Quarter 2 Geology Review

Minerals

  1. What mineral property is the least reliable when identifying minerals?Color
  2. What is luster? How light reflects off a mineral
  3. What is streak? The true color of a mineral
  4. How are cleavage and fracture different? Cleavage is breakage along a flat crystal surface, fracture is a random break in any direction.
  5. What is hardness? The resistance of a mineral to being scratched.
  6. What’s the hardness of the following testing materials:

Fingernail 2.5Copper 3Glass 5.5 Steel6.5

Use the table for questions 7-9.

7
  1. You observe a mineral yellow/ brown mineral that has 6 sided cleavage. What mineral on the chart could it be? Sphalerite
  2. What is the hardest mineral on the chart?Limonite
  3. Which of the minerals on the chart would scratch glass? Limonite (maybe) or none
  4. What is a naturally occurring crystalline solidwith a definite chemical composition? A Mineral

Igneous Rocks

  1. Igneous rocks are rocks made from what? Crystallized magma or lava
  1. Coarse grained igneous rocks have what size crystals? Large
  1. Fined grained igneous rocks have what size crystals? Small
  1. Glassy igneous rocks have what size crystals? Microscopic
  1. Texture of igneous rocks is related to what? Crystal Size
  1. Mafic rocks tend to be what color? Dark (Black, dark green)
  1. Felsic rocks tend to be what color? Light (Pink, White, Cream)
  2. Intrusive rocks have large crystals, so they must have cooled? Slowly
  3. Extrusive rocks have small or microscopic crystals, so they must have cooled? Quickly
  1. What is the difference between magma and lava? Lava is liquid rock on the surface of the earth, Magma is liquid rock beneath the earth’s surface.

Plate Tectonics

  1. Name the layers of the earth. Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core
  1. Which layers are made of rock? Crust, Mantle Solid metal? Inner Core Liquid metal? Outer core
  1. What layer is a semi-solid or rock paste? Mantle
  1. What’s the difference between the lithosphere and asthenosphere? Lithosphere is the crust and solid top part of the mantle. Asthenosphere is the lower part of the mantle that is semi-solid.
  1. Why do plates move? Heat from the core heats the lower mantle causing a convection current to rise and split the crust.
  1. How do plates move at divergent boundaries? Apart Convergent? Towards Transform? Past
  1. What landforms are created by plate motion? Mountains, rift valleys, mid ocean ridges, ocean trenches, volcanic island arcs, volcanoes
  1. What is subduction? One plate being pushed under another
  2. What is a fault? A crack or break in rock where movement has occurred.
  3. What is an earthquake? The shaking that occurs when rocks crack, break and move.
  4. What do scientists use to figure out what the layers of the earth are made of? They look at the way seismic waves bend, change speed, reflect or get blocked by earth’s layers.
  5. How does magma type affect how dangerous a volcano is? The more felsic, the more dangerous.
  6. How does magma type affect the shape of a volcano? Felsic creates steep sided volcanoes because it is sticky and doesn’t flow easily, Mafic creates wider, more dome shaped volcanoes because it is runny.
  7. Most dangerous volcano: Composite Least dangerous: Shield