RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES

KARNATAKA, BANGALORE.

ANNEXURE- II

PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION

1. / Name of the candidate and address ( in block letters ) / DR. V. SUMANTH KUMAR
P. G. STUDENT,
DEPARTMENT OF PROSTHODONTICS,
THE OXFORD DENTAL COLLEGE,
BOMMANAHALLI,
HOSUR ROAD,
BANGALORE- 560068.
2. / Name of the institution / THE OXFORD DENTAL COLLEGE,
HOSPITAL AND RESEARCH CENTER,
BANGALORE- 560068.
3. / Course of the study and subject / MASTER of DENTAL SURGERY,
PROSTHODONTICS INCLUDING CROWN AND BRIDGE AND IMPLANTOLOGY.
4. / Date of admission to course / 29th MAY 2007
5. / Title of the topic:
DENTISTS PERCEPTIONS IN THE SELECTION OF SHADES OF ANTERIOR TEETH AS APPROPRIATE FOR THE PARTICULAR AGE, GENDER AND SKIN TONE OF AN INDIVIDUAL.
6.
/ Brief Resume Of Intended Work
6.1 Need For The Study:
The selection of artificial teeth to replace missing natural teeth is a relatively straight forward procedure when some of the natural anterior teeth remain. However, for the edentulous individual, with no pre-extraction records available, the choice of tooth mould and arrangement is problematic.
Natural teeth are known to possess different shades in their surfaces. Moreover, it has been found that the colour of natural teeth is influenced by many factors. Age is the commonest of these. Light is perhaps one of the most important factors and unfortunately also the most commonly overlooked one. Contrast, for example that imparted by different skin complexions, is yet another factor that may influence the shades of natural teeth.
Dental aesthetics is a highly emotive and subjective area as there is a tendency to err towards personal preferences. Inevitably, these preferences differ from those of others leading to conjecture and discussion and can often be confusing for the undergraduate.
As an aid for undergraduate teaching, in the selection of artificial teeth for the edentulous individual, the development and implementation of a guide/ Proforma could be useful to help the undergraduate particularly when there are no pre-extraction records available.
6.2 Review of literature:
Scott R. Okubo et al, in their study found that, the capability of colorimeters to correctly quantify and match tooth shades to porcelain has not been achieved. Shade selection by visual means is equally inconsistent but will remain as the method of choice until technology can provide not only an accurate but also a practical instrument. A proposed visual shade guide matching test may be a useful method for determining the ability of dental personnel to match shades in dentistry1.
Azad Ali Azad et al, in their study revealed a significant association when either age or gender was correlated with shades of teeth and colour of the skin. It was concluded that both tooth shade and skin colour were strongly related with each other and with the age and gender of the patients. This information can be used effectively for fabrication of more life like dentures2.
P.N. Sellen et al, in their study concluded that there was little consistency in the selection of the shade, mould and arrangement of anterior teeth appropriate for the age and sex of the individual by qualified dental staff. The development and implementation of an aesthetic Proforma to guide dental staff, dental undergraduates and patients through the process of choosing tooth mould, shade and arrangement based on age and sex may be helpful3.
Leila Jahangiri et al, Based on the relationships discovered in this observational study, skin color may be a useful guide for the selection of tooth shade in removable and full mouth reconstructions to achieve a more natural appearance, especially among the elderly and persons with darker skin tones4.
H. Dagg et al, concluded that, light quality was the most critical influencing factor in the selection of correct shades. More accurate results were obtained in ideal light and under these conditions thicker samples gave better results. The experience of the observer was found to be an important factor. The use of shade guides with similar reflectance properties and realistic thickness of porcelain may offer an improved opportunity for more accurate colour matching of restorations5.
6.3 Objectives of the study:
To record the shade of middle third of the labial surface of permanent maxillary central incisor by using a standard shade guide and to investigate the possibility of a relationship between shades of teeth and skin colour on the basis of age and gender of the subjects.
7. / Materials and methods:
7.1 Source of data:
A total of 100 patients(16–55 years) coming to the Department of Prosthodontics, The Oxford Dental College and Hospital for treatment purposes will be selected according to criteria.
7.2 Method of collection of data:
Sample size consists of 100 patients. They are divided on the basis of chronological age into four groups of 25 each. Age groups were Group I- 16-25 yrs; Group II- 26-35 yrs; Group III- 36-45 yrs; Group IV- 46-55 yrs. The shade of the middle third of the labial surface of permanent maxillary left or right central incisor is taken using a standard shade guide. Next, skin tone was matched by using standard skin makeup shades. Skin tone determinations were acquired from back of the hands.
Colour photographs of 8 dentate patients (4 male and 4 female), 2 from either sex, for each age group with closed smile is taken. Fifty dentists were asked to select the most suitable shade of artificial teeth using the same shade guide previously used, for each of the 8 photographs.
7.3 Instuments:
A standard shade guide, standard skin makeup shades, Phillips cool daylight
Energy saver lamp, Sony cyber shot W55 (7.2 mega pixel) digital camera.
7.4 Does the study require any investigation or intervention to be conducted on patients or other humans or animals?
YES.
7.5 Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution?
YES.
8 / LIST OF REFERENCES:
1. Scott R. Okubo, DDS, Ali Kanawati, BA, Mark W. Richards, DDS, MEd, and Steve Childress. Evaluation of visual and instrument shade matching J Prosthet Dent 1998;80:642-8..
2. Azad Ali Azad, Salman Ahmad, Majid Zia, Mubashir Sharif. Relation of age, gender and skin tone to shades of permanent maxillary central incisors. Pakistan Oral & Dental Journal Vol 27, No. 1
3. P.N.Sellen, D.C.Jagger & A.Harrison. The selection of anterior teeth appropriate for the age and sex of the individual. How variable is dental staff in their choice? Journal of oral rehabilitation 2002 29; 853-857.
4. Leila Jahangiri, BDS, DMD, MMSc, Suzanne B. Reinhardt, DMD, Rita V. Mehra, DDS, MSD, and Pamela B. Matheson, PhD. Relationship between tooth shade value and skin color: An observational study J Prosthet Dent 2002;87:149-52
5. H. Dagg, B. O’Connell, N. Claffey, D. Byrne & C. Gorman. The influence of some different factors on the accuracy of shade selection. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 2004 31; 900–904.
9 / Signature of the candidate
10 / Remarks of the guide
11 / Name and designation of
[in block letters]
DR. RAVINDRA C. SAVADI
11.1 Guide
11.2 Signature
11.3 Co-guide
11.4 Signature
DR. RAVINDRA C. SAVADI
11.5 Head of the department
11.6 Signature
12 / 12.1 Remarks of the chairman
and principal
12.2 Signature