Safeguarding and Child Protection Policy

SAFEGUARDING AND CHILD PROTECTION POLICY

Author/Contact: / Vanessa Miller (Head of Care/ Safeguarding)
Approval/Ratified by: / Senior Managers and Directors
Publication Date: / June 2017
Review Date: / June 2018
Related Policies: / 4.2 Whistleblowing by Staff
4.3 Missing from Care Policy
4.7 IT and Electronic Communications Policy
5.1 Staffing Policy
5.4 Staff Conduct and Disciplinary Procedure
5.7 Training Policy
6.1 SWAAY Education Policy
6.2 Curriculum Policy
6.3 Special Education Needs and Disability Policy
6.4 Values Policy
6.5 Assessment and Marking Policy
6.6 Moderation Policy
Legislation: / Children’s Homes Regulations 2015:
Engaging in the Wider System to Ensure Children’s Needs are Met - Regulation 5
The Quality and Purpose of Care Standard - Regulation 6
The Children’s Views, Wishes and Feelings Standard - Regulation 7
The Positive Relationships Standard - Regulation 11
The Protection of Children Standard - Regulation 12
The Leadership and Management Standard - Regulation 13
The Care Planning Standard - Regulation 14
Placement Plan for Looked after Child - Regulation 17
Behaviour Management and Discipline - Regulation 19
Restraint and Deprivation of Liberty - Regulation 20
Privacy and Access - Regulation 21
Contact and Access to Communication - Regulation 22
Polices for the Protection of Children - Regulation 34
Behaviour Management Policies and Records - Regulation 35
Children’s Case Records - Regulation 36
Other Records - Regulation 37
Storage of Records – Regulation 38
Complaints and Representations - Regulation 39
Notification of a Serious Event -Regulation 40
The Education (Independent School Standards) Regulations 2014
Keeping Children Safe in Education (September 2015)
The Prevent Duty Departmental Advice for Schools and Childcare Providers (June 2015)

POLICY STATEMENT

SWAAY will actively promote the safeguarding of children and young people protecting them from maltreatment; preventing impairment of children and young people’s health or development; ensuring that children and young people grow up in circumstances consistent with the provision of safe and effective care; and taking action to enable all children and young people to have the best outcomes. Where a child or young person is suffering significant harm, or is likely to do so, SWAAY will take action to protect that child. Action will also be taken to promote the welfare of a child in need of additional support, even if they are not suffering harm or are at immediate risk.

This policy has been developed in line with the Local Safeguarding Children’s Board (LSCB) procedures and will be made available to parents, Independent Reviewing Officers and Social Workers on request.

One of the fundamental aims of SWAAY is to look after children and young people who have experienced significant adversity and multiple forms of abuse or trauma; and who have perpetrated inappropriate and harmful sexual behaviour against others. Given the histories of the children and young people in our care, the following three boundaries are in place as safeguarding measures:

·  That the young people stay on the ‘24 hour supervision’ of an adult, except when they are in their bedroom or bathroom or indeed they have worked towards a safe level of ‘discretionary independence’ which includes a risk assessment.

·  That the young people and staff make an agreement to refrain from borrowing or lending, as this has quite often been a factor of the young peoples’ own abuse as victims and perpetrators, in terms of grooming and not speaking out.

·  That the adults and young people observe a ‘positive touch boundary’ to promote respect for personal space. According to this boundary any touch should be pro-social (i.e. not fighting, play-fighting, intimidating, bullying, threatening or teasing); and should only be done with the consent of the other person. A comfortable and socially acceptable ‘space’ or distance should be maintained with others. Any accidental invasion of personal space should be acknowledged openly and an apology given. If there is any concern that an invasion of personal space was intentional, then this would need to be explored.

Whilst some of the behaviours displayed by these children and young people may well be viewed as ‘healthy teenage development’ in one context, in SWAAY it may well lead to a potentially abusive scenario. Hence the need for a sensitive and specialist approach to their sex and relationships education, which forms the basis of the SWAAY group work programme as well as being covered in Education as part of the PHSE Curriculum.

Given the above, SWAAY recognises the importance of clear Safeguarding and Child Protection Procedures within the organisation and the vital role of advice and referral from the Police, Children’s Social Care, the Local Safeguarding Children’s Board (LSCB) and the Local Authority Designated Officer (LADO).

By actively promoting the safeguarding and protection of children and young people from abuse SWAAY aims to reduce the risk of abuse and ensure that responses to suspicions or allegations are dealt with expediently and thus reducing the risk of ill-treatment and the prevention of impairment of their health and development.

Recognising the Different Types of Abuse:

It is generally accepted that there are four main forms of abuse: physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse & neglect. It is accepted that in all forms of abuse there are elements of emotional abuse, and that some children are subjected to more than one form of abuse at any one time. Abuse can be perpetrated by any individual, including by another child or young person. These four definitions do not minimise other forms of maltreatment.

There are a number of ways in which staff may become aware that a child is either being abused or is at risk of being abused:

·  Observation: Through direct observation of symptoms and signs of abuse and neglect, and also changes in behaviour.

·  Allegations: As a consequence of allegations or a report being made by a child or another person.

·  Disclosure: Either directly from a child or by someone who says they are harming a child.

The following table provides definitions for the four main types of abuse, and the signs and symptoms that indicate abuse may be taking place:

TYPE OF ABUSE / DEFINITION / SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
Physical Abuse / A form of abuse which may involve hitting, shaking, throwing, poisoning, burning or scalding, drowning, suffocating or otherwise causing physical harm to a child. Physical harm may also be caused when a parent or carer fabricates the symptoms of, or deliberately induces, illness in a child. / Most children will collect cuts and bruises in their daily lives. These are likely to be in places where there are bony parts of the body, like elbows, knees and shins. Some children, however, will have bruising which can almost only have been caused non-accidentally. An important indicator of physical abuse is where bruises or injuries are unexplained or the explanation does not fit the injury or there are differing explanations. A delay in seeking medical treatment for a child when it is obviously necessary is also a cause for concern. Bruising may be more or less noticeable on children with different skin tones or from different racial groups and specialist advice may need to be taken.
Patterns of bruising that are suggestive of physical child abuse include:
·  bruising in young people who are not independently mobile
·  bruises that are seen away from bony prominences
·  bruises to the face, back, stomach, arms, buttocks, ears and hands
·  multiple bruises in clusters
·  multiple bruises of uniform shape
·  bruises that carry the imprint of an implement used, hand marks or fingertips
Although bruising is the commonest injury in physical abuse, fatal non-accidental head injury and non-accidental fractures can occur without bruising. Any child who has unexplained signs of pain or illness should be seen promptly by a doctor.
Other physical signs of abuse may include:
·  Cigarette burns (Of all shapes).
·  Adult bite marks (Self abusing youngsters can be known to bite themselves).
·  broken bones
·  scalds
Changes in behaviour which can also indicate physical abuse:
·  fear of parents being approached for an explanation
·  aggressive behaviour or severe temper outbursts
·  flinching when approached or touched
·  reluctance to get changed, for example wearing long sleeves in hot weather
·  running away from home/ school
Emotional Abuse / The persistent emotional maltreatment of a child such as to cause severe and persistent adverse effects on the child’s emotional development. It may involve conveying to a child that they are worthless or unloved, inadequate, or valued only insofar as they meet the needs of another person. It may include not giving the child opportunities to express their views, deliberately silencing them or ‘making fun’ of what they say or how they communicate. It may feature age or developmentally inappropriate expectations being imposed on children. These may include interactions that are beyond a child’s developmental capability, as well as overprotection and limitation of exploration and learning, or preventing the child participating in normal social interaction. It may involve seeing or hearing the ill-treatment of another. It may involve serious bullying (including cyber bullying), causing children frequently to feel frightened or in danger, or the exploitation or corruption of children. Some level of emotional abuse is involved in all types of maltreatment of a child, though they may occur alone. / Emotional abuse can be difficult to measure, and often young people who appear well cared for may be emotionally abused by being taunted, put down or belittled. They may receive little or no love, affection or attention from their parents or carers. Young people who live in households where there is domestic violence can often suffer emotional abuse. Emotional abuse can also take the form of young people not being allowed to mix/play with other young people.
The physical signs of emotional abuse may include:
·  a failure to thrive or grow, particularly if the child puts on weight in other circumstances, e.g. in hospital or away from parents’ care
·  sudden speech disorders
·  Developmental delay, either in terms of physical or emotional progress.
Changes in behaviour which can also indicate emotional abuse include:
·  neurotic behaviour, e.g. sulking, hair twisting, rocking
·  being unable to play
·  fear of making mistakes
·  self-harm
·  Fear of parents being approached.
Sexual Abuse / Involves forcing or enticing a child or young person to take part in sexual activities, not necessarily involving a high level of violence, whether or not the child is aware of what is happening. The activities may involve physical contact, including assault by penetration (for example, rape or oral sex) or non-penetrative acts such as masturbation, kissing, rubbing and touching outside of clothing. They may also include non-contact activities, such as involving children in looking at, or in the production of, sexual images, watching sexual activities, encouraging children to behave in sexually inappropriate ways, or grooming a child in preparation for abuse (including via the internet). Sexual abuse is not solely perpetrated by adult males. Women can also commit acts of sexual abuse, as can other children.
/ Adults who use young people to meet their own sexual needs abuse both girls and boys of all ages, including infants and toddlers.
Usually, in cases of sexual abuse it is the child’s behaviour which may cause you to become concerned, although physical signs can also be present. In all cases, children who talk about sexual abuse do so because they want it to stop. It is important, therefore, that they are listened to and taken seriously.
The physical signs of sexual abuse may include:
·  pain or itching in the genital/anal areas
·  bruising or bleeding near genital/anal areas
·  sexually transmitted disease
·  vaginal discharge or infection
·  stomach pains
·  discomfort when walking or sitting down
·  Pregnancy.
Changes in behaviour which can also indicate sexual abuse include:
·  sudden or unexplained changes in behaviour, e.g. becoming aggressive or withdrawn
·  fear of being left with a specific person or group of people
·  having nightmares
·  running away from home
·  sexual knowledge which is beyond their age or developmental level
·  sexual drawings or language
·  bedwetting
·  eating problems such as overeating or anorexia
·  self-harm or mutilation, sometimes leading to suicide attempts
·  saying they have secrets they cannot tell anyone about
·  substance or drug abuse
·  suddenly having unexplained sources of money
·  not being allowed to have friends (particularly in adolescence)
·  acting in a sexually explicit way towards adults
Neglect / The persistent failure to meet a child’s basic physical and/or psychological needs, likely to result in the serious impairment of the child’s health or development. Neglect may occur during pregnancy as a result of maternal substance abuse. Once a child is born, neglect may involve a parent or carer failing to:
• provide adequate food, clothing and shelter (including exclusion from home or abandonment);
• protect a child from physical and emotional harm or danger;
• ensure adequate supervision (including the use of inadequate care-givers); or
• ensure access to appropriate medical care or treatment.
It may also include neglect of, or unresponsiveness to, a child’s basic emotional needs.
/ Neglect can be a difficult form of abuse to recognise, yet have some of the most lasting and damaging effects on young people.
The physical signs of neglect may include:
·  constant hunger, sometimes stealing food from other children
·  being constantly dirty or smelly
·  loss of weight, or being constantly underweight
·  Inappropriate dress for the conditions.
Changes in behaviour which can also indicate neglect may include:
·  complaining of being tired all the time
·  not requesting medical assistance and/or failing to attend appointments
·  having few friends
·  mentioning being left alone or unsupervised
Although the likelihood of our young people falling into the category of young people who might become sexually exploited or suffer female genital mutilation, it is important that staff remain aware of the issues and signs which could suggest these form of abuse..

Specific Safeguarding Issues: