RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
KARNATAKA BANGLORE
ANNEXURE II
PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION
1. Name of the Candidate and Address : Dr. SUSHRUTHA.C.K
S/O Dr.Chandrashekhar.R.Kammar
Door No:664/25
Mouneshwara Badavane.
Nituvalli Extn.
Davanagere, Karnataka
2. Name of the Institution : A.L.N. Rao Memorial Ayurvedic Medical College and P.G. Centre,
Koppa – 577126, Chikmagalur district,
Karnataka.
3. Course of the Study and Subject : Ayurveda Vachaspathi M.D. (Ayu) in Dravya Guna.
4. Date of Admission to the Course : 5TH June 2007
5. Title of the Topic : AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF ANTI-HEPATOTOXIC EFFECT OF TIKTA PATOLA (TRICHOSANTHES TRICUSPIDATA.LOUR) AND DUGDHAPHENI (TARAXACUM OFFICINALE.WIGG)-A COMPARATIVE STUDY.
6. Brief Resume Of Intended Work:
6.1. Need for the Study:
The word prasadana is originated from the dhatu ‘ Shadluru visaranaadav ’ which means kriyasheelatva or prasannatha vriddhi. Some call this by other names like Ashugraha, Preenana, or Svasthavardhana. So according to this the meaning of Pitta Prasadhana will be increase in Matra & Kriya of Vishudda pitta. This Pitta Prasaadhana will nourishes the body with the help of 5 types of Pitta especially by Pachaka Pitta. So the prasadhana kriya of Amashaya, Agni rasa, Yakruthastha Pitta Rasa will be considered as Pitta Prasaadhana. In special it carries the meaning Yakruthastha Pitta. In this it protects & nourishes the Rasaraktha Pitta15
Human body is a mixture of complex metabolism which is functioned by multiple organs and liver is one of the heaviest organs and serves the principle function of maintaining the body’s internal milieu. Liver is also the largest reticulo endothelial organ in the body and its situation is important in removing infecting bacteria and its products, which enter the body from the gut1. The hepatocyte plays an important role in diverse metabolic processes that may be deranged as a consequence of liver disease leading to many inborn errors of metabolism2.
According to Ayurveda, Yakrut is considered one among the 15 Koshtangas3. It is the vital component of Pitta (or) Agnisthana. Studies have shown that Bhootagnipaka and part of Dhatvagnipaka takes place in the Yakrut4. In this present study by the cholagogue action one among the catharatics ie. Bhedana5 and it is defined as “the action by which solid or liquid pureesha and malas ie. baddha or abaddha malas etc will be expelled downwards is called Bhedana”6 and it has been taken into Antihepatotoxic activity on the Yakrut vikara like Yakrudalyodara. Here the word Hepatotoxic relates to an agent that damages the liver7.
The dual blood supply, unique to the liver, makes the liver an intermediate filter for most of the venous drainage of the abdominal viscera leading to secondary hepatic involvement in a number of extra hepatic disorders2. So it becomes essential in protection of liver to perform its normal production of hormones, bilirubin, bile salts which are very need for the body1. These effects are related with the concept of Pittasaaraka or Yakruth Uttejaka.
In the lack of effective remedy for severe hepatic disorders, management by herbal plants plays a vital role by Yakruth rechaka drugs like usheera, bala, shatavari, guduchi, chavya, patolapatra etc15.
So a comparative study is undertaken with Tikta patola8,13 and Dugdhapheni9,10,11,13,14 to evaluate its Anti-hepatotoxic effects against Carbon tetrachloride induced hepato toxicity in albino rats.
6.2. Review of Literature:
In order to conduct the above mentioned study on Drugs Tiktapatola and Dugdhapheni a relevant literature will be reviewed and recorded at appropriate places.
Review of Literature includes exhaustive screening of Classical literature regarding the disease and the drug. So it will be dealt in 2 chapters.
Drug review:
A thorough screening of classical Ayurvedic literature like Bruhattrayees, Nighantus like Bhavaprakasha Nighantu, modern ethno botanical and pharmacological literature will be reviewed to generate sufficient literary data for the study of pharmacodynamics, pharmacological actions and Anti hepatotoxic activity of the drugs Tiktapatola and Dugdhapheni.
