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QUOTE REQUESTED BY:<Company Name>

<Location>

Bathymetric LiDAR Acquisition

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Request for Quote No: <Quote Number>

Date issued: <Date>

Requested by:<Contract Manager>

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Preface

Digital elevation data which describes Australia’s landforms and seabed is crucial for addressing issues relating to the impacts of climate change, disaster management, water security, environmental management, urban planning and infrastructure design. In recent years dramatic developments in LiDAR technology and industry capabilities have revolutionised our ability to address these issues at the local level. However, inconsistent and diverse product specifications, and variable data quality are often making it difficult to integrate datasets to address regional, state and national issues. In order to optimise investment and the utility of both existing and future data collections there is a need for a national base specification which defines a consistent set of minimum products which ensure compatibility across projects and States.

In late 2008, the Australian Intergovernmental Committee for Surveying and Mapping (ICSM) Elevation Working Group released Version 1.0 of the Guidelines for Digital Elevation Data (topographic) acquisition. In late 2012, the ICSM Bathymetry Working Group released Version 1.0 of the Guidelines for Digital Bathymetry Data acquisition. The intent of these specifications and tender templates is to further improve on the quality, consistency, utility and compatibility of data being captured by government and commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) products increasingly being offered by the private sector. Moreover, the specifications and tender template provide opportunities for greater collaborative investment across all levels of government, and capacity to reduce tender and compliance costs for investors and providers.

Use of these specifications will also ensure that primary LiDAR point cloud data and derived products can be easily integrated and ingested into the National Elevation Framework Data Portal (NEDF-Portal), providing increased discoverability and access to the broader user community.

The specifications have drawn on recent experience across all levels of Australian government, consultation with LiDAR data providers, and the U.S. Center for LiDAR Information, Coordination and Knowledge (CLICK). They provide a minimum base specification and are not intended to limit development of more specialised products. Nor are they intended to inhibit industry development and innovation. We therefore encourage interested users, investors, researchers and suppliers to contribute to ongoing development. If you wish to make a submission aimed at improving this document or require technical support, please email . For further related information please visit the following sites:

Bathymetric LiDAR Acquisition for the <Location> – <Month> <Year>

<LOGO> / 1.1<Location>
Bathymetric LiDAR Acquisition

Contents

2Project Brief

3General Project Requirements

4Project Details and Timeframe

5Project Area

6Product Summary of Key Deliverables

7General Bathymetric LiDAR Specifications

8LiDAR Point Cloud Specifications

9Bathymetric LiDAR Derivative Data Specifications

10Data Supply Specifications

11Project Planning and Reporting Specifications

12Bathymetric LiDAR Quality Assurance Specifications

Attachment A – Project Area Maps and Available Geodetic Control Points

Attachment C – NEDF Metadata Specifications

Attachment D - Submission of Quotation

Attachment E - Quotation Template

Attachment F - Ownership/licensing of Foreground Intellectual Property

Attachment G – Statement of Compliance

2Project Brief

Provide an overview of the background to the project and the project objectives.

3General Project Requirements

Provide a summary of the required project deliverables and any specific issues that must be addressed in the project.

4Project Details and Timeframe

Provide a summary of the overall project timeframes and specific milestone dates. This should include dates relating to the Tender process, data acquisition, product delivery and reporting. Any requirements for any staged delivery of services and products should also be specified.

Lodgement of the tender by email (20 MB LIMIT) or received by post by <Time and Date>. <Company Name>reserves the right to not accept any tender lodged after the closing date. Direct any further enquiries or questions to <Contract Manager>.

Email: <Contact E-mail>

Phone:<Contact Phone>

Post: <Contract Manager>

<Contract Manager Title

<Address>
The following timeline for the project is required:

Issue of Tender: / <Date>
Tender Closing: / <Date>
Award of Tender: / <Date>
Data Acquisition: / <Date> - <Date>
Final delivery of data and derived products, including reports: / <Date>

5Project Area

Provide an overview map of the project area and any detailed maps or diagrams as an attachment. Describe the overall characteristics (biophysical, cultural, climatic, etc) which may affect data acquisition, processing or validation. For example, the nature of the bathymetry, vegetation that may impact on responses, access for validation. Provide a digital file in shapefile format depicting the extent of the project and other relevant features.

