9/04/2008
ROBERT P. LOWELL
CURRICULUM VITA
ROBERT P. LOWELL...... Research Professor
Department of Geosciences
VirginiaPolytechnic Institute & StateUniversity
4044 Derring Hall
Blacksburg, VA24061-0420
Work Phone: (540) 2316004
FAX: (540) 231-3386
E-Mail:
Personal Data:
Born: Chicago, Illinois; married, 5 children
Education:
B.S. Physics (Honors) 1965 LoyolaUniversity of Chicago
M.S. Physics 1967 OregonStateUniversity
Ph.D. Geophysics 1972 OregonStateUniversity
(Minor in Physics and Mathematics)
Thesis advisor: Dr. Gunnar Bodvarsson; Title: An approach to thermal convection problems in geophysics with application to the earth's mantle and groundwater systems.
Employment History:
Assistant Professor of Geophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology19711978
Associate Professor of Geophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology19781991
Consultant, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 19861989
Associate Program Director, Marine Geology and Geophysics,
Division of Ocean Sciences, National Science Foundation19871989
Guest Investigator, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution July1989, 1990
Professor of Geophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology19912005
Graduate Coordinator, School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences1995-1999
Professor Emeritus, Georgia Institute of Technology2005-
Research Professor, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & StateUniversity2006-
Current Fields of Interest:
Modeling heat, mass, and chemical transport in the earth's crust. This work can be divided into two major themes: (1) High-temperature magma-hydrothermal processes and (2) Low- temperature marine hydrogeology.
Within the high-temperature theme my work includes: (1) the study of coupled magma-hydrothermal processes, (2) two-phase flow, (3) fracture-related mechanical and chemical processes controlling the evolution of crustal permeability in hydrothermal systems, (4) hydrovolcanic eruption processes, (5) seafloor event plumes, (6) water-rock chemical reaction and transport in oceanic crust, (7) formation of sulfide ore deposits.
Within the low-temperature theme my work involves collaborative efforts on: (1) the formation and evolution of gas hydrates in seafloor sediments, (2) carbonate precipitation and dissolution processes in coastal mixing zones, (3) serpentinization-driven hydrothermal flow, (4) laboratory experiments on transport in cracked geomaterial analogues, (5) the effects on subsurface microbial growth on porosity and permeability in seafloor hydrothermal flows, and (6) hydrology and elemental cycling in coastal salt marshes.
In addition to these over-arching themes I am currently investigating Archean hydrothermal processes and potential hydrothermal processes on Europa and Mars.
Teaching Experience: I have taught a wide variety of courses at both the undergraduate and graduate level. At the undergraduate level these have included: Introduction to Earth Systems, Physical Geology, Physics of the Earth, Introduction to Fluids in Earth’s Crust, Oceanography and Elementary Geophysics. At the graduate level these have included, Physics of the Earth, Advanced Fluids in Earth’s Crust, Geodynamics, Thermal Geophysics, Earth System Science, Physical Properties and Rheology of Rocks (joint with Civil and Environmental Engineering), and Fracture and Fluid Flow (joint with Civil and Environmental Engineering)
Field Experience:Oceanography: Several short oceanographic cruises (hydrography, marine geology and geophysics), 1968-1971; RV Yaquina, YALOC 70-July-August, 1970 (6 week marine geophysics cruise-Gulf of Alaska); RV Atlantis, 15-13, November-December, 2006 (Alvin cruise to EPR 9-10N hydrothermal systems; Geology Field Studies: Iceland, August, 1974; Grand Canyon, USA, 1985; Columbia River Basalts-Eastern Washington and Oregon, August, 1985; Inter-RIDGE Cyprus Ophiolite Field School, July, 2000; plus several short (1-2 day) field trips in Georgia, Oregon, California, Yellowstone Park, Wy., northern Italy.
Research Grants and Contracts: (as PI or Co-PI in last five years: ~ $1.7 M); total grant support of ~ $3.0 M on 19 NSF grants and other grants.
Collaborative Research: Submarine Fluid Recharge - The Role of Anhydrite and Reactive Transport Modeling of the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge, NSF, 3/15/06-3/14/09, $20,449 (GaTech part). Collaborative project with Grant Garven, Johns Hopkins and Meg Tivey, WoodsHoleOceanographic Institution.