Disease Review:
To study the normal physiology and pathological conditions of the liver/Yakrut the ancient Ayurvedic literatures and modern medical books also will be reviewed to get the sufficient literary data.
Following books will be reviewed
1) Charaka samhitha3- Shareerasthanam, 7/10
2) Introduction to Kayachikitsa4- A review of concept of Pitta
3) Nighantu Adarsha-Vol 1, Sahadevyadi varga9
4) Bhavaprakasha Nighantu, Pg no 82810.
5) Dravyaguna Hastamalaka, Bhringaraja kula, pg no 30114
6)Sharangadhara samhita, Prathama khanda,4/5-66
7) Indian materia medica, Vol 25.
8) Indian materia medica Vol 18.
9) Raja Nighantu, Parpatadi varga, 98-9911
10) Orient longman, Indian medicinal plants Pg no.328, 24313
11) Davidsons principles and practice of medicine1
12) Harrisons internal medicine Vol 22
13) Stedmans medical dictionary7.
14) Handbook of Research methodology12
15) Aoushadhi Vijnana Shastra, Pg No. 644, 64515
6.3. Objectives of the study
v Detailed analysis of patra of Tikta patola & Moola of Dugdhapheni for pharmacognostic and phytochemical study.
v To experimentally evaluate the Anti hepatotoxic effect of Tikta patola and Dugdhapheni as a comparative study on Carbon tetrachloride induced Hepato toxicity in albino rats by adopting Watanabe and Takita (1973) method12.
v To carry out relevant laboratory investigations like serological (SGOT,SGPT etc), Histopathological analysis to understand specific mode of action of the drugs.
v To provide cost effective and more easily available Anti hepatotoxic effects of the drug.
v To compare and establish the efficacy of the trial drugs Tikta patola and Dugdhapheni as Anti hepatotoxic activity and hepato curative on Carbon tetrachloride induced albino rats.
7. Materials and Methods
7.1. Source of Data
The source of data for the present study can be grouped into the following three;
1) Literary Source
2) Experimental Source
1) Literary Source
A thorough review of the available literature on the drug and the disease such as the Classical texts of Ayurveda, other compendiums, Nighantus will be done.
Data will also be collected from various other books on the field of herbal medicine, periodicals, journals, magazines and papers published in the e-journals etc.
Anti hepatotoxic activity of the drugs Tikta patola and Dugdhapheni will be particularly reviewed according to the various principles of Ayurveda such as Rasa, Guna, Veerya, Vipaka, Panchamahabhoutika siddhanta as per references available.
2) Experimental Source
2.1) Analytical Source : Pharmacognostic & phytochemical screening if individual
& prepared medicine
2.2) Anti hepatotoxic action of kashayas of Tikta patola and Dugdhapheni will be
tested on albino rats.
7.2. Methods of Collection of data (Including sampling procedures if any)
7.2.1 ) Macro & Microscopic studies
7.2.2 ) Phytochemical Investigations / Screening
7.2.3.) Animal Experimentation
Healthy albino rats of either sex will be randomly selected weighing about 150-200
gms and animals will be maintained with standard food and water in experimental lab.
Total 18 albino rats will be divided into 3 groups and each group contains 6 albino rats.
The experimental model suggested by Watanabe and Takita (1973) will be adopted to evaluate Anti hepatotoxic effect of trial drugs.
Duration of the entire experiment is 6 days. The results will be tabulated accordingly and subjected to appropriate students ‘t’ test to evaluate the efficacy of the trial drugs. Dose of the trial drugs will be calculated according to the weight of the animal by using rat dose conversion formula.
Group no / Name of the group / Dose of Ccl4 admn. Dur-1-5th day intraperitoneally / Dose of trial drug admn. Dur-1-5th day orally / Histopathological and Bio chemical analysis done on1 / Control* / - / - / 6th day
2 / Trial drug Tikta patola / 0.1 ml/200gms / 0.86ml/200gms / 6th day
3 / Trial drug Dugdhapheni / 0.1 ml/200gms / 0.86ml/200 gms / 6th day
Note: * Control group- To estimate physiological values of blood and histopathological analysis.
