From,

DR. PRIYA.K

PRELIMINARY M.D. SCHOLAR,

DEPT. OF BHAISHAJYA KALPANA,

S. D. M. COLLEGE OF AYURVEDA. HASSAN.

To,

THE REGISTRAR,

RAJIVGANDHIUNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES

KARNATAKA – BANGALORE.

Through,

THE PRINCIPAL,

S.D.M.COLLEGE OF AYURVEDA

HASSAN

Respected Sir,

Sub.: Submission of completed Performa for registration of subject for dissertation.

I request you to kindly register the below mentioned subject against my name for the submission of dissertation to the Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, for the partial fulfillment of M.D. (Ayu.) in BHAISHAJYA KALPANA.

TITLE OF DISSERTATION:

“PHARMACEUTICO-ANALYTICAL STUDY OF VACHA ARKA PREPARED BY TWO DIFFERENT METHODS AND EVALUATION OF ITS MEDHYAEFFECT”

I am here with enclosing the synopsis of dissertation as per the prescribed Proforma.

Thanking You,

Yours faithfully,

Place: HASSAN

Date : (DR. PRIYA.K)

RAJIVGANDHIUNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES

BANGALORE, KARNATAKA.

COMPLETED PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT

FOR DISSERTATION

“PHARMACEUTICO-ANALYTICAL STUDY OF VACHA ARKA PREPARED BY TWO DIFFERENT METHODS’ AND EVALUATION OF ITS MEDHYAEFFECT”

DR. PRIYA.KB A M S

PRELIMINARY M.D. SCHOLAR

DEPARTMENT OF PG STUDIES IN BHAISHAJYA KALPANA

GUIDE

Dr.GAZALA HUSSAINMD(Ayu)

DEPARTMENT OF BHAISHAJYA KALPANA

CO-GUIDE

DR.RAVISHANKAR.B M.Sc.,Ph.D

DIRECTOR

SDMRESEARCHCENTER FOR AYURVEDA AND ALLIED SCIENCE,UDUPI

2011-2013

S. D. M. COLLEGE OF AYURVEDA,HASSAN

RAJIVGANDHIUNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES,

BANGALORE, KARNATAKA.

ANNEXURE- 2

COMPLETED PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT OF DISSERTATION

  1. NAME OF CANDIDATE

AND ADDRESS : Dr. PRIYA.K,

PRELIMINARY M.D (AYU)SCHOLAR,
DEPARTMENT OFPOST GRADUATE STUDIES IN

BHAISHAJYA KALPANA,

S.D.MCOLLEGE OF AYURVEDA, HASSAN

PERMANENT ADDRESS:Dr. PRIYA.K,

D/O MR. K.VASUDEVAN

HARISREE

THEKKETHARA

PAZHAYANNUR, THRISSUR (DIS). PIN680587

2. NAME OF THE INSTITUTION: S.D.MCOLLEGE OF AYURVEDA

AND HOSPITAL, HASSAN, KARNATAKA.

3. COURSE OF THE STUDY : M.D AYURVEDA (BHAISHAJYA KALPANA)

AND SUBJECT

4. DATE OF ADMISSION :31/10/2011

5. TITLE OF THE TOPIC:

“PHARMACEUTICO-ANALYTICAL STUDY OF VACHA ARKA PREPARED BY TWO DIFFERENT METHODS AND EVALUATION OF ITS MEDHYAEFFECT”

6. BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK:

6.1. NEED FOR THE STUDY

Arka is a liquid preparation obtained by distillation of certain liquids or of drugs soaked in water using the Arka Yantra or any convenient modern distillation apparatus1.It is described by Ravana in his book Arka Prakasha as one of the Panchavidha Kashaya Kalpana2. In this preparation the essential oils from drugs are extracted3.

Vacha is said to be Medhya according to Brihat trayees4 ,5 and 6.It is not clear whether vacha is included under Kathina or Atyantha kathina Dravya. With the help of this study the probable ratio of water may be decided to extract its Arka.

In the present era the stress is increasing and is affecting the manasika bhavas.The memory, intellect, confidence, peace, etcare affected. Intelligence is defined as the resultant of the process of acquiring, storing in memory, retrieving, combining, comparing, and using in new contexts information and conceptual skills7. In Arka Prakasha, Vacha arka is said to be Vanhi Vamikrit,Vibanda Anaha Shula Hrit, Sarva Vidha Trishna Hara and Badirya Nashaka. Medhya property of Vacha Arka has not been mentioned. Hence an experimental evaluation of Medhya activity of the Vacha Arka will be carried out on albino rats, also it will be comparatively assessed as to which group yields better results on Medhya activity.

6.2 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

Arka is a liquid preparation obtained by distillation of certain liquids or of drugs soaked in water using the Arka Yantra or any convenient modern distillation apparatus1

In Arka Prakasha the herbal raw materials used for preparation of Arka are basically classified into five groups2. The classification is done on the basis of nature of drug namely Atyanta Kathina, Kathina, Ardra, Pallava & Drava.

The ratio of drug and water varies according to different groups as mentioned below;

Sl / Group / Ratio of drug & Water
1 / Atyanta Kathina / 1:32
2 / Kathina / 1:22
3 / Ardra / 1:1/20th 2
4 / Pallava / 1:1/100th2
5 / Drava / 1:02

Most of the drugs are included in this fivefold classification.

In Arka Prakasha, Vacha is mentioned in 3rd Shataka, 14thverse2.It is widely described in Arka Prakasha under different preparations.But Vacha is not included in any group of the five fold classification. Vacha cannot be grouped under Ardra, Pallava or Drava. It is not sure whether it should be included in Kathina or Atyanta Kathina group. Hence this study is designed to decide probable ratio of water required to prepare Vacha Arka. On this basis an attempt will be made in this study to prepare Vacha Arka by using drug and water in the ratio of 1:3 & 1:2.In this study, the prepared medicines will be analyzed through different analytical methods.

Prashastha Arka lakshanas are odour more than Dravya,colour similar to Dravya when poured on white vessel and taste similar to Dravya2.

In modern pharmaceutics Arka preparation can be compared to distillation.Distillation is the process of separating the constituents of a liquid by vapourising the liquid and passing the vapours through a cold surface and thereby converting the vapours again into liquid.Distillation apparatus consists of three parts: 1)Still 2)Condenser 3)Receiver.There are different types of distillation which include Simple distillation,Fractional distillation,Steam distillation,Vaccum distillation and Destructive distillation3.

PREVIOUS WORKDONE

1. A comparative study of Arka and Kwath wsr to Mootrala KarmaL-1655, Vohra Dipti P , Jamnagar,1987.

6.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

1.To prepare two samples of Vacha Arka by different ratio of drug and wateri.e., 1:2 and 1:3respectively.

2.To analyze these two samples using Analytical parameters.

3. To assess Medhya effect of these samples on albino rats.

7. MATERIALS AND METHODS

7.1 Source of Data

a) Pharmaceutical Data

Raw material will be collected from reliable sources and authentication will be done.

MethodI

S No / Name of Drug / Latin Name / Part used / Proportion
1 / Vacha8 / Acorus calamus / Tuber / 1part
2 / Water / Distilled water / Whole part / 3part

Method II

S No / Name of Drug / Latin Name / Part used / Proportion
1 / Vacha8 / Acorus calamus / Tuber / 1part
2 / Water / Distilled water / Whole part / 2part

b) Method of preparation:

The Vacha arka is prepared by two methods. In the first method the drug and water are taken in the ratio of 1:2.It is kept for 1 night. Next day again one part of water is added. It is kept in distillation apparatus and Arka is prepared.In the second method the drug and water are taken in the ratio 1:2. It is then transferred to distillation apparatus and Arka is prepared.

Twosamples of Vacha arka will be prepared with different ratio of Vacha and water namely 1:2 and 1:3respectively at Teaching Pharmacy, SDMCA, Hassan.

7.2. These twosamples of Vacha arka will be analyzed with following analytical parameters at S.D.M. Research Centrefor Ayurveda and Allied Sciences, Udupi9.

1. Description

a)Colour

b)Odour

  1. pH
  2. Volatile matter.
  3. Specific gravity at 250C
  4. Determination of boiling point
  5. Refractive index
  6. HPTLC
  7. Total Acidity
  8. Shelf life

7.1c) EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

Healthy Albino rats of either sex will be taken from animal house of S.D.M. Research Centre, Udupi. Inclusive and exclusive criteria of rats, assessment of Medhya property and method of experimental study will be as follows.

METHODS

General protocol

  • The study will be conducted in 3 groups.

1st group- will be fed with first sample of Vacha arka prepared with a ratio of 1:2.

2nd group - will be fed with second sample of Vacha arka prepared with a ratio of 1:3

3rd group - will be given normal saline

  • 6 Albino rats in each group will be taken respectively.
  • A total of 72 rats will be taken.