Modeling Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems: Integrated Magma-Hydrothermal Processes and Temporal Variability, NSF, 9/1/05-8/31/09, $646,996(incl. supplements of $23,904 and $18,972). Collaborative Project with L. N. Germanovich, CEE.
Numerical models of two-phase flow in seafloor hydrothermal systems, NSF: 9/1/04-8/31/07, $238,961.
Modeling dissociation of gas hydrates in marine sediments and processes related to
methane transport in faults and fractures, NSF: 6/1/2003-5/31/2007, $228,124 plus $5K GaTech cost sharing. Co-PI on collaborative project with Wenyue Xu (PI) and Leonid Germanovich, CEE (Co-PI).
Continued Mathematical Modeling of Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems: Fracture Mechanics, Heat Transfer, and the Evolution of Permeability, NSF: (ABR) 9/1/2002-8/31/2006, $486,805 plus $10K GaTech cost sharing and $5K REU supplement. Collaborative project with L. N. Germanovich, CEE.
Visualization of transport phenomena and fracture evolution in fracture networks in hydrothermal systems, NSF 3/15/01-2/28/03, $52,177.
Binational Science Foundation (U.S. and Israel): Precipitation/dissolution-induced permeability evolution in heterogeneous and fractured formations, Co-PI Brian Berkowitz, $50,445 (U.S. part only), 9/1/00-8/31/03
Publications:
Books:
Rona, P.A., and R.P. Lowell, eds. (1980). Seafloor Spreading Centers: Hydrothermal Systems. Benchmark Papers in Geology, 56, Dowden Hutchinson and Ross, Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, 424 p.
Lowell, R.P., J.S. Seewald, A. Metaxas, and M.R. Perfit,editors, (2008), Magma to Microbe:Modeling Hydrothermal Processes at Oceanic Spreading Centers, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., v. 178, 300pp., American Geophys. Union, Washington, DC.
Lowell, R.P., Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems, CambridgeUniversity Press (in preparation).
Referreed Journal Articles:
a) Already published:
Lowell, R.P. S.R. Gosnell and Y. Yang (2007), Numerical simulations of single-pass hydrothermal convection at mid-ocean ridges: Effects of the extrusive layer and temperature dependent permeability, Geochem. Geophys. Geosystems, 8, Q10011, doi:10.1029/2007GC001653.
Wu, R. P. E. Van Dyke, L.N. Germanovich, R.P. Lowell (2007), Thermal technique for controlling hydraulic fractures, J. Geophys. Res., 112, B05209, doi:10.1029/2005JB003815.
Ramondenc, P., L.N. Germanovich, K.L. Von Damm, and R.P. Lowell (2006), The first measurements of hydrothermal heat output at 950 N, East Pacific Rise, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 245, 487-497, doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.03.023.
Lowell, R.P. and M. DuBose (2005), Hydrothermal activity on Europa, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L05202, doi:10.1029/2005GL022375.
Lowell, R.P. and P.A. Rona (2004), Tectonics/Hydrothermal Activity, in Encyclopedia of Geology, ed. by R.C. Selley, L.R. M. Cocks, and I.R. Plimer, Elsevier, Oxford, UK, 362-372.
Lowell, R.P. and L.N. Germanovich (2004), Seafloor hydrothermal processes: Results from scale analysis and single-pass models, in Mid-Ocean Ridges: Hydrothermal Interactions Between the Lithosphere and Oceans, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 148, ed. by C.R. German, J. Lin, and L.M. Parson, pp. 219-244, AGU, Washington, D. C.
Lewis, K.C. and R.P. Lowell (2004), Mathematical modeling of phase separation of seawater near an igneous dike, Geofluids, 4,197-209.
Singurindy, O., B. Berkowitz, and R.P. Lowell (2004), Carbonate dissolution and precipitation in coastal environments: Laboratory analysis and theoretical consideration, Water Resour. Res., 40, W04401, doi:10.1029/2003WR002651.
Baker, E. T., R.P. Lowell, J.A. Resing, R.A. Feely, R.W. Embley, G.J. Massoth, and S.L. Walker (2004), Decay of hydrothermal output following the 1998 seafloor eruption at Axial Volcano: Observations and models, J. Geophys. Res., 109, B01205 doi: 10.1029/2003JB002618.