6Product Summary of Key Deliverables

Product Types / Key Deliverables / Format / Resolution / Product Specification Notes
Bathymetric LiDAR
Delivery date for the unclassified LAS product by <Date>.
Delivery date for the classified LAS and DEM products by <Date>.
All other datasets at project completion. / -Unclassified LiDAR points
-Classified LiDAR points
-LiDAR reflectivity
Tiles and mosaic
-Digital Elevation model (DEM)
-Contours
-Aerial Photography
Mosaic / LAS
LAS
ECW (mos)
Geotiff (tiles)
ESRI Grid
ESRI Shape
ECW (mos.)
Geotiff (tiles) / -
Ancillary Information / -Flight trajectories
-Tidal data
-Survey marks
-Coverage Tiles / ESRI Shape
Excel (xls)
ESRI Shape
ESRI Shape / -
Delivery Date
Project Reports
Delivery date for all productsand project completion by <Date>. / -Project plan
-Pre-survey QA plan
-Post-survey SA report
-Progress reports
-Data delivery reports
-Final project report including maps / Word (doc)
Word (doc)
Word (doc)
Word (doc)
Word (doc)
Word (doc) / Ten days post quote acceptance
Before survey commencement
Before product generation
Weekly throughout project
Attached to every delivery
At conclusion of project
Metadata / -Metadata statements / XML / Attached to every data delivery

7General Bathymetric LiDAR Specifications

General Guidelines / Description
1 / Extent / Description of the survey area with reference to detailed diagram(s) provided as Attachment A and available in digital (shape file) format. The defined survey area should be buffered by a minimum of 100m.
2 / Date of Capture /
  1. LiDAR: specific capture window requirements.
  2. Field Data: specific requirements relative to LiDAR acquisition.

