Review Questions Students /Achar : Exam 2 Chapter 5-9 only

Chapter 10 will be included in Exam 3.

  1. The simplest virus, also known as a naked virus, consists of:
  2. Nucleic acid
  3. Protein coat capsid
  4. Both a nucleic acid & Protein coat capsid
  5. None of the above
  6. Which of the following are known types of infectious agents:
  7. Viruses
  8. ViroidsVirusoids
  9. Prions
  10. All of the above
  11. Only 2 of these
  12. The general pattern of viral multiplication consists of how many stages?
  13. 5
  14. 3
  15. 1
  16. 4
  17. The following phase (s) are characteristic of a Temperate Phage:
  18. Lytic Cycle
  19. LysogenicCylce
  20. Both A & B
  21. None of the above
  22. Viruses have been known to employ which types of nucleic acids?
  23. (ss) DNA
  24. (ds) DNA
  25. ssRNA
  26. dsRNA
  27. all of the above
  28. These infectious agents consist only of RNA
  29. ViroidsVirusoids
  30. Viruses
  31. Prions
  32. These infectious agents are known to cause a number of neurodegenerative diseases in humans and animals such as scrapie in sheep
  33. Viruses
  34. Viroids
  35. Virusoids
  36. Prions
  37. Lysogeny is the relationship between a host and a
  38. Prophage
  39. Virulent phage
  40. Temperate phage
  41. Viruses can enter a host cell by way of
  42. Endocytosis
  43. Fusing with the plasma membrane of host cell
  44. Both A & B
  45. None of the above
  46. A member of a group of viruses with RNA genomes that carry the enzyme reverse transcriptase and form a DNA copy of their genome during their reproductive cycle is called
  47. Provirus
  48. Retrovirus
  49. Naked virus
  50. Enveloped virus
  1. Pure culturesare usually obtained by isolating individual cells using what plating technique?
  1. Streak-plate
  2. Spread-plate
  3. Pour-plate
  4. All of the above
  1. Which technique(s) uses an inoculating loop to spread cells across an agar surface?
  1. Streak-plate
  2. Spread-plate
  3. Pour-plate
  4. All of the above
  1. Due to larger amounts of required resources, colonies usually grow most rapidly ......
  1. in the center of an agar
  2. at the edge of an agar
  3. all over the agar
  4. None of the above
  1. All organisms need which of the following nutrients to survive.
    A. Carbon
    B. Sulfur
    C. Antimony
    D. Electron source
    E. Both A and D are correct
  2. Which statement is true about a photolithoautotroph?
    A. They get carbon from organic materials and energy from light
    B. They get carbon from organic materials and energy from inorganic chemicals
    C. They get carbon from CO2 and energy from light
    D. They get carbon from CO2 and energy from inorganic chemicals
  1. Microorganisms can get nitrogen from which of the following?
  2. organic molecules
  3. Nitrogen in ammonia
  4. nitrate via nitrate reduction to ammonia (phototrophs and Chemotrophs)
  5. nitrogen gas via nitrogen fixation
  6. All of the above
  1. Cells are recovering from transfer, may be synthesizing new components, adapting to new environment, etc.
  2. Stationary phase
  3. Death phase
  4. Log phase
  5. Lag phase
  6. Cells start growing and divide at the maximum rate that is genetically possible.
  7. Stationary phase
  8. Death phase
  9. Log phase
  10. Lag phase
  11. Cells are either dividing and dying at the same rate or the cells have stopped dividing, but remain metabolically active.
  12. Stationary phase
  13. Death phase
  14. Log phase
  15. Lag phase
  16. Cells are dying more than they are dividing.
  17. Stationary phase
  18. Death phase
  19. Log phase
  20. Lag phase
  1. During which phase do they microorganisms grow and divide at the maximum rate possible? A=log phase
  1. (T/F) A thermophile has optimum growth between 80 and 113 degrees Celsius. A=F
  1. Staphylococcus aureus and Saccharomycesrouxii are representative organisms of what type of microorganisms? A=osmotolerant
  1. (T/F) Generation times vary markedly with the species of microorgansims and environmentla conditions. A=T
  2. Which of the following is the best definition of generation time?
  3. The length of time it takes for lag phase.
  4. The length of time it takes for a population of cells to double.
  5. The maximum rate of doubling divided by the initial count.
  6. The duration of log phase.
  7. The time it takes for nuclear division.
  8. An experiment began with 4 cells and ended with 128 cells. How many generations did the cells go through?
  9. 64
  10. 32
  11. 6
  12. 5
  13. 4
  14. A culture of bacteria produces 5 generations in 2 hours. What is the generation time for this bacterium under those conditions?
  15. 15 minutes
  16. 24 minutes
  17. 30 minutes
  18. 0.75 hours
  19. l hour
  20. What is the site where chromosomes replicate called?
  21. Cytokinesis
  22. Origin of reproduction
  23. Origin of replication
  24. Metaphase
  25. As turbidity increases, ______light is scattered and the absorbance reading ______.
  26. more; increases
  27. more; decreases
  28. less; increases
  29. less; decreases
  30. On a temperature dependence curve, is the temperature optimum closer to the maximum or minimum growth temperature?
  31. Minimum
  32. Maximum
  33. Both
  34. Neither
  35. True or False: DNA replication and partition and cytokinesis are two pathways that function during the procaryotic cell cycle. (True)
  1. What plays a role in determination of cell shape and movement of chromosomes to opposite cell poles.
  2. MinCD
  3. Protein FtsZ
  4. Protein MreB
  5. All of the above
  6. During log phase, cells exhibit what kind of growth?
  7. Optimum
  8. Balanced
  9. Unbalanced
  10. Regulated
  1. Typically, a batch culture pasess through four distinct statges:
  2. Lag Stage, Logarithmic growth, stationary, death
  3. Log growth, Lag stage, stationary, death
  4. Stationary, log growth, lag stage, death
  5. Death, Lag stage, log growth, stationary
  1. Which of the following correlate with Exponential Phase?
  2. Also called log phase
  3. Rate of growth is constant and also called as balanced growth
  4. Population is most uniform in terms of chemical and physical properties during this phase
  5. Exponential growth- all cellular components are synthsized at constant rate
  6. All of the above.
  1. Alcohols are bactericidal, fungicidal, and sporicidal. True or False
  2. Answer: False
  3. The longer a population is exposed to a microbial agent, the more organisms are killed. True or False
  4. Answer: True
  5. What Sterilization is more effective?
  6. Moist Heat Sterilization
  7. Dry Heat Sterilization
  8. Mixed Heat Sterilization
  9. The Halogen- "Iodine" can cause problems such as allergies? T/F
  10. True
  11. False
  12. Surgical masks used in hospitals and labs are an example of what physical method?
  13. Heat
  14. Radiation
  15. Filtration
  16. Bactericides, fungicides, algaecides, and viricides are included in ______antimicrobial agents?
  17. static
  18. cidal
  19. boil
  20. Bacteriostatic and fungistatic are "cidal" agents? T/F
  21. True
  22. False
  23. A condition that influences effectiveness of antimicrobial agent activity:
  24. population size
  25. population composition
  26. population color
  27. both a and b
  28. True or False? The effectiveness of various control methods depend on many factors such as the types of microorganisms, the number of microbes, environment conditions, and time of exposure. Answer: True