Lowell, R.P., Y. Yao, and L.N. Germanovich (2003), Anhydrite precipitation and the relationship between focused and diffuse flow in seafloor hydrothermal systems, J. Geophys. Res., 108 (B9), 2424, doi: 10.1029/2002JB002371.
Lowell. R.P. and S.M. Keller (2003), High-temperature seafloor hydrothermal circulation over geologic time and Archean banded iron formations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(7), 1391, doi:10.1029/2002GL016536.
Berkowitz, B., O. Singurindy, and R.P. Lowell (2003), Mixing-driven diagenesis and mineral deposition: CaCO3 precipitation in fresh water-salt water mixing zones Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(5), 1253, doi:10.1029/2002GL016208.
Bai, W., W. Xu, and R.P. Lowell (2003), The dynamics of submarine geothermal heat pipes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(3), 1108, doi:10.1029/2002GL016176.
Lowell, R.P. and Y. Yao (2002), Anhydrite precipitation and the extent of hydrothermal recharge zones at ocean ridge crests, J. Geophys. Res., 107(B9), 2183, doi:10.1029/2001JB001289.
Lowell, R.P., and P.A. Rona (2002), Seafloor hydrothermal systems driven by the serpentinization of peridotite, Geophys. Res. Lett. 29(11), doi:10.1029/2001GL014411.
Xu, W., R.P. Lowell, and E.R. Peltzer (2001), Effect of seafloor temperature and pressure variations on methane flux from a gas hydrate layer: Comparison between current and late Paleocene climate conditions, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 26,413-26,423.
Lowell, R.P. and Y. Yao (2002), Anhydrite precipitation and the extent of hydrothermal recharge zones at ocean ridge crests, J. Geophys. Res., 107(B9), 2183, doi:10.1029/2001JB001289.
Germanovich, L.N., R.P.Lowell and D.K. Astakhov (2001), Bifurcations in seafloor hydrothermal flow, J. Geophys. Res.,106, 473-496.
Germanovich, L.N., R.P. Lowell, and D.K. Astakhov (2000), Stress dependent permeability and the formation of seafloor event plumes, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 8341-8354.
Lowell, R.P. and W. Xu (2000), Sub-critical two-phase seawater convection near a dike, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 174, 385-396.
Martin, J. and R.P. Lowell (2000), Precipitation of quartz during high-temperature fracture-controlled hydrothermal upflow at ocean ridges: equilibrium vs. linear kinetics, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 869-882.
Giambalvo, E.R., A.T. Fisher, J.T. Martin, L. Darty, and R.P. Lowell (2000), Origin of elevated sediment permeability in a hydrothermal seepage zone, eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, and the implications for transport of fluid and heat. J. Geophys. Res.,105, 897-912.
Lowell, R.P. and Yufeng Yao (1999), Conductive heat flow anomalies associated with hydrothermal sulfide mounds, Explor. Mining Geol., 8, 251-256.
Xu, W., and R.P. Lowell (1998a), Oscillatory instability of one-dimensional two-phase hydrothermal flow in heterogeneous porous media, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 20,859-20,868.
Xu, W., and R.P. Lowel (1998b), An alternative model of the Lassen hydrothermal system, Lassen volcanic national park, California, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 20,869-20,882.
Lowell, R.P. and L.N. Germanovich (1997), Evolution of a brine-saturated layer at the base of a ridge crest hydrothermal system, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 10245-10255.
Martin, J.T. and R.P. Lowell (1997), On thermoelasticity and silica precipitation in hydrothermal systems: Numerical modeling of laboratory experiments, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 12,095-12,107.
Germanovich, L.N. and R.P. Lowell (1995), The mechanism of phreatic eruptions, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 8417-8434.
Lowell, R.P. and L.N. Germanovich (1995), Dike injection and the formation of megaplumes at ocean ridges, Science, 267, 1804-1807.
Lowell, R.P., P.A. Rona, and R.P. Von Herzen (1995), Seafloor hydrothermal systems, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 327-352. (AGU 75th anniversary, invited review paper).
Lowell, R.P., and L.N. Germanovich (1994), On the temporal evolution of high-temperature hydrothermal systems at ocean ridge crests, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 565-575.
Lowell, R.P., P. Van Cappellen, and L.N. Germanovich (1993), Silica precipitation in fractures and the evolution of permeability in hydrothermal upflow zones, Science, 260, 192-194.
