Bijlage : Studies Biomechanical
Reliability of Isometric Trunk Moment Measurements in healthy persons over 50
Authors / Thomas Kienbacher, MD, Birgit Paul, PhD, Richard Habenicht, Christian Starek, BSc, Markus Wolf, BSc, Josef Kollmitzer, PhD and Gerold Ebenbichler MDJournal / J Rehabil Med 2014 Epub ahead of print
Relationship between isometric and dynamic strength in recreationally trained men
Authors / McGuigan MR1, Newton MJ, Winchester JB, Nelson AG.Journal / J Strength Cond Res.2010 Sep;24(9):2570-3. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181ecd381.
Abstract / The purpose of this investigation was to examine the relationships between measures of maximal isometric force (peak force [PF]), rate of force development (RFD), vertical jump performance (VJ) and 1-repetition maximum (1RM) strength in recreationally trained men. The subjects in this study were 26 men ([mean +/- SD]: age 22 +/- 1 years; height 175 +/- 7 cm; mass 90 +/- 10 kg). They were tested for PF using the isometric midthigh pull exercise. The 1RM for the squat and bench press exercise were determined as a measure of dynamic strength. Explosive strength was measured as RFD from the isometric force-time curve. Correlations between the variables were calculated using Pearson product moment correlation coefficient. There was a nearly perfect correlation between measures of PF and 1RM squat (r = 0.97, p < 0.05) and 1RM bench press (r = 0.99, p < 0.05). The correlations were very strong between VJ and PF (r = 0.72, p < 0.05) and 1RM bench press (r = 0.70, p < 0.05). There were also strong correlations between VJ and 1RM squat (r = 0.69, p < 0.05). There were no significant correlations with RFD. The results showed that isometric maximum strength determined during the isometric midthigh pull test correlated well with 1RM and VJ testing. However, RFD measured during the same test did not appear to correlate as well with other measures. The isometric midthigh pull provides an efficient method for assessing strength in recreationally trained individuals. Practitioners wishing to obtain performance data related to maximum strength may wish to consider isometric testing as a less time intensive method of testing.
Bijlage : Studies Medical
Functional rehabilitation of low back disorders.
Authors / Taimela S, Negrini S, Paroli C.Journal / EurMedPhys 2004; 40: 29-36
Lumbar Paraspinal Muscle Function, Perception of Lumbar Position, and Postural Control in Disc Herniation-Related Back Pain.
Authors / Ville Leinonen, MD, MarkkuKankaanpää, DMSc, Matti Luukkonen, MD, MarttiKansanen, DMSc, OsmoHänninen, DMSc, PhD, OlaviAiraksinen, DMSc, andSimoTaimela, DMSc.Journal / SPINE 2003 Volume 28, Number 8, pp 842–848
Impaired Lumbar Movement Perception in Association with Postural Stability and Motor- and Somatosensory-Evoked Potentials in Lumbar Spine Stenosis.
Authors / Leinonen V, Määttä S, Taimela S, Herno A, Kankaanpää M,Partanen J, Kansanen M, Hänninen O, Airaksinen O.3. ImpairedLumbarMovement Perception.pdfJournal / Spine 2002; 27: 975-983
Paraspinal muscle responses during sudden upper limb loading.
Authors / Ville Leinonen, MarkkuKankaanpää, OsmoHänninen, OlaviAiraksinen, SimoTaimela.Journal / Eur J ApplPhysiol (2002) 88: 42–49
A randomized controlled trial of rehabilitation after hospitalization in frail older women: effects on strength, balance and mobility.
Authors / Leena Timonen, TainaRantanen, Olli-PekkaRyynänen, Simo Taimela, Tero E. Timonen, RaimoSulkava.Journal / Scand J Med Sci Sports 2002: 12: 186–192
Does Good Trunk Extensor Performance Protect Against Back-Releated Work Disability?
Authors / Rissanen A, Heliövaara M, Alaranta H, Taimela S, Mälkiä E, Knekt P, Reunanen A, Aromaa A.Journal / J RehabilMed 2002; 34: 62-66.
Disc Herniation-Related Back Pain Impairs Feed-Forward Control of Paraspinal Muscles.