7.3 Does the study require any investigations or interventions to be conducted on patient or other humans or animals? If so please describe briefly.
a) Yes, Parameters that are taken into account are Serum Transaminases, Alkaline phosphates and Serum bilirubin. Albino rats liver samples will be taken out to study their morphology and histology. Histo pathological findings will be scored to get an objective assessment of necrosis, fibrosis, inflammation etc.(Dang.et.al 1987)
7.4 Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution in case of 7.3?
Yes, clearance has been obtained through the ethical committee formulated in the institution.
References
1. Davidson’s principles and practices of medicine, Churchill living stone, An imprint of Elvesier science Ltd, 2002: 834
2. Harrison’s principles of Internal medicine, Vol 2, Mcgraw Hill inc., 12th edi., pp:1301
3. Agnivesha, Charaka Samhitha, Sareerasthana, 7th chapter, 10th sloka, Cakrapanidattas Ayurveda deepika, Trivikrama Yadava Sharma, editors, Choukhamba Sanskrit samsthan, 4th edi., Varanasi.
4. C.Dwarakanatha, Introduction to Kayachikitsa, Chaukhamba orientalia, 3rd edition, Varanasi,1996- pp-211
5. Nadkarni.K,M Indian Materia Medica, Revised by Nadkarni.K.A., Vol II, Popular Prakashan (Pvt) Limited, Tardeo Road, BombayReprint 1995, P-514.
6. Sharangadhara Samhita, Prathama Khanda, 4/5, Pt.Parashuram Shastri Vidyasagar, Krishnadas Academy, Oriental publishers and Distributors, Varanasi, 2000: pp-35
7. Stedman’s medical dictionary, Williams and Wilkins, 428. East preston street, Baltimore, 25th edition: 706 PP
8. Nadkarni.K,M Indian Materia Medica, Revised by Nadkarni.K.A., Vol I, Popular Prakashan (Pvt) Limited, Tardeo Road, BombayReprint 1995, PP-1195-96, 1238-39.
9. Nighantu Adarsha, Vol I, Sahadevyadi Varga, Bapalal G Vaidya, Chaukhamba Vidyabhavan, Varanasi, First edition 1968,PP-783
10. Bhavamishra, Bhavaprakasha Nighantu, Hindi translation by Chunekar.K.C., edited by Pandey.G.S., Chaukambha Bharti Academy, 2006, Varanasi, P.828, 208, 520.
11. Raja Nighantu, Parpatadi varga, Dr.Indradev Tripathi, Chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi, 2006,PP-124
12. Patwardhan Bhushan, Handbook of Research methodology,Published by Nandurkar MD, Budhwar Peth, Pune 58-9
13. Warrier.P.K. Indian Medicinal Plants, A compendium of 500 Species, S. Raghunath Iyer, Orient Longman, 1996, Kottakal, Reprint, Vol V. P.No. 328, 243.
14. Dravyaguna hastamalaka, Bhringaraja kula, Vaidya Banvarilal Mishra, Publication scheme, jaipur, 5th edition, 2005; PP-301.
15. Aoushadi Vijnana Shastra, Sri Vishwanath Dwivedi, Editor Sri Baidyanath Ayurvedha Bhavan Pvt. Ltd. Chaukamba Sanskrit Bhavan, 3rd Edition, Varanasi ; 1986 : Pg. No. 644,645.
9. Signature of the Candidate:
10. Remarks Of the Guide:
11. Names and Designation of Guide
(In Block Letters)
11.1 Guide : PROF. M.VIDYASAGAR M.D.(AYU) (Pbi.U)
Professor& HOD,
Post Graduate Department of Dravya Guna,
A.L.N. Rao Memorial Ayurvedic College,
Koppa – 577126, Chikmagalur District,
Karnataka
11.2. Signature :
11.3. Co-guide (If any) :
11.4. Signature :
11.5. Head of the Department : PROF. M. VIDYASAGAR M.D.(AYU) (Pbi.U)
Professor & HOD,
Post Graduate Department of Dravya Guna,
A.L.N. Rao Memorial Ayurvedic College,
Koppa – 577126, Chikmagalur District,
Karnataka
11.6. Signature :
12.
12.1. Remarks of the Chairman and
Dean :
12.2. Signature :