Germanovich, L.N., and R.P. Lowell (1992), Percolation theory, thermoelasticity and discrete hydrothermal venting in the earth's crust, Science, 255, 1564-1567.
Lowell, R.P. (1992), Hydrothermal systems, in Encyclopedia of Earth System Science, ed. by W.A. Nierenberg, Academic Press, San Diego, v. 2, p. 547-558.
Lowell, R.P. (1991), Mathematical modeling of magma-hydrothermal heat transfer and high-temperature venting on the sea floor, Trends in Heat and Mass Transfer, 1, 101-111.
Lowell, R.P., and D.K. Burnell (1991), Mathematical modeling of conductive heat transfer from a freezing, convecting magma chamber to a singlepass hydrothermal system: Implications for seafloor black smokers, Earth and Planet. Sci., 104, 5969.
Lowell, R.P.(1991), Modeling continental and submarine hydrothermal systems, Rev.Geophysics, 29, 457476.
Lowell, R.P., and T.E.C. Keith (1991), Chemical and thermal constraints on models of thermal springs, Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, Alaska, Geophys. Res. Letters, 18, 15531556.
Lowell, R.P., and R.A. Stephen (1991), Heat flow and lateral seismic heterogeneity near Deep Sea Drilling ProjectOcean Drilling Program Site 504, Geology, 19, 11411144.
Lowell, R.P. (1990), Thermoelasticity and the formation of black smokers. Geophys. Res. Letters, 17, 709712.
Lowell, R.P. (1989), Contaminant transport in an isolated fracture: some analytical solutions. Water Resour. Research, 25, 774780.
Lowell, R.P., and G.W. Bergantz (1987), Melt stability and compaction in a partially molten silicate layer heated from below. Structure and Dynamics of Partially Solidified Systems; ed. by David E. Loper, NATO ASI Series E125; Martinus Nijhoff Publishers; Dordecht, The Netherlands, p. 383400.
Bergantz, G.W., and R.P. Lowell (1987), The role of conjugate convection in magmatic heat transfer. Structure and Dynamics of Partially Solidified Systems; ed. by David E. Loper, NATO ASI Series E125, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers; Dordecht, The Netherlands, p. 367382.
Mareschal, J.C., J.P. Cunningham, and R.P. Lowell (1985), Downward continuation of heat flow data: Method and examples from the western United States. Geophysics, 50, 846851.
Lowell, R.P. (1985), Doublediffusive convection in partially molten silicate systems: Its role during magma generation and in magma chambers. J. Volcanol. and Geotherm. Res., 26, 124.
Lowell, R.P., and P.A. Rona (1985), Hydrothermal models for the generation of massive sulfide ore deposits. J. Geophys. Res., 90, 87698783.
Patterson, P.L., and R.P. Lowell (1982), Numerical modeling of hydrothermal circulation at an ocean ridge axis. The Dynamic Environment of the Ocean Floor; ed. by K. Fanning and F.T. Manheim, D.C. Heath, Lexington, Massachusetts, 471492.
Long, L.T., and R.P. Lowell (1982), A thermal model for the elevation of continental fragments. Dynamics of Passive Margins, 6, ed. by R.A. Scrutton, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 159165.
Lowell, R.P., and H. Hernandez (1982), Finite amplitude convection in a porous container with faultlike geometry: Effect of initial and boundary conditions. Int. Journal Heat and Mass Trans., 25, 631641.
Lowell, R.P. (1982), Thermal convection in magmas generated by hotplate heating. Nature, 300, 253254.
Lowell, R.P. (1980), Topographically driven subcritical hydrothermal convection in the oceanic crust. Earth Planet. Sci. Letters, 49, 2128.
Lowell, R.P., and C.T. Shyu (1978), The onset of convection in a box of watersaturated permeable material: Effect of conducting vertical boundaries. Letters in Heat and Mass Trans., 5, 371378.
Lowell, R.P., and L.T. Long (1977), Thermal model for the Florida crust. The Geothermal Nature of the Floridian Plateau; ed. by D.L. Smith and G.M. Griffin, State of Florida Department of Natural Resources, Spec. Publ. No. 21, Tallahassee, Florida, 149161.
Lowell, R.P. (1976), Comments on "Theory of heat extraction from fractured hot dry rock", by A. C. Gringarten, P. A. Witherspoon, and Y. Onishi. J. Geophys. Res., 81, 359.
Lowell, R.P., and P.A. Rona (1976), On the interpretation of nearbottom water temperature anomalies. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 32, 1824.
Lowell, R.P., and G. Bodvarsson (1976), Finite difference models for temperature transients in flowing boreholes. Proceedings of 2nd United Nations Symposium on the Development and Use of Geothermal Resources; San Francisco, May 2029, 1975, v. 3, 17331735.
Lowell, R.P. (1975), Circulation in fractures, hot springs, and convective heat transport on midocean ridge crests. Geophys. J. Roy. Astr. Soc., 40, 351365, 1975.
Bodvarsson, G., R.S. Lu, and R.P. Lowell (1974), Temperature transients in flowing boreholes. Geothermics, 3, 2124.
Lowell, R.P., and G. Bodvarsson (1973), A one dimensional convection model: Application to an internally heated twophase mantle. Jokull, 23, 1936.
Long, L.T., and R.P. Lowell (1973), Thermal model for some continental margin sedimentary basins and uplift zones. Geology, 1, 8788.
Bodvarsson, G., and R.P. Lowell (1972), Oceanfloor heat flow and the circulation of interstitial waters.. J. Geophys. Res., 77, 44724475.
Couch, R.W., and R.P. Lowell (1971), Earthquakes and seismic energy release in Oregon. The Ore Bin, 33, 6184.
b) In press
Lowell, R.P., B.W. Crowell, K.C. Lewis, and L. Liu (2008), Modeling multiphase, multi-component processes at oceanic spreading centers, in Magma to Microbe:Modeling Hydrothermal Processes at Oceanic Spreading Centers, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., v. 178, ed. by R.P. Lowell, J.S. Seewald, A. Metaxas, and M.R. Perfit, p. xxx, American Geophys. Union,Washington, DC (in press).
Ramondenc, P., L.N. Germanovich, and R.P. Lowell (2008), Modeling the hydrothermal response to earthquakes with application to the1995 event at 9°50 N, East Pacific Rise, in Magma to Microbe:Modeling Hydrothermal Processes at Oceanic Spreading Centers, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., v. 178, ed. by R.P. Lowell, J.S. Seewald, A. Metaxas, and M.R. Perfit, p. xxx, American Geophys. Union,Washington, DC (in press).
Lowell, R.P., J. Seewald, M.R. Perfit, and A. Metaxas (2008), Modeling hydrothermal processes at ocean spreading centers: Magma to microbe— An overview, in Magma to Microbe: Modeling Hydrothermal Processes at Oceanic Spreading Centers, ed. by R.P. Lowell, J. Seewald, A. Metaxas, and M.R. Perfit, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., v. 178, p. xxx, American Geophys. Union, Washington, DC (in press).
Crowell, B.W., R.P. Lowell, and K.L. Von Damm (2008), A model for the production of sulfur floc and “snowblower” events at mid-ocean ridges, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst, (in press)
c) Submitted and in preparation
Germanovich, L.N., R.P. Lowell, P. Ramondenc, and Y. Sim (2008), Seismic and hydrothermal evidence for a diking event on the East Pacific Rise crest at 9°50 N, J. Geophys. Res. (submitted)
Liu, L. and R.P. Lowell, Hydrothermal heat output from a convecting, crystallizing, replenished magma chamber beneath an oceanic spreading center, J. Geophys. Res. (accepted pending minor revision July 2008)
Lewis, K.C. and R.P. Lowell (2008), Numerical modeling of two-phase flow in the NaCl-H2O system I: Introduction of a numerical method and benchmarking, J. Geophys. Res. (submitted, August 2008)
Lewis, K.C. and R.P. Lowell (2008), Numerical modeling of two-phase glow in the NaCl-H2O system II: Applications, J. Geophys. Res. (submitted, August 2008)
Lowell, R.P. (2008), Modeling hydrothermal systems at slow-spreading ridges: Heat sources and heat transfer processes, in Diversity of Hydrothermal Systems on Slow Spreading Ridges ed. by P.A. Rona, C.Devey, J. Dyment, and B. Murton, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., v. xxx, p. xxx, Amer. Geophys. Union, Washington, DC (submitted, June, 2008).
