Reading Essentials Grade 5 Answer Key
Chapter 1Cells and Kingdoms
Lesson 1Cells
Read a Photo: Unicellular and Multicellular Organisms
The frog is multicellular (as is the inset photo of frog cells). (p. 3)
Read a Diagram: Plant Cell
chloroplast, cell wall (p. 6)
Quick Check
1. cell (p. 3)
2. another cell (p. 3)
3. unicellular (p. 3)
4. multicellular (p.3)
5. Possible answers: controls what enters and leaves cell; protects the cell; gives the cell shape (p. 5)
6. supports cell parts (p. 5)
7. controls cell’s actions (p. 5)
8. break down food and release energy for the cell to use (p. 5)
9. b
10. c
11. a
Lesson 2Classifying Life
Read a Chart: Classification of Horses
Kingdom (p. 9)
Read a Graph: Number of Animal Species
Arthropods (p. 11)
Quick Check
12. phylum (p. 9)
13. class (p. 9)
14. species (p. 9)
15. Possible answers: humans, cats, dogs, mice, snakes (p. 11)
16.Possible answers: clams, snails, sea stars (p. 11)
17. Possible answer: plants: cell wall (p. 13)
18. Possible answer: plants: make food (p. 13)
19. Possible answer: fungi: cell wall (p. 13)
20. Possible answer: fungi: must get food from other organisms (p. 13)
21. Bacteria can cause disease. (p. 14)
22. Bacteria help break down food that we eat. (p. 14)
23. virus (p. 15)
Lesson 3Plants
Read a Diagram: Soft and Woody Stems
xylem (p. 19)
Read a Diagram: Transport in Plants
the roots (p. 21)
Quick Check
24. Students should check all. (p. 17)
25. Students should check gymnosperms and angiosperms only. (p. 17)
26. Students should check seedless only. (p. 17)
27. Students should check angiosperms only. (p. 17)
28. grows deep in ground (p. 18)
29. doesn’t touch the ground (p. 18)
30. woody (p. 19)
31. soft (p. 19)
32. sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide (p. 21)
33. They eat plants and get the energy that is stored in the plants. (p. 23)
Lesson 4Classifying Animals
Read a Photo: Arthropods
ladybug (the photo on the right) (p. 27)
Read a Photo: Birds and Reptiles
The bird uses wings to move. The reptile uses legs. (p. 29)
Quick Check
34. Possible answers: worms, cnidarians, sponges (or porifera) (p. 25)
35. Possible answers: any snail, clam, or squid (p. 27)
36. Possible answers: sea stars, sea cucumbers (p. 27)
37. Possible answers: any insect, spider, or crab (p. 27)
38. keep warm (p. 29)
39. feathers (p. 29)
40. Possible answers: duck-billed platypus, spiny anteater (p. 31)
41. Possible answers: koala, kangaroo (p. 31)
42. Possible answers: tiger, giraffe, human, dog, elephant, whale (p. 31)
Lesson 5Animal Systems
Read a Diagram: Digestive and Excretory Systems
Esophagus (p. 33)
Read a Diagram: Circulation and Respiration
in the lungs/alveoli (p. 35)
Quick Check
43. protects organs (p. 32)
44. supports the body (p. 32)
45. b
46. a
47. F
48. T
Chapter 1: Vocabulary Review
1. species (p. 38)
2. unicellular (p. 38)
3. organism (p. 38)
4. angiosperm (p. 38)
5. multicellular (p. 38)
6. nonvascular (p. 38)
7. cell (p. 38)
8. xylem (p. 38)
9. organ (p. 38)
10. d (p. 38)
11. b (p. 38)
12. c (p. 38)
13. a (p. 38)
1. tissue (p. 39)
2. chlorophyll (p. 39)
3. organism (p. 39)
4. vascular (p. 39)
5. cell (p. 39)
N Q B I M L S F T U W K C
H V N D M W E S X T R F T
B A V V U Q W T I K I N I
G B A G B D A W Y T I C S
Z E S U C N N H Y K E I S
V N C E L E V L Z Y J L U
T H U K P B L F C C N J E
O I L J X M Q L D M T W Y
L S A A Q T D W E A U P A
A L R S O R G A N I S M C
A R O I C X V W I R C M V
E K D L Y H F J Z W N N L
G A C H L O R O P H Y L L
Summarize
All living things are made of cells. They can be classified into six kingdoms. Plants make their own food through photosynthesis. Animals can be classified based on form, structure, and behavior. In some animals, body systems work together to allow the body to move, get energy, and respond to the world.