Authors / Leinonen V, Kankanpää M, Luukkonen M, Hänninen O, Airaksinen O, Taimela S.7. Disc Herniation-Related Back Pain Impairs Feed-Forward Control.pdfJournal / Spine 2001; 26(16): E367-72.
Comparison of Three Active Therapies for Chronic Low Back Pain: Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial with One-year Follow-up.
Authors / Mannion AF,Muntener M,Taimela S, Dvorak J.8. Three therapies - Results of a randomized clinical trial with one-year follow-up.pdfJournal / Rheumatology (Oxford). 2001 Jul;40(7): 772-8
Active Therapy for Chronic Low Back Pain 1. Effect on Back MuscleActivation, Fatigability, andStength.
Authors / Mannion A, Taimela S, Müntener M, Dvorak j.Journal / Spine 2001; 26: 897-908.
Active Therapy for Chronic Low Pack Pain Part 2. Effects on Paraspinal Muscle Cross-Setional Area, Fiber Type Size, and Distribution.
Authors / Käser L, Mannion A, Rhyner A, Weber E, Dvorak J, Müntener M.Journal / Spine 2001; 26: 909-919
Authors / Mannion A, Junge A, Tamela S, Müntener M, Lorenzo K, Dvorak J.
Journal / Spine 2001; 26: 920-929.
Active Therapy for Chronic Low Pack Pain Part 3. Factors Influencing Self-Rated Disability and Its Change Following Therapy.
Intra- and Inter-Tester Reliablility and Reference Values for Isometric Neck Strength.
Authors / Peolsson A, Oberg B, Hedlund R.Journal / PhysiotherRes Int 2001; 6(1): 15-26
The role of physical exercise inactivity on low back pain recurrence and absenteeism from work after active outpatient rehabilitation for recurrent-chronic LBP: A follow-up study.
Authors / Taimela S, Didrich C, Heinrichy M.Journal / Spine 2000; 25: 1809-1816.
Active treatment of chronic neck trouble: A prospective randomized intervention with multi-modal treatment emphasizing proprioceptive training, neck lecture and activated home exercises, and neck lecture with a recommendation of exercise.
Authors / Taimela S, Takala E-P, Asklöf T, Seppälä K, Parviainen S.Journal / Spine 2000; 25: 1021-1027.
Volvo 1999 award: A randomized clinical trial of three active therapies for chronic low back pain.
Authors / Mannion AF, Muntener M, Taimela S, Dvorak J.Journal / Spine 1999; 24: 2435-2448.
The effect of lumbar fatigue on the ability to sense a change in lumbar position. A controlledstudy.
Authors / Taimela S, Kankaanpää M, Luoto S.Journal / Spine 1999; 24: 1322-1327.
The efficacy of active rehabilitation in chronic low back pain. Effect on pain intensity, self-experienced disability and lumbar fatigability.
Authors / Kankaanpää M, Taimela S, Airaksinen O, Hänninen O.Journal / Spine 1999; 24: 1034-1042.
Mechanisms explaining the association between low back trouble and deficits in information processing. A controlled study with follow-up.
Authors / Luoto S, Taimela S, Hurri H, Alaranta H.Journal / Spine 1999; 24: 255-261.
Back and hip extensor muscle function during therapeutic exercises.
Authors / Arokoski JP, Kankaanpää M, Valta T, Juvonen I, Partanen J, Taimela S, et al.Journal / Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 1999; 80: 842-850.
One-footed and externally disturbed two-footed postural control in patients with chronic low back pain and healthy control subjects. A controlledstudywith follow-up.
Authors / Luoto S, Aalto H, Taimela S, Hurri H, Pyykkö I, Alaranta H.Journal / Spine 1998; 23: 2081-2089, discussion 2089-2090.
A submaximal back endurance test utilising subjective perception of low back fatigue.
Authors / Taimela S, Kankaanpää M, Airaksinen OV.Journal / Scand. J. Rehab. Med. 1998; 30: 107-112.
Reference change limits of the paraspinal spectral EMG in evaluation of low back rehabilitation.
Authors / Kankaanpää M, Taimela S, Airaksinen O.Journal / Pathophysiology 1998; 5: 217-224.
Back extensor and psoas muscle cross-sectional area, prior physical training and trunk muscle strength - a longitudinal study in adolescent girls.