Craft, K. and R.P. Lowell (2008), Boundary layer models of hydrothermal circulation: Application to Mars and Earth, (in preparation).
NonRefereed Publications:
Lowell, R.P. (1990). Contaminant transport in a single fracture with a periodic inlet condition. Symposium Proceedings of International Conference on Fluid Flow in Fractured Rocks. Ed. by R. Arora, p. 585592.
Lowell, R.P. (1987). Some analytical models for contaminant transport in fractured rock. Georgia Geologic Survey, Open File Report; 883, 26p.
Lowell, R.P. (1979). The onset of convection in a fault zone: Effect of anisotropic permeability. Transactions, Geothermal Resources Council 3, 377380.
Lowell, R.P., C.H. Chen, and J.K. Fulford. (1978). On transient temperature inversions in geothermal boreholes. Transactions, Geothermal Resources Council, 2, 407409.
Lowell, R.P. (1972). An approach to thermal convection problems in geophysics with application to the earth's mantle and groundwater systems. Ph.D. Thesis,OregonStateUniversity, Corvallis, 116 p.
Meetings and Symposia (last 6 years): (A * indicates invited papers); total of ~ 100 presentations at scientific meetings
*Lowell, R.P. and L.N. Germanovich, Modeling seafloor hydrothermal systems, invited keynote presentation, 1st InterRidge Theoretical Workshop, Pavia, Italy, September 2002.
Xu, W., R.P. Lowell and L.N. Germanovich, Dynamic phase equilibrium during formation and dissociation of marine gas hydrates, AGU, Eos, 83, (Fall Meeting Suppl.), F569, 2002.
Burnell, D.K., L.S. Sims, R.P. Lowell, and J.W. Mercer, Multi-species model calibration and predictive analysis of TCE, 1,2 cis DCE, and VC cleanup over a 20-year period by pump-and-treat and natural biodegrdation, MODFLOW and More 2003: Understanding through Modeling, International Groundwater Modeling Conference, Golden, CO Sept. 17-19, 2003.
Berkowitz, B., O. Singurindy, and R.P. Lowell, Carbonate dissolution and precipitation in coastal environments, Eos Trans. AGU, 84(46), (Fall Meeting Suppl.), Abstract B32A-0369, 2003.
Lewis, K. and R.P. Lowell, Disequilibrium two-phase flow? The case at A vent EPR 9˚N, April, 1991 and at Endeavour, JDF, June, 1999,Eos Trans. AGU, 84(46), (Fall Meeting Suppl.), Abstract, B12A-0768, 2003.
Germanovich, L.N., Y. Sim, and R.P. Lowell, On the possible relationships between diking, magma lenses and the location of hydrothermal sites at mid-ocean ridges, Eos Trans. AGU, 84(46), (Fall Meeting Suppl.), Abstract, B12A-0767, 2003.
Bai W., W. Xu, and R.P. Lowell, NaCl-H2O phase diagrams and equations of state for modeling geo-hydrothermal systems, Eos Trans. AGU, 84(46), (Fall Meeting Suppl.), Abstract, B12A-0766, 2003.
Lowell, R.P. and M. DuBose, Hydrothermal systems on Europa, Eos Trans. AGU, 84(46), (Fall Meeting Suppl.), Abstract, P12A-1055, 2003.
Ramondenc, P., L.N. Germanovich, K. Von Damm, and R.P. Lowell, Preliminary hydrothermal heat flow measurements at 9-10˚N East Pacific Rise, Eos Trans. AGU, 85(47), (Fall Meeting Suppl.), Abstract, B13A-0175, 2004.
Sim, Y., L.N. Germanovich, R.P. Lowell, and P. Ramondenc, Diking magma lenses, and the location of hydrothermal sites at mid-ocean ridges,Eos Trans. AGU, 85(47), (Fall Meeting Suppl.), Abstract, B13A-0206, 2004.
Lowell, R.P., A model for hydrothermal convection in the near-axis region, Eos Trans. AGU, 85(47), (Fall Meeting Suppl.), Abstract, B13A-0207, 2004.
Gosnell, S. and R.P. Lowell, Numerical models of layered convection in a heterogeneous medium and the relationship between focused and diffuse flow in ridge crest hydrothermal systems, Eos Trans. AGU, 85(47), (Fall Meeting Suppl.), Abstract, B13A-0208, 2004.