“Isolation, characterization and standardization of marker compounds for Salacia oblonga roots”

SYNOPSIS FOR

M.PHARMA DISSERTATION

SUBMITTED TO

RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF

HEALTH SCIENCES

KARNATAKA

BY

SHAILENDRA SHARMA

I M.PHARM

Department of Pharmacognosy

AL AMEEN COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

BANGALORE - 560027


RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, KARNATAKA, BANGALORE

ANNEXURE – II

PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION

1. / NAME OF THE CANDIDATE AND ADDRESS / SHAILENDRA SHARMA
569/A 11TH C ROAD, SARADARPURA, JODHPUR, RAJASTHAN- 342003
2. / NAME OF THE INSTITUTION / AL- AMEEN COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
HOSUR ROAD , BANGALORE – 560027
3. / COURSE OF STUDY AND SUBJECT / M. PHARMA - PHARMACOGNOSY
4. / DATE OF ADMISSION / MAY- 2007
5. / TITLE OF TOPIC : -
“Isolation, characterization and standardization of marker compounds for Salacia oblonga roots”
6.0 / BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK
6.1 / NEED FOR STUDY
Salacia oblonga a perennial wild, woody, climbing vine native to India and Sri Lanka.1 Salacia oblonga is a member of the Celastaceae family and is commonly known as ‘‘ponkoranti’’ due to its golden colored root bark. Salacia oblonga has been used for thousands of years in Ayurvedic medicine for its oral treatment of diabetes.1
Salacia Oblonga root inhibits the breakdown of oligosaccharides (disaccharides and trisaccharides) such as sucrose, maltose, etc. into monosaccharides and inhibited the absorption of monosaccharides such as glucose, mannose, etc. in the body, preventing blood sugar levels from rising.2 Extract constituents salacinol, kotalanol, and mangiferin have been characterized as the active ingredients for blood glucose control by inhibition of enzymes involved in glycemic response.3
Extracts of various Salacia species have been shown to inhibit the activity of intestinal α-glucosidases.1 Salacia oblonga, is mainly used as an antidiabetic and antiobesity4 drug which improves postprandial hyperglycemia and cardiac fibrosis in ZDF rats.5, 6, 8 The root bark of Salacia oblonga is also used in gonorrhoea, rheumatism and skin diseases. Root bark is boiled in oil or as decoction or as powder is mainly used for the treatment of rheumatism, gonorrhoea, itches, asthma and ear diseases.7 Salacia oblonga extract is one of the most promising nutraceutical ingredient that decreases glycemia.9
Various works has been done on the Salacia reticulata, which is used for vitiated conditions of vata (one of doshas in ayurveda), diabetes, haemorrhoids, inflammations, leucorrhoea, leprosy, skin diseases, amenorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea, wounds, ulcers, hyperhidrosis, hepatopathy, dyspepsia, flatulence, colic and spermatorrhea10 and marker compounds has already been established. But in the case of Salacia oblonga, least studies have been done and there is an immense interest in its activity and studies on characterization and isolation need to be studied. In order to standardize the procedure, we need to characterize and establish the marker by using differenent chromatographic techniques. In present study, it is proposed to isolate and characterize few marker compounds from the roots of Salacia oblonga for its standardization.
6.2 / REVIEW OF LITERATURE
1.  Flammang et al. shows that Salacia oblonga holds potential as a natural method to mitigate the blood glucose response for people with diabetes by inhibiting the activity of intestinal α-glucosidase.
2.  Salacia oblonga prevents blood sugar level from rising.
http://www.herbscancure.com/salacia.htm/
3.  Flammang et al. studied on genotoxicity testing of a Salacia oblonga extract for evaluation of blood glucose control using standard tests recommended by US FDA for food ingredients and reported as safe and can be administered in genotoxicity assays.
4.  Wolf et al. has been reported safety of hot water extract of Salacia oblonga on male Spargue Dawley rats indicated that there was no toxic effect on blood haematology and histopathology estimation in intestinal α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.
5.  Tom Hsun-Wei Huang et al. suggested that the extract from Salacia oblonga root, an Ayurvedic medicine for diabetes and obesity, improves excess cardiac TG accumulation and inhibited increased cardiac FA oxidation by reducing cardiac FA uptake, thereby modulating cardiac PPAR-α-mediated transcription of FA metabolic genes in diabetic and obese animals.
6.  Jennifer et al. reported that the extract of Salacia oblonga lowered the acute glycemia and insulenemia in patients with type 2 diabetes after a high carbohydrate meal by decreasing the postprandial insulin response.
7.  Syed Ismail et al. studied on Anti-inflammatory activity of root bark powder of Salacia oblonga and leaf powder Azima tetracantha using carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema and cotton pellet granuloma assay. The results indicated that these drugs were able to inhibit the formation of mediators of inflammation.
8.  Hsun-Wei Huang et al. demonstrated that chronic oral administration of the water extract from the root of Salacia oblonga to Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, a genetic model of type 2 diabetes and obesity, lowered plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol (TC) levels, increased plasma high-density lipoprotein levels and reduced the liver contents of triglyceride, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and the ratio of fatty droplets to total tissue. The results indicated that both in vivo and in vitro of Salacia oblonga extract functions as a PPAR-α activator, providing a potential mechanism for improvement of postprandial hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis in diabetes and obesity.
9 Collene et al. studied on effects of a nutritional supplement containing Salacia oblonga extract and insulinogenic amino acids on postprandial glycemia, insulinemia, and breath hydrogen responses in healthy adults.
10. Salacia reticulata is used for vitiated conditions of vata, diabetes, haemorrhoids, inflammations etc.
htt://ww.pssherbexports.in/about.htm#3
6.3 / OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
1.  Collection of Salacia oblonga from diverse sources.
2.  Authentication of Salacia oblonga.
3.  Preparation of extracts based on polarity/ successive solvent extraction.
4.  TLC/HPTLC fingerprints of extracts and identification of major peaks/ spots.
5.  Isolation of phytoconstituents using Column Chromatography.
6.  Elucidation and characterization of compounds using different spectroscopic techniques.
7.  Quantification of isolated compounds using chromatographic techniques.
7.0 / MATERIALS AND METHODS
7.1 / SOURCES OF DATA
1.  Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Information Centre, Bangalore.
2.  Search on MEDLINE, PUBMED, SCIENCE DIRECT etc.
3.  Google search, Yahoo search.
4.  Journals and publications.
PLACE OF WORK:- Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy and other research centers as per need of the project.
7.2 /

