RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, BANGALORE, KARNATAKA.

ANNEXURE-II

PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION

1. / Name of the candidate and address (In block letters)
Permanent Address / :
: / Dr. SANGAMESHWAR.M
1ST YEAR P.G STUDENT
DEPARTMENT OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL PATHOLOGY
NAVODAYA DENTAL COLLEGE&HOSPITAL
RAICHUR-584103.
Dr. SANGAMESHWAR.M
S/O M.VYKUNTAM
H-NO – 11-223
SANJAY GANDHI NAGAR,
SHAPUR NAGAR
IDA JEEDIMETLA, HYDERABAD-500055
2. / Name of the institution / : / NAVODAYA DENTAL COLLEGE & HOSPITAL,
RAICHUR – 584103.
3. / Course of study and subjects / : / MASTER OF DENTAL SURGERY (ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL PATHOLOGY)
4. / Date of admission to the course / : / APR 2011
5. / Title of the topic / : / comparison of cheiloscopy and RUGoscopy in KARNATAKA, kerala and manipuri population.
6. / Brief Resume of the Intended Work
6.1 / Need for the study:
Human identification is one of the most challenging subjects that man has been confronted with. Dental records, fingerprints and DNA comparisons are probably the most common techniques used in this context, allowing fast and reliable identification process. However, under certain circumstances they cannot be used hence, it is necessary to apply different and less known techniques such as cheiloscopy and rugoscopy1.
The theory of uniqueness is a strong point used in the analysis of fingerprints and bite marks to convince the court of law. Likewise, even lip prints and palatal rugae patterns are considered to be unique to an individual and hence hold the potential for identification1.
The rugae are well protected by the lips, buccal pad of fat and teeth and hence, survive postmortem insults2. They are considered to be unique and stable throughout life. In addition, rugae pattern may be specific to racial groups3.
Lip prints are unique to an individual and are applicable mostly in identifying the living4. Since lip prints are usually left at crime scenes they can provide direct link to the suspect5.
Thus the present study aims to use the lip prints and palatal rugae pattern in individual and population identification in Karnataka, Kerala and Manipuri subjects.
6.2 / Review of literature
English WR et al (1988) conducted a study to determine if palatal rugae are unique identifiers. 25 orthodontic cases were selected with pre and post treatment casts. At the end of the study each of the 25 pre orthodontic casts were properly matched with the post orthodontic casts. This indicated that palatal rugae were unique to individuals6.
EL-Fotoh MM et al (1998) conducted a study to describe, record, and classify the palatal rugae pattern in the Egyptian population. They found that rugae pattern was absolutely unique to an individual and could be used for identification7.
Shwetha KS et al (2005) has done a study to determine the differences in the rugae pattern in two ethnic groups namely, Mysoreans and Tibetans. This study concluded that the differences in palatal rugae pattern between the groups were subtle but definite and indicates that the genes have originated from different quarters8.
Preethi S et al (2009) conducted a study to determine the gender of an individual using lip prints and concluded that lip prints are unique to an individual and behold the potential for recognition of the gender of an individual9.
Saraswathi T.R et al (2009) conducted a study to analyze the lip prints of different individual in different parts of the lip and to find out the incidence of any particular pattern in given age group. They concluded that intersecting pattern was most common in both males and females and the least common was reticular pattern10.
Preethi S et al (2009) conducted a study to compare the reliability of lip prints and palatal rugae pattern in human identification and concluded that palatal rugae and lip prints are unique to every individual1.
6.3 / Aims & Objectives of the study
1)  To determine the number and pattern of palatal rugae and to analyze the variations in lip prints in Karnataka, Kerala and Manipuri population.
2)  To determine the uniqueness of palatine rugae pattern and lip prints in an individual.
3)  To compare the reliability of lip prints and palatal rugae pattern in Karnataka, Kerala and Manipuri population.
