arrived at Cybermatic Construction Company. The car contains 1,000 bundles of 50 rods each. Claude Ong, manager of Quality Assurance, directs the receiving crew to deliver the 63th and 458th bundles to his crew for 100% inspection. Claude randomly selected 63 and 458 from a table of random numbers. Claude's sample of 100 rods is a ______.
M A. cluster sample
BApp B. simple random sample
C. quota sample
D. systematic sample
D 35.Abel Alonzo, Director of Human Resources, is exploring employee absenteeism at the Harrison Haulers Plant. Abel knows that absenteeism varies significantly between departments. For example, workers in the wood shop are absent more than those in the tuning department and the size of the departments ranges from 40 to 120 workers. He orders a random sample of 10 workers from each of the six departments. Abel' sample is a ______.
E A. proportionate systematic sample
BApp B. proportionate stratified sample
C. disproportionate systematic sample
D. disproportionate stratified sample
B 36.Abel Alonzo, Director of Human Resources, is exploring employee absenteeism at the Harrison Haulers Plant. Abel knows that absenteeism varies significantly between departments. For example, workers in the wood shop are absent more than those in the tuning department and the size of the departments ranges from 40 to 120 workers. He orders a random sample of 10% of the workers from each of the six departments. Abel' sample is a ______.
E A. proportionate systematic sample
BApp B. proportionate stratified sample
C. disproportionate systematic sample
D. disproportionate stratified sample
B 37.Catherine Chao, Director of Marketing Research, needs a sample of households to participate in the testing of a new toothpaste package. She chooses thirty-six of her closest friends. Catherine's sample is a ______.
E A. cluster sample
BApp B. convenience sample
C. quota sample
D. systematic sample
C 38.Catherine Chao, Director of Marketing Research, needs a sample of households to participate in the testing of a new toothpaste package. She directs the seven members of her staff to find five households each. Catherine's sample is a ______.
E A. cluster sample
BApp B. proportionate stratified sample
C. quota sample
D. disproportionate stratified sample
A 39.Catherine Chao, Director of Marketing Research, needs a sample of households to participate in the testing of a new toothpaste package. She narrows the selection by first randomly selecting 5 census tracts in the city; then the sample is randomly selected from the five tracts Catherine's sample is a ______.
M A. cluster sample
BApp B. proportionate stratified sample
C. quota sample
D. disproportionate stratified sample
D 40.Catherine Chao, Director of Marketing Research, needs a sample of households to participate in the testing of a new toothpaste package. She estimates there are approximately 69,000 entries in the residential pages of the telephone directory, randomly selects 152 as the starting point, and instructs her staff to select every 227th entry. Catherine's sample is a ______.
E A. cluster sample
BApp B. proportionate stratified sample
C. disproportionate stratified sample
D. systematic sample
B 41.The eight employees of the Tuning Department and their “years of experience” are listed in the following table.
Employee / A / B / C / D / E / F / G / HExperience (years) / 10 / 2 / 1 / 1 / 15 / 7 / 4 / 8
If a sample of two employees is selected with replacement, the number of elementary outcomes in the sample space is ______.
M A. 56
BCalc B. 64
C. 336
D. 512
D 42.The eight employees of the Tuning Department and their “years of experience” are listed in the following table.
Employee / A / B / C / D / E / F / G / HExperience (years) / 10 / 2 / 1 / 1 / 15 / 7 / 4 / 8
If a sample of three employees is selected with replacement, the number of elementary outcomes in the sample space is ______.
M A. 56
BCalc B. 64
C. 336
D. 512
B 43.The eight employees of the Tuning Department and their “years of experience” are listed in the following table.
Employee / A / B / C / D / E / F / G / HExperience (years) / 10 / 2 / 1 / 1 / 15 / 7 / 4 / 8
If a sample of two employees is selected with replacement, which of the following is not a possible value of the sample mean years of experience?
M A. 2.5
BCalc B. 6.5
C. 8.5
D. 12.5
A 44.The eight employees of the Tuning Department and their “years of experience” are listed in the following table.
Employee / A / B / C / D / E / F / G / HExperience (years) / 10 / 2 / 1 / 1 / 15 / 7 / 4 / 8
If a sample of two employees is selected without replacement, the number of elementary outcomes in the sample space is ______.
