Name: ______

2.2.5 Respiration Worksheet

Respiration is the controlled release of energy from food

The food involved in respiration is usually ______

Internal respiration is controlled by ______which allow energy to be released in ______

The energy is trapped in molecules called ______

Types of Respiration

Aerobic Respiration – the release of energy from food in the ______of oxygen

Anaerobic Respiration The release of energy from food ______the presence of oxygen

Aerobic Respiration

Most living things get energy from aerobic respiration and are called ______

The energy stored in ______in glucose is released and used to make ______

When ATP breaks down it ______for all the reactions in a cell such as movement of muscles, growth of new cells, etc.

Equation for Aerobic Respiration

______+ ____________+ ______+ ______

______+ ____________+ ______+ ______

Aerobic respiration is relatively ______, 40% of the energy in glucose is used to make ATP

Any energy not used to produce ATP is ______

Aerobic Respiration occurs in 2 stages

Stage 1 ______

______

Stage 1 Glycolysis

Takes place in the ______(the cytoplasm without the organelles) as enzymes are found here

Does not require ______

It only releases ______of energy

Is the same for both ______and ______respiration

Stage 1 Glycolysis

A 6 carbon carbohydrate (Glucose) is converted to ______with the release of a small amount of energy

Most of the energy in the glucose molecule remains ______in each 3-carbon molecule

Stage 2

This stage requires and uses ______

It releases a ______of energy

It occurs in the ______as the necessary enzymes are found here

The 3-carbon molecules are broken down to ______and ______

Stage 2

The ______breakdown of the 3-carbon molecules releases a lot of ______

There is ______energy left in Carbon Dioxide and Water

Anaerobic Respiration

Anaerobic respiration can occur in the presence of ______but it ______

In anaerobic respiration Glycolysis occurs - this means glucose is broken into two 3-carbon molecules

A ______of energy is released this way

Anaerobic Respiration

There are ______of anaerobic respiration where the 3-carbon molecules are converted to different substances but all ______of energy

Anaerobic respiration is said to be ______than aerobic respiration as less energy is released

Fermentation

Anaerobic Respiration is also known as ______

2 types of fermentation

  1. ______Fermentation
  2. ______Fermentation

Lactic Acid Fermentation

This occurs in some ______and ______and in animal ______when there is not enough oxygen

In this fermentation ______is produced

Glucose  2 ______+ small amount of energy

Examples of Lactic Acid Fermentation

Lactic acid forms when bacteria cause ______to go ______

When bacteria respire on cabbage to form ______

In ______production and

In ______production

Lactic Acid Fermentation in Muscles

When we exercise and get out of breath not enough ______can reach our muscles and ______respiration takes place in the muscle

This forms ______which causes ______, when we rest the lactic acid is broken down by the ______

Alcohol Fermentation

Takes place in ______and some fungi such as ______and in plants when they are deprived of ______

Involves the ______of glucose

Glucose  2 ______+ 2 ______+ small amount energy

Alcohol Fermentation

The ethanol itself is high energy

Alcohol fermentation has been used for centuries

In baking, yeast is used for alcohol fermentation, the ______evaporates but the carbon dioxide causes the ______

Baking powder is used instead of yeast in ______

Industrial Fermentation

Biotechnology refers to the use of ______(such as micro organisms and enzymes) to carry our ______

In ______fermentation the micro organisms are placed in a container with a suitable ______on which they can ______

The vessel in which biological reactions can take place is called a ______

A fermentation bioreactor

When the micro organisms are mixed with the substrate ______may be formed so a foam breaker is used

Oxygen is ______in through a sparger (sparge = 1. To spray or sprinkle. 2. To introduce air or gas into (a liquid).)

______and______of product depend on the quality of the micro organism and substrate, the ______of the bioreactor, a correct rate of mixing, acorrect ______and ____ and elimination of ______micro organisms

Micro organisms used in bioprocessing

New mo/s are being produced by ______engineering

In general bacteria and fungi (especially yeast strains)

Bacteria can be used to make ______, ______and______

______can be used to make Beer and wine, for ______and single cell protein manufacture

Fungi can produce ______and ______

Bioprocessing with Immobilised cells

To ensure the microorganisms used in a bioreactor are not ______at the end of every ______they are often ______or ______

The microorganisms can be immobilised by bonding them to ______, bonding them to an ______or suspending them in a ______or ______

Uses of Immobilised Cells/Microorganisms

In the treatment of ______bacteria and fungi may be attached to ______and ______and then decompose the waste

In the production of alcohol yeast cells are immobilised with ______

Advantages of Immobilised Cells

Immobilisation is gentle it does ______

Immobilised cells can be easily ______

Immobilised cells ______for filtration at the end of bioprocessing

Immobilised cells can be ______, reducing costs

Uses of Immobilised Cells

Immobilised cells are becoming more popular than immobilised enzymes as it ______isolating and purifying enzymes, which is an expensive process

Differences between Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration

Aerobic / Anaerobic
Location / Cytoplasm and Lumen and Cristae of mitochondria
Oxygen Requirements / Does not use O2
End Products / Ethanol + CO2
or
Lactic acid
Energy Produced / Lots of energy
(38 ATP)

Syllabus Can You? ...

Define the term: aerobic respiration.

Explain the role of aerobic respiration – what does it do for organisms?

Express aerobic respiration by a balanced equation.

State the nature of respiration from syllabus – what stages are involved, where do these take place, what happens?

Define the term: anaerobic respiration.

Express anaerobic respiration by a balanced equation.

State the nature and role of fermentation.

State the cellular location of the first & second stage.

Explain the role of micro organisms in fermentation.

Explain the role of micro organisms including bioprocessing and Bioreactors

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