7. / Materials and methods
7.1 / Source of Data:
The present study involves the Karnataka, Kerala and Manipuri students who are studying in the Navodaya Educational Institutions, Raichur.
7.2 / Methods of collection of Data (including sampling procedure, if any)
Study design: Cross sectional study.
Sample size: A total number of 180 individuals including 60 Karnataka, 60 Kerala and 60 Manipuri subjects (30 males and 30 females in each population) of age group ranging 18-23 years were taken for the study.
Method of study: To record palatal rugae: Alginate impressions of the maxillary arch will be made and poured with dental stone. A dental plaster base is made and casts are preserved for interpretation. The outlines of the rugae are traced on these casts using a sharp graphite pencil under adequate light. The palatal rugae pattern is then analyzed on these casts with the help of magnifying lens for length, shape, direction and unification using the classification given by Thomas and Kotze (1983) et al8.
To record lip prints: A dark coloured lipstick is applied with a single stroke, evenly on the vermillion border of lips and then asked to rub both the lips to evenly spread the applied lipstick. After about 2 minutes, a lip impression is made on a strip of cellophane tape on the glued portion, which was then stuck on to a white bond paper. The impression is subsequently visualized by using the magnified lens for number of lines and furrows present, their length, branching and combinations. The classification of patterns of the lines on the lips proposed by Tsuchihashi (1970) et al. will be used and the gender of the individual will be determined by classification proposed by Vahanwala (2000) et al1.
Inclusion Criteria:
1.  The subjects include healthy individuals of Karnataka, Kerala and Manipuri population.
Exclusion Criteria:
1. The subjects with congenital abnormalities.
2. The subjects with inflammation and trauma or any other abnormalities
involving the palate and lips.
3. The subjects undergoing orthodontic treatment.
Plan for statistical analysis:
Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, proportion will be used. For comparison between groups Z-test and other appropriate statistical tests will be used. A two tailed P-value less than 0.05 will be considered as significant and 0.01 as highly significant.
7.3 / Does the Study require any investigation or intervention to be conducted on
Patients or other humans or animals? If so, please describe briefly.
Yes, the study needs to be conducted on patients. Lip prints are recorded by using lipstick and maxillary casts are made using alginate impression material and duplicated with dental stone for palatal rugae analysis.
7.4 / Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution in case of 7.3?
Yes.
8. / List of references:
1.  Preeti Sharma, Susmita Saxena, Vanita Rathod. Comparative reliability of cheiloscopy and palatoscopy in human identification. Indian J Dent Res 2009; 20(4): 453-457.
2.  Preethi Nayak, Ashith B.Acharya, A.T. Padmini, H.Kaveri. Differences in the palatal rugae shape in two populations of India. Archieves of Oral Biology 2007; 52: 977-982.
3.  Kapali S, Townsend G, Richard’s L, Paris T. Palatal rugae pattern in Australian aborigines and Caucasians. Aust Dent J 1997; 42(2): 129-33.
4.  Shailesh M Gondvikar, Atul Indurkar, Shiresh Degvekar. Cheiloscopy for sex determination. J of Forensic Dent Sci 2009; 1(2): 56-60.
5.  Caldas IM, Magalhaes T, Afonso A. Establishing identity using cheiloscopy and palatoscopy. Forensic Sci Int 2007; 165: 1-9.
6.  English WR, Summit JB, Oesterle LJ, Branon RB, Morlang WM. Individuality of human palatal rugae. J Forensic Sci 1988; 33: 718-726.
7.  El-Fotoh MM and El-Sharkawy GZH. A study of palatal rugae pattern (rugoscopy) in an Egyptian population. Egypt Dent J 1998; 44: 3177-84.
8.  Shetty SK, Kalia S, Patil K, Mahima VG. Palatal rugae pattern in Mysorean and Tibetan populations. Indian J Dent Res 2005; 16: 51-5.
9.  Preeti Sharma, Susmita Saxena, Vanita Rathod. Cheioloscopy: The study of lip prints in sex identification. J of Forensic Dent Sci 2009;1(1): 24-27.
10.  Saraswathi TR, Gowri Mishra, Ranganathan K. Study of lip prints. J of Forensic Dent Sci 2009;1(1):28-31.