Protein and Nucleic Acid worksheet

1. Draw one amino acid. Label the amino group, the carboxy group, the alpha carbon.

2. Explain the four level of protein structure and draw a picture to illustrate it.

Protein structure / Explanation/ includes / Bonds that hold it together / drawing
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary

3. How does the characteristics of an amino acid (polar, non polar, acidic, basic) relate to the issue of tertiary and quaternary structure?

4. Draw a dipeptide and indicate the location of the peptide bond. Use R1 and R2 to indicate the R groups.

5. Indicate the level of protein structure (1, 2, 3, and/or 4) described in each of the following:

______helix and pleated sheets______collagen and hemoglobin

______determined by the sequence of DNA bases______form stabilized hydrogen bonds

______form stabilized hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, hydrophobic interactions and disulfide bridges

______globular proteins_____ interactions among several polypeptide chains

______many enzymes______regular, repeated folding of the peptide chain

______sequence of amino acids in a protein_____ the linear sequence of amino acids in the protein

______not present in all proteins ____caused by interactions between nonadjacent R groups

______caused by interactions between polar regions of the C-N backbone

______lost in the process of denaturation

6. What is an enzyme? What is its general function?

7. What does denaturation mean?

8. Explain how a protein is denatured in high temperatures.

9. Explain how a protein is denatured when pH is increase or decreases

10. Use the drawing below to answer the questions that follow:

/
  1. What level of protein structure is shown in this picture? ______

  1. Match the following tiht the correct letter from the diagram

_____  helix
_____ disulfide bridge
_____ hydrogen bonding
_____hydrophobic interactions
_ ____ ionic bond

Use the diagram below to answer the questions that follow:

11 What are the reactants? ______

12 What are the products? ______

13 What chemical process (reaction) occurred in order to create the product? ______

14 circle the peptide bonds? How many are present? ______

15 How many water molecules are produced in order to form the peptide bonds?______

16 If a protein contained 200 peptide bonds, how many molecules of water to you suppose would be required to break it down into its component amino acids? ______

17 What is the ratio of molecules of water to the number of peptide bonds?______

18 How can you quickly calculate the amount of water produced and the amount of peptide bonds made if given the number of starting amino acids? ______

19 If you have 186 amino acids, how many water molecules are produced and how many peptide bonds are made when you make those 186 amino acids into a protein.

Water ______peptide bonds ______

20 Where in a cell would you look for DNA? ______

21 Name two examples of nucleic acids. ______

22 What three things make up a nucleic acid? ______, ______and ______

23 What are nucleic acids used for in the body? ______

24 What is the approximate C:H:O ratio in each of the following types of macromolecules

Carbohydrates / Lipids / Proteins / Nucleic acids

25 Which compounds in the above table can often be composed of C, H, and O alone?

26 Which compounds can be identifies by looking at the C:H:O ratios alone?

27 What other compounds are commonly associated with each of these four types of macromolecules?

Carbohydrates / Lipids / proteins / Nucleic acids
Always contain P
Always contain N
Can contain S

28 You want to use a radioactive tracer that will label only the protein in an RNA virus. Assume the virus is composed of only a protein coat and an RNA core. Which of the following would you use and why?

  1. Radioactive Pb. Radioactive Nc. Radioactive Sd. Radioactive C

Explain

29 Closely related macromolecules often have many characteristics in common. For example, they share many of the same chemical elements and functional groups. Therefore, to separate or distinguish closely related macromolecules, you need to determine how they differ and then target or label that difference.

  1. What makes RNA different from DNA?
  1. If you wanted to use a radioactive or fluorescent tag to label only the RNA in a cell and not the DNA, what compound(s) could you label that is/are specific for RNA?
  1. IF you wanted to label only the DNA what compound(s) would you label?

30 Use your understanding of the chemical characteristics of the four major types of macromolecules in living organisms to complete the following experiments.

  1. You stir 10g of glucose and 10mL of phospholipids in a 500mL beaker that contains 200 mL of distilled water. Draw a diagram to show where and how the glucose and phospholipids would be distributed after you let the mixture settle for about 30 minutes