Chapter 2Parents and Offspring
Lesson 1Reproduction
Read a Photo: Strawberry Reproduction
The new plant is attached by a runner. (p. 44)
Read a Photo: Variation
Their coloring is not identical to either one of their parents’. (p. 45)
Quick Check
1. sexual (p. 43)
2. asexual (p. 43)
3. splitting, budding, vegetative propagation (p. 44)
4. It allows for differences in species. (p. 45)
Lesson 2Plant Life Cycles
Read a Diagram: Fern Life Cycle
a new fern plant (p. 47)
Read a Chart: Types of Flowers
perfect/incomplete flower (p. 49)
Quick Check
5. Spores are carried by the wind. (p. 46)
6. spores (p. 47)
7. asexual reproduction (p. 47)
8. stamen; pistil (p. 49)
9. bees and other animals, wind (p. 51)
10. embryo, cotyledon, seed coat (p. 52)
11. monocot (p. 53)
12. dicot (p. 53)
13. dicot (p. 53)
14. pine tree (p. 55)
15. angiosperm (p. 55)
Lesson 3Animal Life Cycles
Read a Diagram: Complete and Incomplete Metamorphosis
complete metamorphosis (p. 57)
Read a Photo: Comparing Eggs
frog eggs (p. 59)
Quick Check
16. egg, larva, pupa, adult (p. 57)
17. internal (p. 58)
18. external (p. 58)
19. A reptile embryo gets food from the yolk. (p. 59)
Lesson 4Traits and Heredity
Read a Diagram: Pea Crossing
Any flower with a capital P will have purple flowers (because P is dominant). (p. 62)
Read a Chart: Pedigree Chart
Both sons show the dominate trait. (p. 63)
Quick Check
20. instinct (p. 61)
21. inherited (p. 61)
22. chromosomes (p. 62)
22. lowercase (p. 62)
24. to learn about heredity patterns (p. 63)
Chapter 2: Vocabulary Review
- b (p. 64)
- a (p. 64)
- c (p. 64)
- d (p. 64)
- a (p. 64)
- c (p. 64)
Page 65
Across
4. larva (p. 65)
5. gene (p. 65)
6. instinct (p. 65)
8. embryo (p. 65)
Down
1. pupa (p. 65)
2. pollen (p. 65)
3. heredity (p. 65)
7. nymph (p. 65)
Summarize
All living things come from other living things. The life cycles of plants and animals involve different stages of development. Plants and animals have a number of ways to reproduce and to make sure that their offspring survive. Traits are passed from parents to offspring. Traits control how organisms look and how they act.
Chapter 3Interactions in Ecosystems
Lesson 1Energy Flow in Ecosystems
Read a Photo: Forest Ecosystem
Nonliving things include water, rocks, soil, sunlight, and air. (p. 69)
Read a Diagram: Forest and Salt Marsh Food Web
mouse, bird, fish (p. 72)
Quick Check
1. biotic factors (p. 69)
2. abiotic factors (p. 69)
3. population (p. 69)
4. b (p. 71)
5. c (p. 71)
6. a (p. 71)
7. F (p. 73)
8. T (p. 73)
9. plants (p. 74)
10.In order, top to bottom: 3, 1, 4, 2, 5 (p. 75)
Lesson 2Relationships in Ecosystems
Read a Photo: Hawaiian Honeycreepers
The akiapolaau has a sharp curved beak to pick insects out of bark.