METHOD OF COLLECTION OF DATA

1.  Salacia oblonga roots will be collected and authenticated.
2.  Extraction will be done using different solvents.
3.  Pharmacognostical studies of extracts will be performed.
4.  The obtained extracts will be subjected to TLC/HPTLC fingerprinting studies.
5.  The selected and identified extracts will be subjected to phytochemical isolation of few constituents using column chromatography.
6.  Selected fractions (phytoconstituents) will be subjected to structural elucidation and characterization of pure compounds using different spectroscopic techniques.
7.  Standardization of extracts and fractions will be performed using spectroscopic methods /HPTLC method in order to quantify isolated compounds.
7.3 / Does the study require any investigations or interventions to be conducted on patience or other humans or animals? If so please describe briefly.
-No-
7.4 / Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution in case of the above query?
-NOT APPLICABLE-
8.0 / REFERENCES:-
1.  Flammang AM, Erexson GL, Mirwald JM, Henwood SM. Toxicological and cytogenic assessment of a Salacia oblonga extracts in rat a subchronic study. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2007;45:1954-62.
2.  Salacia oblonga prevents blood sugar level from rising,
http://www.herbscancure.com/salacia.htm/ 23-11-2007
3.  Flammang AM, Erexson GL, Mechi MS, Murli H. Genotoxicity testing of a Salacia oblonga extract. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2006; 44: 1868-74.
4.  Wolf BW, Weisbrode SE. Safety evaluation of an extract from Salacia oblonga. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2003;41:867-74.
5.  Tom Hsun-Wei Huang, Gang Peng, George Qianli, Johji Yamahara, Basil D, Reufogalis, Yuhav Li. Salacia oblonga root improves post prandial hyperlipidemia and hepatic stertosis in Zucker diabetic fatty rats: Activation of PPAR-α.Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 2006;210: 225-35.
6.  Williams JA, Choe YS, Noss MJ, Baumgartner CJ. And Mustad VA. Extract of Salacia oblonga lowers acute glycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes.
7.  Ismail TS, Gopalkrishnan S, Begum VH, Elango V. Anti-inflammatory activity of Salacia oblonga and Azima tetracantha Lam. Journal of Ethanopharmacology 1997;56:145-52.
8.  Tom Hsun-Wei Huang, Gang Peng, George Qianli, Johji Yamahara, Basil D, Reufogalis, Yuhav Li. Salacia oblonga root improves cardic lipid metabolism in Zucker diabetic fatty rats: Modulation of cardic PPAR-α-mediated transcription of fatty acid metabolic genes. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 2007;210:78-85.
9.  Collene AL, Hertzler SR, Williams JA, and Wolf BW. Effect of nutritional supplement containing Salacia oblonga extract and insulinogenic amino acids on post prandial, glycemia, insulinemia and breath hydrogen responses in healthy adults. Nutrition 2005;21:848-54.
10. htt://ww.pssherbexports.in/about.htm#3/ 23-11-2007
9. / SIGNATURE OF THE CANDIDATE
10. / REMARKS OF THE GUIDE: / RECOMMENDED FOR RESEARCH AND SUBMISSION OF DISSERTATION
11. / NAME AND DESIGNATION OF THE GUIDE / Dr. MUEEN AHMED K. K.
Department of Pharmacognosy,
Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy,
Bangalore.
11.1. / SIGNATURE
11.2 / CO-GUIDE / Dr. DEEPAK
H.O.D Pharmacognosy,
Natural Remedies,
Veersandra Industrial Estate,
Bangalore.
11.3 / SIGNATURE
11.4 / HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT / Prof.(Mrs.) SALMA KHANAM
Department of Pharmacognosy,
Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy,
Bangalore.
11.5 / SIGNATURE
11.6 / REMARKS OF THE PRINCIPAL / Prof. B.G. SHIVANANDA
Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy,
Hosur road, Bangalore.
11.7 / SIGNATURE