Matching Section:

Sterilization b. disinfection c. sanitization d. antisepsis e. none of the above

  1. Destruction or removal of all viable organisms from an object or habitat . Answer: a)sterilization
  2. Killing, Inhibition, of or removal of pathogenic organisms that may cause disease . Answer: b) Disinfection
  3. Reduction of microbial population to levels deemed safe . Answer: c) Sanitization
  4. Prevention of infection or sepsis of living tissue by microorganisms using antiseptics. Answer: d) antisepsis
  5. True or false: Decimal Reduction time is the time required to kill 80% of the microorganisms or spores in a sample under specified conditions. Answer: False
  6. What is thermal death time?

a)Shortest time needed to kill all microorganisms in a suspension at a specific temperature and under defined conditions

b)time required to kill 90% microorganisms or spores in a sample at a specific temperature

c)controlled heating at temperatures well below boiling

d)none of the above

  1. The environmental protection agency regulates disinfectants. True or False?

Answer: True

  1. The food and drug administration regulates agents used against humans and animals. True or False? Answer: True
  2. Which is not a halogen?

A Fluorine

B Asatine

C Bromine

D Chlorine

E Benzene

  1. An aldehyde is a highly reactive molecule that combines with nucleic acids and proteins and inactivates them

True or False

  1. Heavy metals CANNOT be used as germicides

True or False

  1. Alcohols are used as disinfectiants and antiseptics; they are bacterialcidal, fungicidal, anfdsporicidal

True or False

  1. Disinfection is the substantial reduction of the total microbial population and the destruction of potential pathogens.

a. True b. False

  1. Pasteurization is a filtration method used to reduce the numberof microbes without destroying them.

a. Trueb. False

  1. What is Sterilization?
  2. Destruction or removal of all viable organisms from an object or habitat.
  3. Killing, inhibition, or removal of pathogenic organisms that may cause disease:substantial reduction of total population.
  4. reduction of microbial population to levels deemed safe (based on public health standards)
  5. Prevention of infection or sepsis. of living tissue by microorganisms using antiseptics.