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Project synopsis on

LINE FOLLOWING VEHILE

Under taken by:

Name 1 Roll no. 1 Name 2 Roll no. 2

Name 3 Roll no. 3 Name 4 Roll no. 4

ABSTRACT:

This robot is a mobile device that detects and follows the line drawn on the floor. The path must be in a visible black line on a white surface.

A line following robot is a mobile machine employed to sense and follow the black lines that are drawn on the white surface. This technique can be incorporated into the Automated Guided Vehicles (AGV) for providing the easy way of operation.

Generally, the AGV is integrated with the microprocessor and computers for controlling its system. It also uses a position feedback system for traveling in the desired path.

WORKING PRINCIPLE:

The line following vehicle works by identifying the black line over a white line by using different sensors. The most common sensors used are photo resistors or infrared transmitter and receiver pair.

The sensor sense the black line using the light reflection mechanism. When white light falls on a black surface it gets absorbed and less light is reflected as compared to the white line. The sensor senses this change in the intensity of the reflected light and thus instructs the microcontroller and the microcontroller further adjusts the motor movements accordingly.

When a photo resistor is used as the sensor, the resistance of the photo resistor changes in accordance with the intensity of the reflected light. Generally 2 photo resistors are enough to develop a fully functional line following robot but 4 or more photo resistors are used in order to get better precision.

If the black line goes to left the sensors at the right end will detect a fall in reflected light intensity and vice-versa and thus instructs the microcontroller to change the motor speed and direction accordingly.

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM:

COMPONENTS REQUIRED

 HARDWARE

1. Breadboard

2. General purpose Board

3. Single Strand Wires (Black, Red, Blue)

4. DC Power Supply (Using 9V Battery)

5. Darlington Pair TIP122

6. Ceramic Capacitors

7. Resistors

8. Potentiometer

9. Diodes

10 DC 150 RPM Motors

11. Arduino UNO

12. Line Detecting Sensor Array

13. LCD 16*2

14. Chassis

 SOFTWARE

1. Arduino Software

APPLICATIONS:

Industrial Applications: These robots can be used as automated equipment carriers in industries replacing traditional conveyer belts.

Automobile applications: These robots can also be used asautomatic carsrunning on roads with embedded magnets.

Domestic applications: These can also be used at homes for domestic purposes like floor cleaning etc.

Guidance applications: These can be used in public places like shopping malls, museums etc to provide path guidance.

REFERENCES: