Name: ______Date: ______

Chapter 5: Age of Enlightenment

Reading and Study Guide

Directions: Identify any words that appear in the parenthesis in your answers to the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. You may answer the questions in note form or paragraph form.

Chapter 5 section 1: Philosophy in the Age of Reason

1.What was the Enlightenment? (Natural law, Emanuel Kant)

2.How did Hobbes and Locke differ in their views on human nature and the role of government?(Thomas Hobbes,Leviathan, social contract, natural rights, John Lock, Two Treatises of Government)

3.What did the philosophes do to better understand and improve society? (Philosophes, Baron de Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws, Voltaire, Demos Diderot, Encyclopedia, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract, Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Women)

4.Why did Adam Smith support laissez Faire economics? (physiocrats, laissez faire, Adam Smith The Wealth of Nations)

Chapter 5 Section 2: Enlightenment Ideas Spread

  1. How did people spread Enlightenment ideas in spite of efforts by authorities to stop the spread of information? (censorship, Persian Letters, Candide, Gulliver’s Travels, salons)
  2. How did the arts and literature change as Enlightenment ideas spread? (baroque, rococo, Johann Sebastian Bach, George Frederic Handel, Franz Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Daniel Defoe)
  3. How did enlightened despots both advance and undermine enlightenment ideals? (enlightened despots, Frederick the Great, Catherine the Great, Joseph II, )
  4. During this time, why did change occur slowly for most Europeans?

Chapter 5 Section 3: Birth of the American Republic

  1. What led to Britain’s rise to global prominence in the mid-1700s? (Treaty of Utrecht, French and Indian War, United Kingdom, George III)
  2. How did colonists in North America react to the effort of King George III to raise revenues from the colonies? (Stamp Act, Declaratory Act, Boston Massacre, Boston Tea Party, John Adams, George Washington)
  3. What Enlightenment ideas are reflected in the Declaration of Independence? (Declaration of Independence, Revolutionary War, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, Benjamin Franklin, popular sovereignty)
  4. What advantages did the colonists have in battling Britain for their independence? (loyalist, Battle of Saratoga, Valley Forge, Yorktown, Treaty of Paris)
  5. How did Enlightenment ideas influence the United States Constitution and the Bill of Rights? (federal republic, three branches of government)

Critical Thinking Questions:

  1. How did the Scientific Revolution lead to the enlightenment?

Think about: Francis Bacon, Rene Descartes, Galileo, Isaac Newton, natural law, Emanuel Kant, reason

  1. How did Enlightenment ideas and values contradict or challenge the “old order?”

Think about: absolute monarchy, divine right, mercantilism, social contract, natural rights, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Mary Wollstonecraft, Voltaire,

  1. How did the Enlightenment lead to new assumptions regarding governance, law, and economics?

Think About: philosophes, Baron de Montesquieu, Denis Diderot, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Adam Smith, laissez-faire

  1. How were Enlightenment ideals expressed in literature and the arts and how did these works helped spread a new social order across Europe and the Americas?

Think about: Voltaire’s Candide, Johnathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels, rococo, classical music, Daniel Defoe, enlightened despots

  1. How did the enlightenment affect the American patriots and the framers of the American constitution?

Think about: John Locke, social contract, Adam Smith, laissez-faire economics, Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence, popular sovereignty, Baron de Montesquieu, separation of powers, United States Constitution and Bill of Rights.