Review for Week 18 Science DCA

Light

Light travels in a straight line until it strikes an object or travels through one medium to another, Light can be reflected, such as the use of mirrors or other shiny surfaces, and refracted, such as the appearance of an object when observed through water.

Vocabulary

Reflection, Refraction, Lens, Mirror, Laser, Illuminate, Light Spectrum, Magnify, Kaleidoscope, Telescope

Key Concepts

  • Key Concept 1: Light travels in straight lines until reflected or refracted by another object.
  • Key Concept 2: Light is reflected when it bounces off of mirrors or shiny surfaces. The image we see in a reflection is a flipped image from the original.
  • Key Concept 3: Light is refracted, or bends, when passing from one medium to another, such as from air into water. A refracted image is a distorted or changed image from the original.

How does light energy travel?

How can the path of light be changed?

What do you observe when the path of light changes?

Force and Motion

Be able to design an experiment that tests the effect of force on an object.

Vocabulary

Force, Movement, Shape, Position, Direction, Gravity, Friction, Inertia, Kinetic Energy, Potential Energy

Key Concepts
  • Key Concept 1: Experiments can be designed to test the effects of forces such as gravity, friction, and magnetism on objects.
  • Key Concept 2: Forces can change the movement, shape, or position of objects.
  • Key Concept 3: The effects of force can change depending on the amount and type of force applied to the object.

What is a force? What are some examples of forces?

How can forces change an object’s movement, shape, or position?

How could you create an investigation to test the effect of a force on matter?

Alternative Energy

Identify alternative energy resources such as wind, solar, hydroelectric, geothermal, and biofuels.

Vocabulary

Alternative Energy Resource, Wind Energy, Solar Energy, Bio Fuel, Fossil Fuel, Pollution, Renewable Resource, Nonrenewable Resource

Key Concepts
  • Key Concept 1: Alternative energy resources rely on natural processes and can be used to produce renewable energy.
  • Key Concept 2: Alternative energy resources include wind, solar, hydroelectric, geothermal, and biofuels.
  • Key Concept 3: Using alternative energy resources can sometimes produce less waste than producing energy from fossil fuels and can also help conserve the Earth’s resources.

What are some examples of alternative energy resources? How are they used?

Why are certain energy resources called “alternative” resources?

What are some of the advantage of these resources? Are there any disadvantages?

Weather and Climate

Differentiate between weather and climate.

Vocabulary

Weather, Climate, Precipitation, Temperature, Trend, Generalization, Data, Humidity, Typical

Key Concepts
  • Key Concept 1: Weather refers to the daily environmental conditions we experience around us. It is also used to describe the condition of the atmosphere in a place at a certain time.
  • Key Concept 2: Climate refers to the average conditions in a place over a longer period of time.
  • Key Concept 3: Weather can be observed each day, whereas climate must be observed over time.

What is weather? What are some characteristics of weather?

What is climate? What are some characteristics of climate?

What is the difference between weather and climate?

Water Cycle

Explain how the Sun and ocean interact in the water cycle.

Vocabulary

Ocean, Beach Erosion, Waves, Freshwater, Saltwater, Water Cycle, Evaporation, Condensation, Precipitation

Key Concepts
  • Key Concept 1: The sun provides the energy that evaporates water on Earth.
  • Key Concept 2: While evaporation can be used to separate solutions, water that evaporates from the ocean does not contain salt.
  • Key Concept 3: Much of the water cycle begins when the sun's energy evaporates water from oceans, which collectively cover approximately 75% of the Earth's surface.

What are the different components of the water cycle?

How does the Sun move water in the water cycle from the oceans?

How does the Sun affect weather patterns that move water and form precipitation?

Changes to Land

Recognize how landforms such as deltas, canyons, and sand dunes are the result of changes to Earth's surface by wind, water, and ice.

Vocabulary

Landform, Delta, Canyon, Sand Dune, Weathering, Volcano, Earthquake, Deposition, Erosion

Key Concepts
  • Key Concept 1: Wind, water, and ice can change Earth’s surface.
  • Key Concept 2: Sand dunes form when wind-blown sand builds up. Deltas form when water-born sediments are deposited at the mouths of rivers.
  • Key Concept 3: Canyons form when moving water cuts through the Earth’s surface.

What are some different forces that can change the Earth’s surface?

How can you describe and identify landforms like deltas, canyons, and sand dunes?

How is wind, water, or ice involved in the formation of these landforms?

Formation of Fossil fuels

Identify the processes that led to the formation of sedimentary rocks and fossil fuels.

Scope Vocabulary

Oil, Natural Gas, Pressure, Sedimentary Rock, Fossil Fuel, Organic Matter

Key Concepts
  • Key Concept 1: Sedimentary rock is formed over millions of years from the deposition of sediment in layers. Sediment layers on top apply pressure to those on bottom, compacting them into sedimentary rocks.
  • Key Concept 2: Fossil fuels are formed over millions of years from the deposition of organic materials in layers. Organic matter in bottom layers begins to decay from the pressure and heat generated from the layers above them.
  • Key Concept 3: Sedimentary rocks and fossil fuels are formed when materials are compressed and heated deep under the Earth’s surface.

What is sedimentary rock?

What are fossil fuels?

How is sedimentary rock involved in the formation of fossil fuels? How long does this process take?

What Happened Before

The student is expected to identify fossils as evidence of past living organisms and the nature of the environments at the time using models.

Vocabulary

Fossil, Model, Sediment, Decay, Imprint, Weathering, Evidence

Key Concepts
  • Key Concept 1: Fossils are traces or preserved parts of organisms that lived in the past.
  • Key Concept 2: Fossils can be used to interpret past events and environments.
  • Key Concept 3: Models can be used to represent the passage of time and past organisms and environments.

How can fossils tell us which organisms lived millions of years ago?

How can fossils tell us what environments were like millions of years ago?

How can we represent fossils and past environments using models?