M A. 56
BCalc B. 64
C. 336
D. 512
C 45.The eight employees of the Tuning Department and their “years of experience” are listed in the following table.
Employee / A / B / C / D / E / F / G / HExperience (years) / 10 / 2 / 1 / 1 / 15 / 7 / 4 / 8
If a sample of three employees is selected without replacement, the number of elementary outcomes in the sample space is ______.
M A. 56
BCalc B. 64
C. 336
D. 512
D 46.The eight employees of the Tuning Department and their “years of experience” are listed in the following table.
Employee / A / B / C / D / E / F / G / HExperience (years) / 10 / 2 / 1 / 1 / 15 / 7 / 4 / 8
If a sample of two employees is selected without replacement, which of the following is not a possible value of the sample mean years of experience?
M A. 9
BCalc B. 12.5
C. 4
D. 2
B 47.A sampling distribution is a distribution of ______.
E A. excess profits to selected shareholders.
Term B. a sample statistic, such as, .
C. a population parameter, such as, .
D. a population attribute, such as, employee’s age.
D 48.The standard deviation of a sampling distribution is commonly called ______.
E A. statistical leverage.
Term B. the uniform spread.
C. statistical margin.
D. the standard error.
A 49.The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of is commonly called the ______of the mean.
E A. standard error
Term B. uniform spread
C. statistical margin
D. statistical leverage
B 50.The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of is commonly called the ______of the proportion.
E A. uniform spread
Term B. standard error
C. statistical margin
D. statistical leverage
A 51.The central limit theorem states that if n is large enough, the distribution of the sample means are ______distributed regardless of the shape of the population.
E A. approximately normally
Term B. uniformly
C. randomly
D. nonrandomly
B 52.According to the central limit theorem, the mean of the sample means for a given size of sample is equal to ______.
E A. the population mean divided by n
Term B. the population mean
C. the population mean divided by the square root of n
D. zero
B 53.The smallest sample size that should be used when relying on the central limit theorem is ______.
E A. 20
Term B. 30
C. 40
D. 50
C 54.The central limit theorem is applicable only ______.
E A. to symmetrical populations
Term B. to unimodal populations
C. when the sample size is 30 or more
D. to leptokurtic populations
D 55.The central limit theorem is applicable ______.
M A. only to symmetrical populations
Term B. only to unimodal populations
C. when the sample size is 20 or more
D. regardless of the shape of the population distribution
A 56.If the sample size is sufficiently large, according to the central limit theorem, the sample means are approximately ______.
E A. normally distributed
Term B. exponentially distributed
C. uniformly distributed
D. geometrically distributed
C 57.According to the central limit theorem, if a sample of size 100 is drawn from a population with a mean of 80, the mean of all sample means would equal ______.
E A. 0.80
Calc B. 8
C. 80
D. 100
B 58.According to the central limit theorem, if a sample of size 64 is drawn from a population with a mean of 56, the mean of all sample means would equal ______.
E A. 7.00
Calc B. 56.00
C. 64.00
D. 0.875
B 59.According to the central limit theorem, if a sample of size 100 is drawn from a population with a standard deviation of 80, the standard deviation of sample means would equal ______.
E A. 0.80
Calc B. 8
C. 80
D. 800
A 60.According to the central limit theorem, if a sample of size 64 is drawn from a population with a standard deviation of 80, the standard deviation of sample means would equal ______.
E A. 10.000
Calc B. 1.250
C. 0.125
D. 0.800
B 61.Increasing the sample size causes the standard error of the mean to ______.
E A. destabilize in value
Term B. decrease in value
C. seek market equilibrium
D. increase in value
D 62.Increasing the sample size causes the sampling distribution of to ______.
M A. shift to the right
Term B. shift to the left
C. have more dispersion
D. have less dispersion
D 63.According to the central limit theorem, for samples of size 64 drawn from a population with = 800 and = 56, the mean of the sampling distribution of sample means would equal ______.
E A. 7
Calc B. 8
C. 100
D. 800
A 64.According to the central limit theorem, for samples of size 64 drawn from a population with = 800 and = 56, the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of sample means would equal ______.