The apapane has a long, thin beak to sip nectar from flowers. (p. 79)
Read a Photo: Ray and Remoras
Possible answers: The ray is giving them a ride, protecting them from predators, and letting them eat scraps of food the ray hunts. (p. 80)
Quick Check
11. Possible answers: food, water, space, rainfall, temperature, soil type, shelter (p. 77)
12. competition (p. 79)
13. niche (p. 79)
14. ants and acacia (p. 80)
15. ray and remoras (p. 80)
16. parasites; harm (p. 81)
Lesson 3Adaptation and Survival
Read a Diagram: Orchid Adaptations
They absorb water from the air. (p. 84)
Read a Photo: Snake Mimicry
They are the same colors. They both have stripes. (p. 87)
Quick Check
17. webbed feet (p. 83)
18. waxy outer covering (p. 83)
19. orchid (p. 85)
20. milkweed (p. 85)
21. water lily (p. 85)
22. oak tree (p. 85)
23. Many desert animals are active at night because temperatures are much cooler at night than during the day. (p. 86)
24. Answers will vary. Sample answer: Pipefish resemble sea grass in its environment. (p. 86)
25. monarch butterfly (p. 87)
26. coral snake (p. 87)
27. worm (p. 87)
Chapter 3: Vocabulary Review
1. ecosystem (p. 88)
2. symbiosis (p. 88)
3. food chain (p. 88)
4. adaptation (p. 88)
5. population (p. 88)
6. community (p. 88)
7. camouflage (p. 88)
R E T A E O L O P K C L L
I I P S Y M B I O S I S R
V E H W E S H S P F M T W
M N S A E N O P U A E S T
D U H O E G S M LG D N O
Y S F O O D C H A I N H N
S X N R A F Q LT I E B W
S E A C R R F E I J W S Z
H D E J L U S Z O P O K B
E X P C O M M U N I T Y R
H B E M Y Q M O B S E A B
A D A P T A T I O N T K J
E C O S Y S T E M E B G R
1. e (p. 89)
2. f (p. 89)
3. c (p. 89)
4. a (p. 89)
5. b (p. 89)
6. d (p. 89)
7. parasitism (p. 89)
8. energy pyramid (p. 89)
9. mimicry (p. 89)
Summarize
An ecosystem is all the living and nonliving things in an environment. Energy flows in an ecosystem through food chains, food webs, and energy pyramids. Organisms in an ecosystem compete for food, space, and other resources. Organisms have adaptations that help them survive in their environments.
Chapter 4Ecosystems and Biomes
Lesson 1Cycles in Ecosystems
Read a Diagram: Water Cycle
evaporation, transpiration (p. 93)
Read a Diagram: Carbon Cycle
People in the house will burn the oil for heat or power. (p. 95)
Quick Check
1. condensation (p. 93)
2. precipitation (p. 93)
3. T (p. 95)
4. F (p. 95)
5. T (p. 95)
6. compost (p. 97)
7. renewable resources (p. 97)
8. nitrogen (p. 97)
9. nonrenewable resources (p. 97)
Lesson 2Changes in Ecosystems
Read a Photo: Beaver Dams
Possible answer: Its dam will create new habitats and food supplies for other animals. (p. 99)
Read a Diagram: Stages of Primary Succession
pioneer community, intermediate community, climax community (p. 103)
Quick Check
10. Possible answer: The reef becomes a new habitat for other organisms.
(p. 99)
11. Possible answer: New habitats are formed. (p. 99)
12. extinct (p. 101)
13. endangered (p. 101)
14. In order, top to bottom: 5, 2, 4, 1, 3 (p. 103)
15. secondary (p. 105)
16. weeds (p. 105)
17. hardwood (p. 105)
18. climax (p. 105)
Lesson 3Biomes
Read a Map: Global Biomes
South America (p. 106)
Read a Photo: Rain Forests
Possible answers: The tropical rainforest has a waterfall and trees full of leaves. The temperate rain forest has more open space, trees with fewer branches, and more plants growing right on other plants. (p. 110)
Quick Check
19. habitats (p. 107)
20. biomes (p. 107)
21. rainfall (p. 107)
22. cold (p. 107)
23. tundra (p. 109)
24. taiga (p. 109)
25. tundra (p. 109)
26. tundra (p. 109)
27. The trees lose their leaves during cool weather. (p. 110)
28. Possible answers: corn, wheat, oats (p. 111)
29. Possible answers: bison, grasshoppers, crickets, butterflies, toads, worms, insects, mice, prairie dogs, snakes, birds (p. 111)
Lesson 4Water Ecosystems
Read a Diagram: Freshwater Zones
open water, shallow water, bottom (p. 115)
Read a Diagram: Ocean Zones
the intertidal zone (p. 116)
Quick Check
30. plankton: diatoms, animal larvae (p. 113)
31. nekton: turtles, fish, whales (p. 113)
32. benthos: oysters, worms, lobsters (p. 113)
33. F (p. 115)
34. T (p. 115)