Dose of the Albino rats= Human dose x 0.01810

Tests performed:

1. Morris water maze method

2.Elevated Plus maze

3.Stress hypothermia and activity

4.Mirror chamber test

5. Electro convulsion

6.Gross behaviour in rats.

Inclusive criteria

1) Weight range 120g to 140g.

2) Healthy Albino rats of either sex.

Exclusive criteria

1.Pregnant and diseased rats.

2.Weight less than 120g and greater than 140g.

Assessment criteria

a)The ability of rats to learn and remember the location of hidden platform located in a pre defined quadrant will be tested for 5 consecutive days. Rats that fail to reach the visible platform will be excluded from the analysis.

Daily escape latencies to the hidden platform as well as percent time spent and distance travelled in the target quadrant during the probe trial will be recorded.

The number of trails required for the establishment of memory in test drug group and control group are noted. By this data, comparative effect will be assessed.

b)Elevated plus maze(Memory and anxiety protocol)-parameter measured are Transfer latency: time spend on open arm .

c)Stress hypothermia and activity-Effect of forced swimming stress on rectal temperature and spontaneous motor activity

d)Mirror chamber test(anxiety)-Step in latency

e) Electro convulsion(stress and anti-convulsant activity)-Effect on different convulsion phase.

f)Gross behavior in rats-overall effect on behavior.

The assessment of Medhyaactivity will be done based on above mentioned parameters. Significance of study will be established with help of One way statistical test followed by Dunnet’s multiple ‘t’ test as positive test.

7.3 Does the study require any investigation or intervention to be conducted on patient or other humans or animals? If so please describe briefly.

-Yes – Experimental study will be carried out to assess the Medhyaactivity of prepared medicine.

7.4 Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution in case of 7.3?

Yes.

8. List of references

  1. CCRAS. The Ayurvedic Formulary of India. 2nd ed. New Delhi: Govt. of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare; 2003 Part I. Vol I. p .27.
  2. Ravana. Arkaprakasa. Commentary. 2nd ed.Varanasi: Chowkamba; 2006, pp9,14,20-24,39
  3. Ravindra Angadi. A text book of Bhaishajya kalpana Vijnana, 1st ed. Varanasi: Chaukamba; 2009. pp. 118,119.
  4. Kaviraja atrideva gupta. Ashtanga Hrudaya of Vagbhatta acharya. 11th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan;1993. p. 606.
  5. Acharya Jadavji trikamji. Charaka samhita of Charaka acharya.4th ed.varanasi: Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan; 1994.p. 378.
  6. Acharya Jadavji trikamji. Susruta samhita of Susruta acharya. 1st ed. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy; 2004.p.502.
  7. Lloyd G. Humphreys. Intelligence. Sciencedirect [internet]. April–June 1979,p105-120.
  8. J.L.N Sastry. Illustrated Dravya Guna Vijnana.2nd ed.varanasi:chaukhambha orientalia ;2005.p.545.
  9. CCRAS.Laboratory guide for the analysis of Ayurveda and Siddha formulation. I edition: New Delhi. Govt of India, CCRAS,Dept of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare; 2010. p.3.
  10. Paget GE,Barnes JM.Evaluation of drug activities.In:Lawrence DR,Bacharach AL,editors.Pharmacometrics.Newyork:Academic Press;1964.p.161.

9. SINGATURE OF THE CANDIDATE:

10. REMARKS OF THE GUIDE:

11.1 GUIDE :DR.GAZALA HUSSAIN

DEPARTMENTOFPGSTUDIESIN
BHAISHAJYA KALPANA

S.D.M COLLEGE OF AYURVEDA, HASSAN

11.2 SIGNATURE:

11.3 CO-GUIDE :DR.RAVISHANKAR.B M.Sc.,Ph.D

DIRECTOR

SDM RESEARCH CENTER FOR

AYURVEDA AND ALLIED SCIENCE,

UDUPI

11.4 SIGNATURE:

11.5 HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT :DR.BASAVARAJ Y GANTIM.D. (Ayu)

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

DEPARTMENT OF PG STUDIES IN

BHAISHAJYA KALPANA

S.D.MCOLLEGE OF AYURVEDA,
HASSAN- 573201

11.6SIGNATURE AND SEAL:

12. REMARKS OF THE

CHAIRMAN & PRINCIPAL:

12.1SIGNATURE AND SEAL: