RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
BANGALORE, KARNATAKAs
ANNEXURE – II
PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION
1. / NAME OF THE CANDIDATE AND ADDRESS: / A) PERMANENT ADDRESS:VIDYA.PEDDI ,
D/O NARASIMHARAO,
ANANTHARAM
GEESUGONDA
WARANGAL DISTRICT,PIN-506331
ANDHRAPRADESH.
2. / NAME OF THE INSTITUTE: / B) POSTAL ADDRESS:
KRUPANIDHICOLLEGEOFPHARMACY CHIKKA BELLANDUR,
CARMELLARAM POST,
VARTHUR HOBLI,
BANGALORE-560535.
3. / COURSE OF THE STUDY & SUBJECT: / MASTER OF PHARMACY(Pharmaceutical Chemistry)
4. / DATE OF ADMISSION TO THE COURSE: / November - 2010
5. / TITLE OF THE TOPIC:
“ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MAJOR PHYTOCONSTITUENTS FROM ACHYRANTHES ASPERA EXTRACT”.
ACTIVIT
6
6 / BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INTENDED WORK:
6.1 Need of study :
Plants have been one of the important sources of medicines since the beginning of human civilization.There is growing demand for plant based medicines,health products, pharmaceuticals, food supplements, cosmetics etc. The R&D movement in the pharmaceutical sector is focused on development of new drugs, innovative/indigenous processes for known drugs and development of plant-based drugs through investigation of leads from the traditional systems of medicine. Current advancement in drug discovery technology and search for novel chemical diversity have intensified the efforts for exploring lead from “Ayurveda” the traditional system of medicine in India.
ACHYRANTHES ASPERA, Family: Amaranthaceae, it is found throughout tropical Asia, Africa, Australia and America and it grows as wasteland herb every where. It is a shrub that grows up to one meter height; leaves simple, opposite, obovate or elliptic; flowers bracteate and bracteolate, greenish, in spikes; fruits oblong urticle; seeds single, inverse.It is in used as folk medicine. It holds a reputed position as medicinal herb in different systems of medicine in India. According to Ayurveda, it is bitter, pungent, heating, laxative, stomachic, carminative and useful in treatment of vomiting, bronchitis, heart disease1, piles, itching, abdominal pains. It is also used in treatment of asthma2 and as anti lipedimic3, antibacterial4, analgesic6, diuretic9, hepato protective10, anti oxidant11, anti fungal, anti cancer14,anti inflammatory agent12, immuno modulatory agent16 and abortifacient18.Basedonits biological significance here,we propose to isolate major constituents andstudy the structural characterization.
6.2 Objectives of study:
To carry out isolation and characterization of major phyto constituent from Achyranthes aspera.
OBJECTIVES:
· Preparation of extracts from Achyranthes aspera
· To study the TLC of the prepared extracts
· Isolation of phytochemical major from extract of Achyranthes aspera by column chromatography / HPLC etc.
· Identification and characterization of the isolated phytochemical markers from analytical data’s – IR, NMR, LC-MS etc.
6. 3 Review of Literature
· Achyranthes aspera Linn. is used as an emmenagogue,antiarthritic ,purgative, diuretic, antimalarial, oestrogenic, antileprotic, antispasmodic,cardiotonic, antibacterial and antiviral agent1 .
· The whole plant of Achyranthes aspera ethanolic extract found to have protective effect against asthama2.
· The alcoholic extract of this plant showed lowering the levels of total serum cholesterol (TC) and phospholipid (PL),triglyceride (TG) and total lipid (TL) in triton-induced hyperlipidemic rats.The methanolic leaf extract at showed significant lowering of serum lipids such as total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL3.· Acetoxy-6-benzoyloxyapangamide has been isolated from an ethyl acetate extract of the stem of Achyranthes aspera.The structure of the isolated compound was established by modern spectroscopic techniques. The extract was found to show mild antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus1.
· It is reported to contain alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids and terpenoids4.
· Achyranthes aspera root and leaf alcoholic extracts have been reported for analgesic activity.But the leaf extract has shown the maximum analgesic activity5.
· Leaves of Achyranthes aspera ethanolic extract have been reported to have maximum antibacterial activity against five bacterial species such as Corynebacterium sp., S. aureus, Klebsiella sp., Vibrio sp. and Escherichia coli.Hexane and aqueous extracts of A. aspera repoted to have moderate antibacterial activity compared to ethanol extract6.
· A.aspera whole plant methanolic extract have been reported to have protective effect against Nephrotoxicity7.
· Aqueous extract of seeds of A.aspera showed diuretic effect by increasing the renal clearance of sodium,potassium,chloride and bicarbonate8.
· Methanol extract of aerial parts of Achyranthes aspera Linn. was tested for its effect on rifampicin-induced hepatotoxicity. Methanol extract showed dose dependent decrease in the levels of SGPT, SGOT, ALKP and total bilirubin. Results obtained from histopatho logical studies also supported hepatoprotective activity of drug against rifampicin induced hepatotoxicity9.
· The methanol extract of the leaves and roots of Achyranthes aspera Linn.showed antioxidant activity in dose dependent manner. The methanolic extract of root showed potent anti-oxidant activity than methanolic extract of leaves10.
· Volatile oil separated from Achyranthus aspera by hdro distillation. The totalcomposition of the oil was 76.7%. The Achyranthus aspera seed volatile oil showed invitro anti microbial activity against pathogenic bacteria and Fungi11.
· The whole plant of Achyranthes aspera found to have cytotoxic compounds12.
· Achyranthes aspera is a one of the important traditional medicinal plant and it’s ether extract is reported to have anticancer properties13.
· The alcohol extract of roots of Achyranthes aspera showed significant suppressed granuloma formation and showed anti-inflammatory activity against both acute and chronicinflammation114.
· The extract of roots and seeds of Achyranthes aspera Linn. (Amaranthaceae)
was found to have immunostimulatory properties15.
· A simple HPTLC method has been established and validated for determination of oleanolic acid in methanolic extract of Achyranthes aspera L. roots and leaves using Toluene, Ethyl acetate and Formic acid 16.
· Achyranthes aspera Linn is traditionally being used as an abortifacient. Four successive solvent extracts of the root were screened for antifertility activity in female albino rats. The chloroform and ethanol extracts exhibited 100% anti-implantation activity when given orally .Both the extracts exhibited estrogenic activity17.
.
7. MATERIALS AND METHOD:
7.1 Source of Data:
Data would be obtained from literature and related articles from libraries of
Krupanidhi College of Pharmacy, Indian Institute of Science, and various journals
of chemistry.
7.2 Scheme of study:
v Collection of raw materials from GREEN CHEM , Bangalore.
v Preparation of extract from Achyranthes aspera.
v TLC of extract.
v Isolation of phytochemical constituents from the above extract.
v Structural characterisation of isolated compounds by analytical methods.
7.3 Method of characterization:
Characterization of compounds will be performed by using modern analytical techniques like TLC,Melting point, Elemental Analysis, IR, NMR, MASS.
7.4 Does the study require any investigation or intervention to be conducted
on patients or other humans or animals?
NO
7.5 Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution in case of 7.4?
NO
8. LIST OF REFERENCES:
1. Bhoomika RG, Ramesh KG, Anita AM. Phyto-pharmacologyof Achyranthes aspera.PhCog Rev2007;1(1).
2. Bhoomika RG, Shailaja GM, Ravindra GM , et al. Beneficial Effect of Achyranthes apsera Linn. In Toluene-Di-Isocyanate Induced Occupational Asthma in Rats.Global JPharmacol2007;1(1):06-12.
3. Latha B, Reddy I, Ismail S, Vijaya T. Medicinal Plants and Their Derivatives as Potential Source in Treatment of Obesity. Asian J Exp Biol Sci 2010;4:719-27.
4. Aziz Md, Rahman M, Mondal A, Rahman Md, et al. 3-Acetoxy-6-benzoyloxyapangamide from Achyranthes aspera. J Pharm Sci 2005;4(2):113-6.
5. Hemanth K, Dharmendra S, Swatantra KS, Ajay KG. Comparison of Leaf and Root Extract of Achyranthes aspera for Its Analgesic Activity. Der Pharmacia Lettre 2009;1(2):193-8.
6. Geetha K, Narayanan K, Murugesan A. Antimicrobial efficiency of Achyranthes aspera L. against selected pathogenic organisms. J Bio sci Res 2010;1(3):187-90.
7. Jaya kumar T, Sridhar M, Bharath Prasad T, Ilayaraja M et al. Experimental studies of A.aspera(L) preventing nephrotoxicity induced by lead in rats. J health sci2009;55(5):701-8.
8. Hazish J,Riaz A,Faqir H.Evaluation of Diuretic activity of A.aspera (chirchita) in Goats. Pakistan vet j2002;22(3)
9. Bafna AR, Mishra SH. Effect of methanol extract of Achyranthes aspera linn. On rifampicin induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Ars Pharm 2004;45(4):343-351.
10. Jitendra YN, Vitthal ND, Vikas VS,Minal RN, Vilas et.al. In - vitro antioxidant activity of Achyranthes aspera L. J Pharmacy Res 2009;2(9):1402-3
11. RamaMohan RT , Karunakarb B, Vidyasagar G. Seed Volatile Oil Analysis And Invitro Antimicrobial Activity Of Potential Medicinal Herb: Achyranthus Aspera. IJPT 2011;3(1):1860-66
12. Hullatti KK, Uma DM. Activity Guided Isolation of Cytotoxic Compounds from Indian Medicinal Plants Using BSL Bioassay. JCPR 2010;01:16-18.
13. Geetha. P, Narayanan KR,Murugesan AG. Screening the Anti-Cancerous Efficacy of Achyranthes aspera Linn. using Animal Model Swiss Albino Mice. J Biomed Sci and Res 2010;2(4):231-235.
14. Vijaya K, Sankar P, Varatharajan R. Anti-inflammatory activity of roots of Achyranthes aspera. Pharm Biol2009;47(10):973–975.
15. Vasudeva RY, Govinda RD, Babu G, Sunil et.al. Immunomodulatory Activity of Achyranthes aspera on the Elicitation of Antigen-Specific Murine Antibody Response. Pharm Biol 2002;40(3):175–8.
16. Jeetendra YN, Deshmukh VN, Shewale V,Narkhede M R. , Aurangabadkar VM.Quantitation of oleanolic acid in Achyranthes aspera . Roots and leaves extracts by high-performance thin-layer chromatography. IJPRD2009;7.
17. Vasudeva N, Sharma SK, Estrogenic And Pregnancy Interceptory Effects Of Achyranthes Aspera Linn. Root. Afr J Trad CAM 2007;4(1):7-11.
9. Signature of candidate: ( Vidya.Peddi )
10. Remarks of the Guide: “ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MAJOR PHYTOCONSTITUENTS FROM ACHYRANTHES ASPERA EXTRACT”.
To be undertaken by Ms Vidya.Peddi has been discussed and to be worked out under my direction and supervision as the official guide. The work is feasible which can isolate and characterization of chemical constituentsfrom Achyranthes aspera. This work can be Carried out in the research laboratories of Pharmaceutical Chemistry at Krupanidhi College Of Pharmacy Bangalore.
Hence the project is recommended for clearance and approval
11. Name and designation Asst Prof. Mr. Harish Kumar
(in BLOCK LETTERS) of Guide Krupanidhi College of pharmacy
Bangalore-35
11.2 Signature of the guide
.
11.3 Name of the co-guide Rajendran.R
11.4 Head of the department Prof.M.D.KARVEKAR
H.O.D Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
Krupanidhi College of Pharmacy
Bangalore –35.
,
.
11.5 Signature of HOD
11.6 Remarks of the principal:
To be undertaken by Ms.Vidya.Peddi has been discussed and to be worked out under my direction and supervision as the official guide. The work is feasible which can isolate and characterization of chemical constituents from Achyranthes aspera. This work can be Carried out in the research laboratories of Pharmaceutical Chemistry at Krupanidhi College Of Pharmacy Bangalore.
Hence the project is recommended for clearance and approval
11.7 Signature of principal
(Prof. PREMKUMAR.N ) Principal
Chikka Bellandur, Carmelaram Post,
Varthur Hobli,
Bangalore – 560035. Karnataka
.