35. intertidal zone (116)
36. Possible answers: They protect coastal places by soaking up water during storms. The roots and stems of marsh plants trap pollution and keep the ocean clean. Estuaries provide homes to many types of animals. Many ocean organisms use estuaries as breeding grounds. (p. 117)
Chapter 4: Vocabulary Review
Across
2. pioneer species (p. 118)
6. water cycle (p. 118)
7. biome (p. 118)
Down
1. tundra (p. 118)
2. plankton (p. 118)
3. succession (p. 118)
4. taiga (p. 118)
5. benthos (p. 118)
1. c (p. 119)
2. c (p. 119)
3. d (p. 119)
4. a (p. 119)
5. b (p. 119)
6. a (p. 119)
7. d (p. 119)
Summarize
Water, carbon, and nitrogen are cycled through ecosystems. Earth has six major land biomes, or super-ecosystems: tundra, taiga, desert, rain forest, deciduous forest, and grassland. Earth’s water ecosystems include bodies of fresh water, salt water, and mixed water in areas where salt and fresh water bodies meet. Ecosystems can change naturally over time
Chapter 5Our Dynamic Earth
Lesson 1Earth’s Landforms
Read a Diagram: Ocean Features
continental shelf (p. 124)
Read a Map: Topographical Map of Nunivak Island, Alaska
Seemalik Butte (p. 127)
Quick Check
1. dune (p. 123)
2. estuary (p. 123)
3. c (p. 125)
4. a (p. 125)
5. b (p. 125)
6. elevation (p. 127)
7. topographical (p. 127)
8. relief (p. 127)
9. atmosphere (p. 129)
10. hydrosphere (p. 129)
11. crust (p. 129)
12. core (p. 129)
Lesson 2Plate Tectonics
Read a Diagram: Theory of Continental Drift
The space has grown larger. There is more water between the two continents. (p. 131)
Read a Diagram: Spread of the Ocean Floor
The magma is the yellow material in the middle. It is pushing the plates apart. (p. 133)
Quick Check
13. T (p. 131)
14. F (p. 131)
15. T (p. 131)
16. T (p. 131)
17. The continents move apart. (p. 133)
18. It builds up equally on both sides of the opening on the ocean floor.
(p. 133)
19. folded mountain: Compression forces the ground upward. (p. 135)
20. both: Both form when plates move. Both are mountains. (p. 135)
21. fault-block mountain: Shear moves one side of a fault up and the other side down. (p. 135)
Lesson 3Volcanoes
Read a Diagram: A Volcano
Vents (p. 136)
Read a Diagram: How the Hawaiian Islands Formed
Hawaii (p.139)
Quick Check
22. from top to bottom: 4, 2, 5, 3, 1 (p. 137)
23. Volcanoes erupt differently. Also the kinds of materials they give off affect their shape. (p. 138)
24. volcanic (p. 139)
25. hot spot (p. 139)
Lesson 4Earthquakes
Read a Map: Earthquake Locations
on the west coast (p. 141)
Read a Photo: Effects of a Tsunami
There is water all around the land. Much of the land is underwater. (p. 145)
Quick Check
26. fault (p. 141)
27. focus (p. 141)
28. energy (p. 141)
29. seismometer (p. 143)
30. P waves (p. 143)
31. S waves (p. 143)
32. Lg waves (p. 143)
33. tsunami (p. 145)
34. T (p. 147)
35. T (p. 147)
36. F (p. 147)
37. T (p. 147)
Lesson 5Shaping Earth’s Surface
Read a Photo: Forming a Valley
There is water and ice on the sides and bottom. The valley is U-shaped, a characteristic of change caused by glaciers. (p. 151)
Read a Photo: Floodplain
the photo on the right (p. 154)
Quick Check
38. physical (p. 149)
39. physical (p. 149)
40. chemical (p. 149)
41. physical (p. 149)
42. gravity (p. 151)
43. erosion (p. 151)
44. glacier (p. 151)
45. running water (rivers), waves, wind (p. 153)
45. a barrier island (p. 154)
47. Possible answer: Build a dam to slow the water. (p. 155)
48. Possible answers: Put up a fence, build a barricade, replace the sand.
(p. 155)
Chapter 5: Vocabulary Review
1. landform (p. 156)
2. weathering (p. 156)
3. tsunami (p. 156)
4. earthquake (p. 156)
5. deposition (p. 156)
6. volcano (p. 156)
7. epicenter (p. 156)
8. fault (p. 156)
9. crust (p. 156)
1. b (p. 157)
2. d (p. 157)
3. d (p. 157)
4. c (p. 157)
5. b (p. 157)
6. a (p. 157)
7. d (p. 157)
8. a (p. 157)
Summarize
Each layer of Earth has its own features. Earth’s crust is made of plates that are constantly moving. Volcanoes occur when magma from deep inside Earth erupts and reaches Earth’s surface. Earthquakes occur when Earth’s plates suddenly move. Weathering and erosion change the shape of Earth’s surface.
Chapter 6Protecting Earth’s Resources
Lesson 1Minerals and Rocks
Read a Table: Mohs’ Hardness Scale
talc (p. 161)
Read a Diagram: The Rock Cycle
Pressure and heat turn metamorphic rock into magma, which cools to form igneous rock. (p. 165)
Quick Check
1. elements (p. 161)
2. luster (p. 161)
3. Possible answers: topaz, mica, amethyst, emerald, diamond (p. 163)
4. c (p. 164)
5. a (p. 164)
6. b (p. 164)
7. T (p. 167)
8. F (p. 167)
9. T (p. 167)
10. T (p. 167)
Lesson 2Soil
Read a Diagram: Soil Horizons
in the A horizon (the topsoil) (p. 169)
Read a Photo: Conserving Soil
contour plowing (could also be strip farming) (p. 172)
Quick Check
11. c (p. 169)
12. b (p. 169)
13. forest soil; desert soil; grassland soil (p. 171)
14. garbage; chemicals used to kill insects and weeds (p. 171)
15. – 16. Answers may vary but should include two of these examples: add fertilizer to replace nutrients; plant across a hill, not up and down; plant on terraces; plant grass between rows of crops; plant tall trees around a farm; pass laws about pollution; help clean up polluted land; spread the word about conserving soil. (p. 173)
Lesson 3Fossils and Energy
Read a Diagram: Law of Superposition
Flint is the oldest; it is the bottom-most layer. Limestone is the youngest; it is on top. (p. 176)
Read a Photo: Alternative Energy Sources
solar panel (p. 181)
Quick Check
17. remains (p. 175)
18. peat (p. 175)
19. fossil (p. 175)
20. older (p. 177)
21. half-life (p. 177)
22. periods (p. 177)
23. coal; oil; natural gas (p. 179)
24. wind; moving water; sunlight (p. 179)
25. c (p. 181)
26. d (p. 181)
27. c (p. 182)
28. a (p. 182)
29. b (p. 182)
30. Possible answers: using a toaster, riding in a car or bus, using a computer, listening to an MP3 player, turning on a light, etc. (p. 183)
31. Answers will vary. Accept any answer that describes energy conservation. (p. 183)
Lesson 4Air and Water
Read a Diagram: Usable Sources of Fresh Water
The water flows through the dam, into the river, and to the ocean. (p. 185)
Read a Graph: Water Use in the United States
thermoelectric power and irrigation (p. 186)
Quick Check
32. river, stream (p. 185)
33. lake, reservoir (p. 185)
34. Possible answers: Farmers use water for their crops; people use water in their homes for cooking and cleaning; businesses use water in the manufacturing of goods; power-generation companies use water to generate electricity. (p. 187)
35. Possible answer: Factories pollute water; storm water run-off from farm fields and streets carries chemicals to groundwater sources; household chemicals can pollute water sources. (p. 187)
36. Possible answers: Take shorter showers;don’t leave faucets running;fix leaking pipes and faucets; wash dishes by hand; use water-efficient appliances; grow plants that don’t require a lot of water. (p. 189)
37. ozone (p. 190)
38. pollution (p. 190)
39. T (p. 191)
40. F (p. 191)
41. T (p. 191)
Chapter 6: Vocabulary Review
Across
6. fossil fuel (p. 192)
7. fossil (p. 192)
Down
1. ozone (p. 192)
2. conservation (p. 192)
3. polluting (p. 192)
4. rock cycle (p. 192)
5. reservoir (p. 192)
1. c (p. 193)
2. e (p. 193)
3. b (p. 193)
4. d (p. 193)
5. a (p. 193)
6. f (p. 193)
7. g (p. 193)
Summarize
Rocks and minerals are formed in different ways. They also have different properties. Soil is a natural resource made of a mixture of nonliving material and once-living things. Ancient organisms became fossils and fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are nonrenewable resources. We need to use renewable sources for energy. Air and water are resources that support life on Earth.
Chapter 7Weather Patterns
Lesson 1The Atmosphere and Weather
Read a Diagram: Angles of Sunlight on the First Day of Spring
where the sunlight hits Earth at 180°, or at the poles (p. 196)
Read a Diagram: Air Movement in Sea and Land Breezes
from over the water to the land (p. 204)
Quick Check
1. equator (p. 197)
2. angles (p. 197)
3. shape (p. 197)
4. F (p. 199)
5. T (p. 199)
6. T (p. 199)
7.–10. The order may vary but answers should include: volume, temperature, height above Earth's surface, amount of water vapor (p. 201)
11. trade winds (p. 203)
12. global wind (p. 203)
13. Coriolis effect (p. 203)
14. Possible answer: as warm air over land rises, cooler air comes in from over the water to take its place, creating a cool sea breeze (p. 204)
15. Possible answers: barometer, measures air pressure; wind sock, shows wind direction and indicates strength; anemometer, measures wind speed (p. 205)
Lesson 2Clouds and Precipitation
Read a Diagram: How Precipitation Forms
Water vapor condenses. (p. 209)
Read a Photo: Moving Fronts
One day it is over the middle part of the country. Two days later it is over the eastern part. (p. 211)
Quick Check
16. Possible answer: A cirrus cloud is very high in the sky and forms from ice crystals. Accept any answer a student can justify. (p. 207)
17. Possible answer: A cumulus cloud is puffy and forms from water droplets. Accept any answer a student can justify. (p. 207)
18. Possible answer: Stratus clouds look like layers. They also form from water droplets. Accept any answer a student can justify. (p. 207)
19. raindrops are held in storm clouds, colliding with bits of ice to freeze and form ice pellets (p. 209)
20. water vapor turns directly into ice crystals and falls to the ground as snow (p. 209)
21. liquid raindrops fall through a very cold air mass, freezing as they fall
(p. 209)
22. The cold air pushes up the warm air and the moisture in the warm air condenses to make clouds. This brings precipitation. (p. 211)
23. Most weather in North America moves from west to east. (p. 211)
24. low-pressure (p. 212)
25. You could predict tomorrow would probably be cooler. (p. 213)
Lesson 3Severe Storms
Read a Diagram: How a Thunderstorm Forms
It cools down. (p. 214)
Read a Photo: Winter Storms
The road may be blocked and power lines may be down in North Dakota. In New York, roads are blocked and cars are buried. (p. 216)
Quick Check
26. In order, top to bottom: 3, 2, 5, 1, 4 (p. 215)
27. an ice storm (p. 217)
28. a whiteout (p. 217)
29. b (p. 219)
30. b (p. 219)
31. equator (p. 221)
32. 74 mph (p. 221)
33. cyclones (p. 221)
34. Answers will vary. Possible answer: doppler radar, barometer, anemometer, rain gauge, weather balloon, cameras, airplane (p. 223)
Lesson 4Climate
Read a Diagram: Climate by Plants
It is wet and cold. (p. 225)
Read a Map: Ocean Currents of the World
Gulf Stream, warm (p. 226)
Quick Check
35.–38. Possible answers: average temperature, average rainfall, latitude, plants (p. 225)
39. Possible answer: That city is warmer in summer and cooler in winter than a city by the ocean. (p. 227)
40. Possible answer: The higher the elevation, the cooler the climate. (p. 227)
41. Possible answer: The climate of nearby land is warm and humid. (p. 227)
42. Possible answer: El Niño cold current sinks (p. 229)
43. Possible answer: Both change weather conditions, happen in the Pacific Ocean, are affected by cold water current (p. 229)
44. Possible answer: La Niña cold current rises (p. 229)
Chapter 7: Vocabulary Review
1. weather (p. 230)
2. front(p. 230)
3. humidity(p. 230)
4. tornado (p. 230)
5. air mass (p. 230)
6. air pressure(p. 230)
7. barometer(p. 230)
8. hurricane(p. 230)
9. climate (p. 230)
atmosphere the layers of gases that surround Earth (p. 230)
1. global wind(p. 231)
2. barometer(p. 231)
3. storm surge(p. 231)
4. front(p. 231)
5. weather map(p. 231)
6. El Niño(p. 231)
Circled letters: ADRSNWHAIO, used to spell rain shadow.
Summarize
Heat energy from the Sun changes air pressure and causes winds. Water vapor in the air can form clouds, fog, rain, hail, sleet, or snow. Air masses and fronts change weather as they move. Storms are caused by the meeting of cold and warm air masses. Average weather patterns over many years determine an area's climate.