Progressive Reforms: The “Umbrella Movement”
Using your text. P. 250-257, Describe HOW progressives advocated/supported reforms in the following areas
- Municipal Reform (p. 251-252) **Name and Explain 1 of the 3 forms of Municipal Government
- Making Government more responsive to citizens (p. 252-253) **List and explain the four reforms by La Follete
- Election of Senators (p. 253)
- Regulating Big Business (p. 254)
- Injured Workers (p. 254)
- Limiting the Workday (p. 254-255)
- Educating Children (p. 256-257)
- Suffrage
- Birth Control (p. 257)
- Temperance (p. 257)
Progressive Reforms: The “Umbrella Movement”
Using your text. P. 250-257, describe how progressives advocated/supported reforms in the following areas
- Municipal Reform (p. 251-252)
- Sought to end the control big businesses and political machines had on government
- Advocated changes in the way local government was run
- Cutting government spending, reduced number of government jobs, electing city council members at large, nonpartisan elections
- End Favors or Patronage System; Quality candidates
- Commissioner System
- Voters elect heads of departments
- Police, Fire, Public Works, Finance, Health and Welfare
- Mayor/City Council System
- Voters elect council members and Mayor
- Mayor has broad powers
- proposes legislation, can veto acts of council
- Council runs government
- Mayor or Council appoints head of departments
- Strong Mayor v.s. Weak Mayor
- City Council/Manager System
- Voters elect council members
- One serves as mayor, but has no more power than others
- Council appoints professional administrator “City Manager”: Run like a business
- City Manager appoints heads of departments
- Making Government more responsive to citizens (p. 252-253)
- Direct Primary
- An election open to all voters within the party to choose candidates
- Initiative
- Allowed citizens to introduce a bill into the legislature
- Referendum
- Procedure in which voters cast ballots for or against proposed laws
- Recall
- Enables citizens to remove an elected official from office before their term is up
- Election of Senators (p. 253)
- Called for the direct election of Senators by voters from each state
- 17th Amendment (1913)
- Regulating Big Business (p. 254)
- Sought to end the control powerful big businesses had over consumers
- Commissions were established to regulate railroads, electric power companies and gas companies
- To make sure citizens were treated fairly
- Some cities went beyond, setting up and running utilities as part of their government
- Injured Workers (p. 254)
- Argued workers injured on the job should be compensated
- 1902 Maryland passed first state law requiring employers to buy insurance that would compensate workers injured on the job
- Workmen’s Compensation Law (1917)
- Required companies to have some type of workers’ compensation program
- Limiting the Workday (p. 254-255)
- Supported a shorter workday for women
- Argued they were weaker
- 1903 Oregon passed first law prohibiting women from working in factories or laundry for more than 10 hours per day
- Muller v Oregon
- Supreme Court upheld state’s law
- Educating Children (p. 256-257)
- Supported the expansion of public education and laws requiring attendance at schools
- 1900 =6,000 high schools
- 1920 =14,000
- Child Labor Laws
8. Suffrage (p. 253)
- Called for the expansion of voting rights to women
- 19th Amendment (1919)
- Birth Control (p. 257)
- Argued women needed to be informed of ways to prevent pregnancy
- Temperance (p. 257)
- Supported the restriction or prohibiting use of alcohol
- Intoxicated men sometimes beat their wives and children
- 18th Amendment (1918) Prohibition
- 21st Amendment (1933) Repeal of Prohibition
- Lynching
- African Americans attacked discrimination; especially lynching
- Help for the Poor
- Supported settlement houses that provided educational and social services to poor people, especially immigrants