3 / Delivery Dates / Tender process, data acquisition, product delivery and reporting. Any requirements for any staged delivery of services and products should also be specified.
The tenderer must provide realistic timeframes with appropriate justifications if the final date is altered.
4 / Gap Minimisation / Where possible, the provider should collect data during periods of low turbidity eg. calm weather and low swell.
If feasible, gaps shall be filled by re-flying under different conditions. The provider should exercise judgement when considering 200% coverage* or re-flying at a later date to achieve adequate coverage.
The re-fly allowance needs to be indicated for each survey area in the tender response.
*200% coverage is defined as half the standard flight line separation
5 / Coverage / For the off-shore coverage assessment the provider will ensure that a minimum of XX% of all off-shore 100m x 100m tiles have a minimum coverage of XXXsoundings for each of the survey areas. The appropriate re-fly allowance should be made to satisfy this requirement.
Where a 5m resolution is used, 100% coverage represents at least 400 soundings per hectare (100 x100m) tile. Tiles intersecting the land and survey boundary are removed for assessment purposes.
If the provider is unable to meet this requirement for each survey area sufficient evidence for the whole of the survey period in the form of “no bottom detection” soundings, photography, swell or other factors shall be supplied in the project report as a justification for not meeting the requirement.
6 / Fundamental Bathymetric LiDAR Spatial Accuracy Requirements / The fundamental spatial accuracy of the offshore component of the bathymetric survey must conform to the <IHO Order 1B>standard as published in the Standards for Hydrographic Surveys, Special Publication No. 44. February 2008 Ed 5.
Onshore the fundamental spatial accuracy of the survey must conform to the following standard:
  1. Fundamental Vertical Accuracy (FVA)
  2. <= ±25cm. 95% confidence interval (1.96 x RMSE)
  3. Fundamental Horizontal Accuracy (FHA)
  4. <= ±2.0m. 95% confidence interval (1.73 x RMSE)
The tender response should outline the proposed methodology to confirm that these project specifications have been met. Project metadata must include results of accuracy testing.
7 / Object Detection Requirements / Object detection requirements can be altered. Typically, IHO Order 1B is used which does not require object detection. If object detection is required the point spacing will need to be less than 4x4m depending upon the LiDAR sensor.
Object detection is not required as the survey is to <IHO Order 1B>standard as published in the Standards for Hydrographic Surveys, Special Publication No. 44. February 2008 Ed 5.
8 / Horizontal Datum / The Geocentric Datum of Australia 1994 (GDA94).
9 / Map Projection / The coordinate system for all deliverables is the Map Grid of Australia (MGA).
10 / Vertical Datum / Orthometric:
All deliverables specified below as orthometric will be referenced to the Australian Height Datum (AHD) – as determined by the published heights of local survey control marks within or adjacent to the project extent.
Ellipsoid:
All deliverables specified below as ellipsoidal will be in terms of the GDA94 reference frame. The source of the ellipsoidal height control shall be explained in the ‘Post-Survey Spatial Accuracy Report’.
Tidal:
All deliverables specified below as tidal referenced will be referenced to the lowest astronomical tide (LAT) – as determined by the published heights at local tide gauges within or adjacent to the project extent.
11 / Survey Control /
  1. All survey control data used or derived from this contract must be supplied to ensure independent Quality Assurance (QA) of the survey operations, and for possible inclusion in the State’s survey control infrastructure. It is therefore essential that all primary ground stations are permanently marked in accordance with the appropriate State system.
  2. The primary ground control and check point surveys must be referenced to the local datum specified above comprising State survey control marks with “established” GDA94 coordinates and/or “accurate AHD” heights as defined in the relevant State Surveying regulation.
  3. Survey to establish new primary control shall use techniques to achieve a minimum standard of:
  4. Horizontal: Class B
  5. Vertical: Class B or LD.
As described in the ICSM Standards and Practices for Control Surveys (SP1) Version 1.7.
  1. The survey control needs to be outlined in the tender response and in more detail in the Pre-Survey QA Plan. The tide management will form part of the survey control.
  2. The analysed differences with overlapping topographic LiDAR and the survey integration points should form part of the control. Areas which will be tested for differences should be highlighted in the pre-survey QA plan.
Elevation data must be validated and corrected for systematic errors to ensure accuracy specifications are met. Documentation must describe how this has been achieved. Refer to the Quality Assurance Section for specific deliverables in relation to this topic.
12 / Tide and Turbidity Management / The tender response and Pre-Survey QA Plan are to include a tide and turbidity management plan. The final project report is to include as a minimum for the survey:
  1. Tide Model Diagram
  2. Tide Station Details (position, LAT / MSL difference, status (observer / monitor / dummy))
  3. Prediction Constituents
  4. All observed tides
  5. Observed and predicted turbid areas
If the survey technique does not require the recording and derivation of the above tidal information. An explanation must be provided on the survey technique and which of the above attributes were and were not required for the survey.
13 / Benchmark Survey / The benchmark areas are flown to confirm the bathymetric LiDAR system performance and to provide data which will enable the appropriate quality assurance.
A benchmark is a small area surveyed as part of a calibration procedure and repeat surveys should be undertaken to randomise systematic errors. Off-shore benchmark areas should be in areas of smooth seabed with no more than one metre change in depth across the benchmark. If required, on-shore benchmark (lake, river and estuary) areas should be chosen strategically depending upon the terrain and turbidity conditions. The on-shore benchmark area should give an insight into the overall turbidity within the on-shore survey area.
Independent of a main benchmark a sub surface feature (shoal) should be identified as early in the survey as is practical and used to verify sounding repeatability and accuracy in both the horizontal and vertical dimension.
The feature benchmarks should be re-flown regularly during the survey. The least depths and positions of the features shall be analysed to confirm the repeatability and accuracy of the survey.
If the survey includes an on-shore component, part of the benchmark survey needs to include a survey line in the rivers and estuaries so that the turbidity can be monitored and an appropriate time can be chosen for the estuary and river survey. The daily monitoring of coverage over the benchmark lines should be assessed in real-time for decision-making and reporting. Depending upon the daily survey operations different benchmark surveys can be flown at the start of operations. All benchmark survey lines should be identified within the tender response. Within the first day of successful operations all benchmark surveys must be flown. The results/success of penetration within the benchmark survey over on-shore areas must be included in the progress report during acquisition.
14 / Bathymetric LiDAR Sensor Requirements / The bathymetric LiDAR sensor must be capable of:
  1. detecting the seafloor to depths of at least 40m.
  2. recording the backscatter from each pulse.