Authors / Peltonen JE, Taimela S, Erkintalo M, Salminen JJ, Oksanen A, Kujala UM.Journal / Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 1998; 77: 66-71.
Age, sex and body mass index as determinants of back and hip extensor fatigue in isometric Sørensen back endurance test.
Authors / Kankaanpää M, Laaksonen D, Taimela S, Kokko SM, Airaksinen OV, Hänninen OO.Journal / Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 1998; 79: 1069-1075.
Back and hip extensor fatigability in chronic low back pain patients and controls.
Authors / Kankaanpää M, Taimela S, Laaksonen D, Airaksinen OV, Hänninen OO.Journal / Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 1998; 79: 412-417.
Arm motion speed and risk of neck pain.
Authors / Laurén H, Luoto S, Alaranta H, Taimela S, Hurri H, Heliövaara M.Journal / Spine 1997; 22: 2094-2099.
The prevalence of low-back pain among children and adolescents - A nation-wide cohort-based questionnaire survey in Finland.
Authors / Taimela S, Kujala UM, Salminen JJ, Viljanen T.Journal / Spine 1997; 22: 1132-1136.
Chronische Schmerzen des unterenRückens. Prinzipenund prognostische FaktorengymnastischerÛbungen.
Authors / Taimela S.Journal / Manuelle Medizin 1997; 35: 194-205.
Lumbar paraspinal muscle fatigability in repetitive isoinertial loading: EMG spectral indices, Borg scale and endurance time.
Authors / Kankaanpää M, Taimela S, Webber CL, Airaksinen OV, Hänninen OO.Journal / Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 1997; 76: 236-242.
Training does not increase maximal extension position of the healthy back.
Authors / Kujala UM, Oksanen A, Taimela S, Salminen JJ.Journal / Clin. Biomech. 1997; 12: 181-184.
Psychomotor speed and postural control in chronic low-back patients: A controlled follow-up study.
Authors / Luoto S, Taimela S, Hurri H, Aalto H, Pyykkö I, Alaranta H.Journal / Spine 1996; 21: 2621-2627.
Strength, mobility, their changes and pain reduction in active functional restoration for chronic low back disorders.
Authors / Taimela S, Härkäpää K.Journal / J. Spin. Disord. 1996; 9: 306-312.
Physical loading and performance as predictors of back pain in healthy adults. A 5-year prospectivestudy.
Authors / Kujala UM, Taimela S, Videman T, Battie MC, Viljanen T.Journal / Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 1996; 73:452-458.
The clinical biomechanics award paper 1993 Posture and the compressive strength of the lumbar spine.
Authors / M.A. Adams, PhD, D.S. McNally, PhD, H. Chinn, BSc, P. Dolan, PhD.Journal / Clinical Biomechanics Volume 9, Issue 1, January 1994, Pages 5–14
Abstract / The effect of posture on spinal compressive strength was examined in a series of three experiments on cadaveric material. Lumbar ‘motion segments’, consisting of two vertebrae and the intervening disc and ligaments, were compressed while positioned in various angles of flexion and extension. In the first experiment load sharing between the disc, the apophyseal joint surfaces, and the intervertebral ligaments was inferred from measurements of intradiscal pressure (IDP). Results showed that extension caused the apophyseal joints to become load-bearing, and damage could occur at compressive loads as low as 500 N. Flexion angles greater than about 75% of the full range of flexion (as defined by the posterior ligaments) generated high tensile forces in these ligaments, and caused substantial increases in IDP. The optimum range for resisting compression therefore appeared to be 0–75% flexion. The second experiment compared the distribution of compressive stress within the disc at the endpoints of this range, and showed that at 0% flexion high stress concentrations occur in the posterior annulus of many discs, whereas an even distribution of stress was usually found at 75% flexion. However, the third experiment showed that there was no significant difference in the compressive strength of motion segments positioned in 0% and 75% flexion. A comparison of the range of flexion/ extension movements in vivo and in vitro led us to conclude that in life a position of moderate flexion is to be preferred when the lumbar spine is subjected to high compressive forces.
Effect of Two Contrasting Types of Physical Exercise on Chronic Neck Muscle Pain
Authors / LARS L. ANDERSEN, GISELA SJØGAARD, MICHAEL KJÆR, KAREN SØGAARD, LONE HANSEN, ANN I. KRYGE, GISELA SJØGAARDJournal / Arthritis & Rheumatism (Arthritis Care & Research) Vol. 59, No. 1, January 15, 2008, pp 84–91
Abstract / Objective.The prevalence of neck muscle pain has steadily increased and especially pain from the descending part of the trapezius muscle has been associated with monotonous work tasks such as computer work. Physical exercise is generally recommended as treatment, but it is unclear which type of training is most effective. Our objective was to determine the effectiveness of specific strength training of the painful muscle versus general fitness training without direct involvement of the painful muscle (leg bicycling) on work-related neck muscle pain.
Methods.We conducted a randomized controlled trial and recruited subjects from 7 workplaces characterized by monotonous jobs (e.g., computer-intensive work). Forty-eight employed women with chronic neck muscle pain (defined as a clinical diagnosis of trapezius myalgia) were randomly assigned to 10 weeks of specific strength training locally for the affected muscle, general fitness training performed as leg bicycling with relaxed shoulders, or a reference intervention without physical activity. The main outcome measure was an acute and prolonged change in intensity of neck muscle pain (100-mm visual analog scale [VAS]).
Results. A decrease of 35 mm (79%; P < 0.001) in the worst VAS pain score over a 10-week period was seen with specific strength training, whereas an acute and transient decrease in pain (5 mm; P < 0.05) was found with general fitness training.
Conclusion.Specific strength training had high clinical relevance and led to marked prolonged relief in neck muscle pain. General fitness training showed only a small yet statistically significant acute pain reduction.
Bijlage : Studies Economics
IntegrierteVersorgungRückenschmerz.
Journal / FPZ - Wissenschaftlichedokumentation 2006 – 2008.Evaluation des Wirbelsäulenkonzeptes Kraftwerk DaimlerChrysler AG Werk Wörth
Abstract / Evaluation of the Spine Concept ”Kraftwerk” of the DaimlerChrysler AG (English abstract)Authors / Prof. Dr. Gerhard Huber
Research Center / Institutfür Sport und Sportwissenschaft der Universität Heidelberg
Description / Since August 2002 workers of DaimlerChrysler AG have been offered a back training program called “Kraftwerk” (power plant). It consists of device based training of the trunk muscles that can be undertaken directly at the workplace as well as at a company’s occupational medical facility. The institute for sports sciences of Heidelberg was given the task to evaluate the program.
Wissenschaftlichgestütztes Training fürKrankenversichertemitRückenbeschwerden
Authors / T. Daschner, F. TschubarCompany / Gothaer KV AG, Köln
Journal / Manuelle Medizin 2006 · 44:308–312
ReduktionvondiagnosespezifischerArbeitsunfähigkeit bei Ladearbeiterndurcheinegezieltemedizinische Trainingstherapie für die Wirbelsäule
Authors / B. Sappich, W. Gaber, S. Caspar, K. BaumJournal / Arbeitsmedizin 8/2001 E 4375 E
Abstract / Aim: To prove that backbone-related unfitness for work can be reduced by spectfic exercises for the back. Workers who loaded aeroplanes at Frankfurt Airport benefited from this therapy. Further ObJectives were to reduce the expenditure for sick leave, hospital care and medicatton.
Collecove and method: The effects of the exercise therapy were measured m a study wtth test persons (n = 95) and controls (n = 89). The exerctse therapy was based on intensive exercise with resistance machines that help to stabrlise backbone muscles and a bio-mechanrcal function ~n~lysiswtth anamnesis of complaints suffered.
After an exercise period of one year. the effects were compared wtth the data collected one year earlier. Evaluation of the cost factors was carried out on the basis of personal data provided by the health ms,urance company (AOK).
Results: The exerctse therapy helped to reduce the number of days sick by an average 7.3 days per worker. All measured strength counts. Performance of trunk muscles and mobility measurements improved to an extent that could be proven statistically The amount of medtcrne prescribed to the study group increased slightly.
Conclusions: Exercise of muscles that stabilise the backbone is a suttable supplement to extstingpnmary and secondary preventtve measures. Thts exercise will reduce the number of sick days connected to backbone problems.