Quarter 4: MCAS Review

Name: ______Date: ______

Quarter 4: MCAS Review

1) Thermal energy is added to four identical 1.0 kg samples of water at room temperature. Which of the following increases in each sample?

A. average charge of an electron

B. average density of a nucleus

C. average mass of a proton

D. average speed of a molecule

2) When one end of a short metal bar is heated, the opposite end will eventually become hot. Which of the following processes transfers the heat through the bar?

A. condensation

B. conduction

C. convection

D. radiation

3) Two identical beakers each contain 250 mL of water. The temperature of the water is 85°C in one beaker and 15°C in the other beaker. A drop of red food coloring is placed in each beaker at the same time. During the first minute, which of the following is most likely to happen?

A. The food coloring will spread out faster in the 85°C water than in the 15°C water.

B. The food coloring will form a layer at the top of each beaker since it does not mix with water.

C. The food coloring will spread only halfway through the water in each beaker due to convection currents.

D. The food coloring will settle faster at the bottom of the beaker containing 85°C water than at the bottom of the beaker containing 15°C water.

4) If heat is added to a liquid, which of the following occurs?

A. The friction in the liquid increases.

B. The size of the liquid molecules expands.

C. The potential energy of the liquid changes.

D. The molecular motion in the liquid increases.

5) The masses and specific heats of some samples of liquids are shown in the table below.

The temperature of which sample will rise most when 1000 J of heat is added?

A. water

B. glycerin

C. methanol

D. cooking oil

6) To make ice, water must first be cooled. The specific heat of water is 4,186 J/kg • °C.

Approximately how much heat must be removed from 0.50 kg of water to change its temperature from 24°C to 5°C?

A. 0 J

B. 19,900 J

C. 39,800 J

D. 79,500 J

7) Which of the following is the best example of heat transfer by convection?

8) A large spring is stretched horizontally between two people. One person wiggles the spring up and down at one end. The up-and-down vibration then moves along the spring to the other person.

Which of the following types of wave is created in the spring?

A.pressure wave

B.transverse wave

C.longitudinal wave

D.nonmechanical wave

9) To locate objects in their environments, bats in flight and porpoises under water both use ultrasound waves with frequencies that are beyond human hearing. These animals produce an ultrasonic wave and then detect echoes from nearby objects.

If a porpoise and a bat both produce ultrasonic waves when they are 16 m from an object, which animal would hear its echo first and why?

A.The bat would hear its echo first because sound travels faster in air than in water.

B.The porpoise would hear its echo first because sound travels faster in water than in air.

C.The bat would hear its echo first because the amplitude of sound waves is greater in air than in water.

D.The porpoise would hear its echo first because the amplitude of sound waves is greater in water than in air.

10) Which of the following observations is a result of the Doppler effect?

A.Noise from across a lake is louder at night than during the day.

B.A person walking notices that the pitch of a car’s engine decreases as the car passes by.

C.Beats are produced when two tuning forks with different frequencies are heard together.

D.A person hears the sound from a radio more clearly in certain areas of a room than in others.

11) Electromagnetic waves of various frequencies reach Earth from distant parts of the universe. Which of the following can be inferred from this?

A.The wavelengths must be very short.

B.A single material must fill all of space.

C.These waves can travel without a medium.

D.The speed of these waves is 300,000,000 m/s.

12) The speed of sound in a particular gas is 900 m/s. A sound wave propagating in this material has a wavelength of 15 m. What is the frequency of this sound?

A.30 Hz

B.60 Hz

C.6,800 Hz

D.13,500 Hz

13) The diagram below shows a light ray striking a plane mirror surface at an angle of 40° to the normal.

Which of the following diagrams shows the ray that is reflected from the plane mirror surface?

A. B. C.D.

14) Which of the following is an example of a nonharmonic motion?

A.particles colliding with one another

B.a pendulum swaying back and forth

C.a child bouncing up and down on a large spring

D.waves created on the surface of a glass of water during an earthquake

15) Which of the following is an example of an electromagnetic wave?

A.a radio wave

B.a water wave

C.the oscillation of a spring

D.the vibration of a violin string

16) A sound wave can be transmitted through all of the following except

A.a gas.

B.a liquid.

C.a solid.

D.a vacuum.

17) Which of the following statements applies to a longitudinal wave?

A.The motion of the medium is random.

B.The motion of the medium is in a circular pattern.

C.The motion of the medium is parallel to the motion of the wave.

D.The motion of the medium is perpendicular to the motion of the wave.

18) A student standing on the edge of a swimming pool sees a painted mark on the bottom of the pool. The mark appears to be at a shallower depth than the actual depth of the pool. Which of the following descriptions of light waves best explains this observation?

A.Light from the mark travels through the water in a curved path.

B.Light from the mark is refracted as it travels from the water to the air.

C.Light from the mark is reflected as it travels from the water to the air.

D.Light from the mark bounces off the boundary between the water and the air.

19) The drawing below shows two students holding the ends of a spring that has a ribbon attached to it.

a.Draw and explain how a transverse wave will move along the spring.

b.Draw and explain how the ribbon will move when a transverse wave is sent along the spring.

c.Draw and explain how a longitudinal wave will move along the spring.

d.Draw and explain how the ribbon will move when a longitudinal wave is sent along the spring.

20) The diagram below represents a saucepan on a hot plate.

The saucepan is partially filled with water and the hot plate is turned on. After some time, the air at point X above the pan becomes hot.

a. Explain how heat is transferred from the hot plate to the base of the saucepan.

b. Explain how heat is transferred from the base of the saucepan to all of the water in the saucepan.

c. Explain how heat is transferred from the hot water to the air at point X.