15 / Collection Requirements / The survey design must plan on a sounding density of <XxXm>, which will require at least 1 valid sounding in each <Xm x Xm> bin. A higher sounding density option may be presented.
Flight line overlap must be 10% or greater. The relative vertical accuracy of adjacent flight lines must be within ± 5cm @ 95% confidence interval
Crosslines are to be flown to determine tidal and datum issues across the survey areas. Crossline comparison statistics are to be reported in the Post-Survey Spatial Accuracy Report.
16 / Environmental Condition for Data Capture / Where possible environmental conditions should reflect the gap minimisation principle.The provider should collect data during periods of low turbidity eg. calm weather, low river discharge and low swell. The survey should be cloud and fog free between the aircraft and the ground.
The primary data product is the bathymetry with any optional products including aerial imagery having less priority in survey timing. If the optional products are included within the final project scope the weather should be taken into account, but not at the expense of the primary objectives or timeframes.
Estuaries and Rivers
Pre-mobilisation secchi depths and/or transmissometer observations and bottom sampling shall be obtained for the estuaries, lakes and rivers. Turbidity observations shall be conducted at fortnightly intervals during the acquisition window and shall take account of different conditions and changes in the riverbed. Repeat observations at different states of the tide (annotating results accordingly) can be used.
The bathymetry for the rivers/estuaries/lakes needs to be surveyed during times of low turbidity. On days when the bathymetry is collected within the rivers/estuaries/lakes turbidity observations need to be taken on the ground. The turbidity observations and bottom sampling need to be included in the final project report and correlated against the final coverage.
In addition to on ground observations, a section of the rivers, lakes and estuaries needs to be included in the benchmark survey so that an appropriate time can be chosen for the data capture (see 12 - Benchmark Survey for more details).
17 / Optional Products / Aerial Photography
  1. The aerial photography should be metric digital and coincident with the bathymetric LiDAR.
  2. The collection of aerial photography will be secondary to the collection of LiDAR data. Whilst the atmospheric conditions should take into account the quality of the aerial photography it should not do so at the expense of LiDAR capture.
  3. The aerial photography should be supplied as an ECW mosaic for the full extent of data acquired and as geotiff tiles using the same tile index used for the LiDAR delivery.
  4. The RFQ response should identify the achievable image resolution based on the flying height required to meet LiDAR acquisition specifications. A resolution better than 50cm is required.
  5. The spectral range of the imagery should be three band: R,G,B.
  6. The aerial photography should be corrected using a georeferenced solution. The accuracies for a georeferenced product are considered “relaxed” in relation to fully orthorectified products (see spatial accuracy below). The rectification process may not necessarily follow a complete orthorectification process work flow, however, providers should clearly outline the processing steps in their proposal, including the use of control and camera corrections.
  7. The spatial accuracy of the aerial photography should be ±4 x GSD RMSE (1 sigma or 68%).
  8. There should be no gaps between imagery from adjacent flight lines.
  9. Colour balancing and colour matching between frames is not expected.
  10. Contrast and brightness adjustment of each image is not expected.
  11. Frame selection should minimise noticeable exposure patches, vertical height displacement and seam lines between ground features.
  12. For all image products, ensure the data values are set to the range of 0-255, with the value 0 or 255 reserved for null image data.
  13. The inclusion of aerial photography within the scope of the project will depend on cost and impact on the LiDAR. The RFQ response should include any potential impact on the LiDAR collection.
  14. If, after collection, the photography is affected by significant cloud the contracting authority may remove the product from the scope of the project. Therefore, the costs need to be split between collection and supply.

8LiDAR Point Cloud Specifications